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Samorealizacja – potencjał dziecka w twórczości plastycznej. Propozycja programu kształcenia plastycznego w klasach początkowych

Author(s): Urszula Szuścik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (57)/2023

The article presents a proposal for the development of the creative and artistic potential of a child in early school age. Potential is treated by the author as discovering the possibilities and abilities that, thanks to the conditions and atmosphere in the education process, a child develops and shapes. This is related to the issue of creativity and self-realization through creative activities, with discovering and exceeding one’s abilities in the course of the creative educational process. The education of a child should go towards the development of his creativity, understood as shaping a person who is integrated in the cognitive, emotional and operational spheres. A free person, independent in making decisions, valued, without a sense of guilt. The result is the development of the child’s natural abilities and skills, and thus its potential mental strength in current activities. Based on research, including her own, the author presents a proposal for the development of a child’s creative potential in the field of art based on the education of his visual perception.

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WORK SATISFACTION OF TEACHERS AND THEIR PERCEPTIONS OF THE DEGREE OF SATISFACTION OF PARENTS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Author(s): Rodica Bolojan (Ștef) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2024

Work is an important aspect in each of our lives, generally occupying a third of the day. Specialists have paid increasing attention to research into the organizational field and factors that contribute to improving a company's results (Amabile and Kramer, 2011). Moreover, job satisfaction is considered a strong predictor of overall individual well-being (Veenhoven, 1984) and some employees' intentions to leave. For the qualitative research on the topic: "Work satisfaction of teachers and their perceptions regarding the degree of satisfaction of parents of preschool children" we started from the analysis of specialized literature in the field of quality of life, job satisfaction to identify factors that influence job satisfaction, on the one hand, and the relationship between teachers' job satisfaction in terms of satisfaction of parents of children they work with, on the other hand. The results reflect the fact that employee satisfaction is hard to maintain and requires regular attention for effective management. Thus, in order for their employees to be satisfied, managers must ensure a state of balance between extrinsic factors - salary, working conditions, company policy - and intrinsic factors - the work itself, their responsibilities and achievements.

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Kresli, na co myslíš: Komparativní analýza kreseb předškolních dětí a prvňáků

Author(s): Jana Marie Havigerová,Marie Herynková / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Children’s drawings provide valuable insights into their mind, their development. The study aimed to compare children’s drawings revealing age and sex differences. A total of 204 children aged 5-8 years participated, drawing pictures based on a content-neutral instruction (Draw what’s in your mind.). Theme and frequency analysis were conducted. Results showed that preschoolers drew significantly fewer objects (modus = 1) compared to first graders (modus = 11). Preschoolers most often drew vehicles, persons, and symbols, while first graders’ drawings vary much within themes and objects. Girls in both age groups depicted more nature-related objects, while boys focused on human-made products. These findings suggest a developmental shift, with preschoolers often drawing what they see or can draw and first graders expressing complex inner contents and experiences. Comparing drawings of preschool children and first graders can enhance our understanding of developmental processes during this period.

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Задачи с диаграми на Вен за формиране на понятия в началното училище

Author(s): Toni Chehlarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Opportunities to use Venn diagram tasks for concept formation in elementary school are presented. The results of solving such tasks by students in 3rd and in 4th grade in the online competition "VIVA Mathematics with a computer" organized by the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences were analyzed. An illustration was made with similar tasks from other subject areas, inverse tasks were discussed, the role of computer models for their compilation and the competitions for their distribution.

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О роли генерализации в процессе онтогенеза темпорального дейксиса

Author(s): G.R. Dobrova,O.I. Petelina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

This article examines the role of generalization in the process of mastering temporal deixis in preschool children. Up to a certain age, children have difficulty in the acquisition of deixis, which is due to their individual and age-related characteristics, subjective perception of time, and inability to adjust to an actual starting point when it fails to match their “I-here-now” understanding. Here, the results of an analysis of children’s statements (from our notes and the diary entries by various authors) and the experimental data from 54 children aged 4 to 7 years are discussed and summarized. A number of examples are provided that prove the key importance of generalization skills in the acquisition of temporal deixis by preschool children. Detailed investigation of children’s statements reveals that most preschool children make incorrect generalizations in the early stages of speech ontogenesis: they often use “labels” (certain general “temporal” words that do not depend on the reference point) to mark time intervals, confuse and interchange antonyms like “tomorrow” and “yesterday”, use the same temporal word to refer to all past or future events, or mix up various associative series that belong to the category of time. However, through the incorrect choice and use of deictic means, young children gradually begin to recognize the meaning and correct use of deictic units. Thus, generalization facilitates children’s ability to comprehend language and its phenomena, such as the use of temporal deixis. The obtained results may be helpful for further psycholinguistic and ontolinguistic research, for teaching special courses on psycholinguistics, and for the work of specialists in the field of preschool education and speech ontogenesis.

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Исследование специфики действий ребенка дошкольного возраста с гаджетом и опосредование этого поведения родителями

Author(s): Inna Aleksandrovna Kalabina,Ekaterina Alexandrovna Nikitina,Elena Ivanovna Nikolaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2024

Introduction. The study raises the problem of preschool children’s actions with gadgets and the mediation of this behavior by parents. The use of various gadgets by preschool children is a widespread practice. It is known that the effectiveness of a preschool child’s cognitive activity is largely determined by adult involvement. There is still no sufficient basis to conclude how effectively parents can use the gadget when interacting with their child. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to analyze what exactly 4-6 year-old-children do when they receive a gadget and how this activity is controlled by adults. Materials and Methods. A semi-structured interview with preschoolers was conducted in a psychologist’s office in a kindergarten. The psychologist had a list of compulsory questions, but if necessary, clarifying questions were asked so that the child’s answer was as complete as possible. The sample included 69 children aged between 5 and 7 years attending kindergartens in St. Petersburg. Informed consents were obtained from their parents. The ethical committee of the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (IRB 00011060 Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia IRB#1) approved the study (protocol No. 24 dated November 27, 2023). The interview included questions related to the child's use of gadgets at home. Children explained what gadgets they use, how long they can do it, what they do when they receive a gadget, under what conditions this happens (the child uses a gadget alone / the adult comes up from time to time/ the adult is constantly with the child at this moment/ an adult discusses with the child what he/she was doing with the gadget). Results. The main result is that, having received the gadget, the vast majority of children are left alone with it. When the usage time is over, adults do not discuss the content of this activity. If something scares a child while playing or watching video content on YouTube, he/she does not tell the adult about it because he/she is afraid that he/she will no longer receive the gadget. Conclusions. When most parents offer their child a gadget, they do not use its potential for communication with the child and joint cognitive activity. The gadget allows the parent to get time for their needs in socially acceptable conditions.

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ПРИСТУП АНДЕРСЕНОВОЈ БАЈЦИ МАЛА СИРЕНА ПРЕКО АКТАНЦИЈАЛНОГ МОДЕЛА АН ИБЕРСФЕЛД

Author(s): Jadranka Barzut / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2023

In the light of Propp's analysis of the structure of fairy tales and the linguisticsemantic research of Anne Ubersfeld, this paper deals with the interpretation of the H. K. Andersen's fairy tale The Little Mermaid through The Actantial Model of Anne Ubersfeld, revealing the meaning richness of this fairy tale on the one hand and showing how The Actantial Model is equally applicable and useful in in-depth analyzes of non-dramatic texts. In the paper, The Little Mermaid is analyzed through several different actantial models, which will allow us to show how the very understanding of the fairy tale is directly conditioned by the choice of actantial model we use (e.g. if we have in mind the Christian subtext or the model of secular satisfaction. In the first case, we will see why the fairy tale has "happy ending" and in the second case we interpret it in the light of its tragic ending). This paper is an example of the extent to which Anne Ubersfeld's Actantial Model allows for different interpretations, in-depth analysis and diverse approaches to the dramatic processing of the text.

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ФОНОЛОШКА И ФОНЕМСКА СВЕСНОСТ КАО ПРЕДУСЛОВИ ПОЧЕТНОГ ЧИТАЊА И ПИСАЊА

Author(s): Milijana Šljivovac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2023

The paper aims to examine the frequency of application of language games and activities in the function of developing phonological and phonemic awareness in preschool children. It examined how children's stay in preschool affects the development of their speech. The opinions of forty-six educators on this issue were analyzed using a survey. The main conclusion of the research is that educators often apply language games and activities to develop phonological and phonemic awareness in preschool children.

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СТАВОВИ О ТЕШКОЋАМА КОЈЕ СЕ ЈАВЉАЈУ У ПРОЦЕСУ ИНКЛУЗИВНОГ ОБРАЗОВАЊА КОД СРЕДЊОШКОЛСКИХ НАСТАВНИКА

Author(s): Kristina Miladinović,Nenad Miladinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The paper presents a brief overview of the research on attitudes related to the difficulties that arise in the process of inclusive education among secondary school teachers. The sample of this research is intentional and includes 80 secondary school teachers. The sample is convenient and unsystematic. The research was done in secondary schools. Descriptive method, scaling technique, Likert-type scale consisting of 23 items was applied. Modern society requires the provision of equal conditions for the development of the potential and abilities of each individual, which implies the creation of a school tailored to the child. In order to manifest the positive effects of inclusion, systematic changes in the school are necessary. Individual examples are not enough, there are a large number of barriers in practice that hinder progress in inclusive education in secondary schools. The inclusion of a child with developmental disabilities in the secondary school education system is still a difficult problem to solve. The key is how to motivate parents for their child's education.

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ИЗЛАЗ ИЗ МАТЕМАТИЧКОГ ЛАВИРИНТА

Author(s): Ruža Jeličić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The labyrinth has always been an intriguing symbol symbolizing life's journey. And the mathematical labyrinth is a kind of labyrinth through which students sometimes wander, and sometimes clearly and decisively see where they are going. Sometimes they feel insecure, lost and scared, and sometimes they feel fulfilled, inspired and safe. This paper reveals how the understanding of the mathematical labyrinth contributes to a better implementation of mathematics teaching, better cooperation between teachers and students, as well as to the understanding of mathematics and all the potentials it symbolizes. In the mathematical labyrinth, students can meet the warrior and the teacher, Theseus and the Minotaur, light and darkness and gather experiences, knowledge, mathematical fruits that lead them to the center and wholeness.

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МОГУЋНОСТИ ИСТРАЖИВАЊА ПРИРОДНИХ МАТЕРИЈАЛА У ЛИКОВНИМ АКТИВНОСТИМА У ВРТИЋУ – ПРИМЕРИ ИЗ ПРАКСЕ

Author(s): Milena D. Vojinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

The paper presents the importance of outdoor activities (in nature) and different possibilities of using natural materials in art activities in kindergarten. Special emphasis is placed on materials from nature that we can use in art activities: by exploring their characteristics and possibilities, by using them as an incentive/template for observation and research that leads to creativity in art materials, and as alternative art material, which children express themselves artistically. After presenting the attitudes and results of research by pedagogues and other scientists on the importance of learning in nature, the importance of using natural materials, but also learning about nature through art activities with children (ages 3 to 7), one example from practice is presented. Based on several examples from the art project that we realized in kindergarten, we presented possible ways of using natural materials. We conclude that the use of natural materials and the realization of artistic activities in nature (kindergarten yard) is of great importance, because their potentials enable the development of creativity in children, where through practical manipulation of natural materials children learn about the world around them and develop a positive attitude towards nature. Natural materials encourage creative thinking in children, who, by exploring their possibilities, through trial and mistake, come to longer-term knowledge.

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ДРАМСКЕ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЈЕ ПРЕДШКОЛСКИХ ВАСПИТАЧА

Author(s): Jelica Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

The aim of this research was to study the pedagogical competencies of a preschool kindergarten teacher, to study the programmes of the higher educational institutions for professional and academic studies, all in order to explore the presence of subjects that contain in their title the adjective ,,dramatic" (like Drama and movement; Creative drama); to study the competencies of kindergarten teachers that are used in the domain of dramatic creativity of pre-school children and their application in the planning of dramatic activities in a pre-school institution. The research sample consists of 51 teachers. The following methods were used: method of theoretical analysis of the content, descriptive method and survey method. The key research results show that the kindergarten teachers think that the dramatic activities have positive effect in the development of pre-school children, that the role plays are the most prevalent, as well as the dramatic plays that children perform themselves. The results also show that the majority of kindergarten teachers did study performing arts, that they plan drama related activities up to three times a month, that the puppet and shadow theatres are the most prevalent forms of theatre in pedagogical and educational activities.

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СВАКИ УЧЕНИК ЈЕ МАЛИ ПРИНЦ КОЈИ ТРАГА ЗА СВОЈОМ ПЛАНЕТОМ

Author(s): Ruža Jeličić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

Many students, in accordance with the imposed culture and under the influence of the environment, have renounced their true nature. In such a reduced capacity, they began to live from limitations, shortcomings and incompleteness. An authentic student is faithful to his nature. Although he is active in his environment, he does not care too much about everything that happens around him. He is not enslaved by the rules and imperatives that are imposed on him. He doesn't care too much about the opinions of others. Nobility, kindness and love are his postulates of action. He performs each task with dedication and seriousness, and at the same time he plays.

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ПРЕДШКОЛСКА УСТАНОВА КАО ЗНАЧАЈАН ФАКТОР У РАЗВОЈУ ЕКОЛОШКЕ СВЕСТИ ДЕЦЕ

Author(s): Sanja Zejak / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2021

Preschool age is defined by a number of authors as an ideal time for the beginning of the development of environmental awareness. Precisely accelerated development, great emotionalism and curiosity are the characteristics of preschool age which are also ideal for the beginning of ecological education of children. Although family is the first and important factor in developing ecological awareness in children, the influence of educational institutions is irreplaceable in that area. A preschool institution, in that sense, is a number one place where planning ecological education of children should begin. Having in mind this, it was deemed necessary to research the ways in which teachers in their work with children of preschool age apply ecological education. Within this research, a survey of teachers employed in preschool institutions in the territory of Belgrade was conducted. Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is an awareness on the importance of ecological education in teachers, as well as on possibilities provided by preschool age when it comes to this type of work with children. Also, teachers assess project approach as very favorable in terms of an approach whose application can significantly contribute to improving the ecological education of children. The importance of these data is reflected in the fact that they lead us to a conclusion that teachers show competencies also for the implementation of this kind of work with children. Of course, it is important to apply all of this in practice because everyday situations in the kindergarten open many opportunities for the implementation of ecological education whereby it is up to the teacher to identify those opportunities and use them in a creative and quality manner to successfully encourage the development of ecological education in children.

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ПРИМЕНА МУЛТИМЕДИЈЕ У НАСТАВИ

Author(s): Marija Cvejić,Jelena Nešić,Dragoljub Vidojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2021

The text aims to show the use of multimedia in modern teaching, its capacity to enrich the learning process in a way that is enjoyable for students and fully use its potential. The presentation focuses on the possibility of collecting and producing new relevant opportunities provided by multimedia, and all this is done by creating multimedia-supported teaching that will make the most of all the capacities of selected multimedia and reduce their weaknesses to a minimum.

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ОБРАДА БАЈКЕ О ЛАБУДУ ДЕСАНКЕ МАКСИМОВИЋ У ДРУГОМ РАЗРЕДУ ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ

Author(s): Zorica Cvetanović,Neda Jević,Ivana Stojkov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2020

The subject of research in this paper are the methodic possibilities of interpretation of The fairy tale about the swan, which is a compulsory school lesson in the second grade of primary school. More fairy tales by Desanka Maksimović are in the domestic lecturer for this grade, so in the first part of the paper the basics of poetics and methodical significance of fairy tales by our writer are given, and then theoretical topics for interpretation The fairy tale about the swan by Desanka Maksimović are brought. In the first and second grade of primary school when anylizing a fairy tale, it is methodic justified to use logical units that focus students' attention on parts of the text. In addition, during the interpretation, a text plan is created, which serves in the synthesis and for retelling. The aim of the paper is a methodical presentation of the processing of a fairy tale by logical units in the second grade of primary school on the example of The fairy tale about the swan by Desanka Maksimović.

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МОДЕЛ РАДА СА ПРАКТИЧНИМ ПРИМЕРИМА ХОРСКЕ НАСТАВЕ НА МЛАЂЕМ ШКОЛСКОМ УЗРАСТУ

Author(s): Miona Ilić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2020

Starting from the facts that show that choral singing provides multiple benefits in terms of general development of children, as well as that it is necessary to build a musically stimulating environment within primary school, the purpose of this paper is to present a model of working with choir made of the younger grades. Besides that, this paper provides concrete practical examples of choral teaching that will contribute to the better realization of the necessary elements of each choral work, such as audition, selection of compositions for work, methodical procedure of learning a new song, proper breathing, vocal warm-up and public performance. Each of these segments are very complex and demanding. We would like to emphasize that the model of working with the choir of the younger grades of primary school and its practical application, which we present, is the result of the content analysis provided by the previously consulted literature. The model provides concrete suggestions in working with pupils in choir classes. We believe that this work will be especially important for teachers who work, not only with the choir made of younger grades, but also with the class choir in order to discover new ways of artistic work. This model is just one of many possible aspects of the realization of choral teaching that relies on the recommendations discussed in the professional literature. We can expect the successful realization of the selected program only with a systematic and creative approach in choral work.

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ИЗОМЕТРИЈСКЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЈЕ У РАЗВОЈУ ПРОСТОРНОГ РЕЗОНОВАЊА

Author(s): Rada Šćepanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

Translating, rotation and symmetry, i.e. isometric mapping, and their compositions are transformations that do not distort the shape and size. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that various examples of isometric transformations encourage the early development of students' spatial reasoning. The basic starting points of this work are: (1) the connection between school geometry and spatial reasoning, and (2) the characteristics of spatial reasoning in children and instructions in encouraging the development of their spatial abilities. The results that have been obtained by the method of theoretical analysis show more approaches that encourage the development of spatial reasoning skills in children, from conversations with teachers and peers, game matching, drawing, and reconstruction of three-dimensional objects to the use of software packages and touch technologies. In isometric tasks, students first use visualization, to evaluate which forms are matched, compare forms, mentally and physically rotate the shapes received and recognize shapes from different perspectives. It has been concluded that there is clear evidence that even the youngest students, if offered high quality opportunities, can be engaged in challenging activities of isometric transformations. Therefore, transformations can be introduced to primary school students, not directly with explicit definition, but in an informal way, choosing an appropriate context so that geometric activities for students have meanings. In order for students to gain understanding and insight into these fundamentally difficult aspects of isometric transformations, they must be rooted in the experiences that students have on a daily basis, as well as in the tasks set by the teacher. Conclusions point out to the importance of designing isometric tasks and teacher mediation, especially with regard to the use of such software, as a catalyst for the development of culture, in a classroom, where teachers and students expand their beliefs about learning and understanding isometrics.

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ПОСТАВЉАЊЕ ПРОБЛЕМСКИХ ЗАДАТАКА ЗА ПОДСТИЦАЊЕ КРЕАТИВНОГ ПРИСТУПА РЕШАВАЊУ ПРОБЛЕМА

Author(s): Rada Šćepanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

The quality of teaching and learning of mathematics depends on the tasks teachers give to students. Teaching contents are increasingly complemented by the introduction of problem mathematical tasks, in order to develop students' ability to solve problems. The main feature of the problematic tasks is that there is no known strategy for solving them, but, each time, mathematics knowledge is adapted and re-examined, in order to reach a new strategy that leads to the solution of tasks. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of problem-solving skills to encourage the development of creative approaches to problem solving. The results obtained by the method of theoretical analysis show that finding a solution or predicting possible solutions is a necessary element of problem setting. It was concluded that classroom activities, using appropriate artifacts and interactive teaching methods, can encourage a more conscious approach to problem solving, as well as a positive attitude towards problem-setting. This requires specific teacher's knowledge in terms of problem design, content selection, appropriate context, and then knowledge in problem formulation. When assessing the issues they pose, teachers should pay attention to the pedagogical and mathematical significance of the given problem.

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МОБИЛНЕ АПЛИКАЦИЈЕ У ВАНУЧИОНИЧКОЈ НАСТАВИ ПРИРОДЕ И ДРУШТВА

Author(s): Bojan Tomić,Miroslava Ristić,Sanja Blagdanić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

This paper shows the possibility of using standard mobile applications as a part of outdoor activities in teaching Social, Environmental and Scientific Education. By connecting traditional and modern, it notes the possibility of improving the teaching models, as well as encouraging exploratory activities of pupils and developing their digital competence. Starting from homeland principle (environmental proximity principle) and the local curriculum problem, the emphasis is on learning about the local environment of pupils. The aim of the paper is to examine the knowledge, digital skills and attitudes of pupils on the use of information technology in teaching, as well as to determine the successfulness of the usage of mobile applications in teaching Social, Environmental and Scientific Education in the function of creating stimulating and safe outdoor activities. This research is theoretical and empirical with usage of descriptive method, and the techniques used are observation with assessment, testing and interviewing. By analyzing the obtained results, it is concluded that mobile applications positively influence students' achievements in teaching Social, Environmental and Scientific Education. Expectedly, they expressed a positive attitude towards the use of mobile applications in outdoor activities.

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