Abstracts of the 1st International Conference on Behavioral Addictions
Abstracts of the 1st International Conference on Behavioral Addictions; March 11–12, 2013, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstracts of the 1st International Conference on Behavioral Addictions; March 11–12, 2013, Budapest, Hungary
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This paper presents a summary and aims to define social intelligence. The original definition of social intelligence concept belongs to Edward Thorndike, who defined it in terms of ability to understand people and to act wisely in human relations. Despite its usefulness and freshness, the term social intelligence was initially criticized by some researchers who rejected the concept considering it as a simple ability to manage social situations. Furthermore, the main argument the opponents of the theory of social intelligence had against it was related to the inability to measure social intelligence of a person. However, the psychology researchers have found a way to give social intelligence a quantitative note by using the hypothesis of effective behavior which can be measured by multiple ratings. Therefore, today we can say that social intelligence is defined as an individual's background knowledge about the social world.
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The society is made up of individuals and mirrored by the relationsbetween them. The society is not a simple sum of people, but a network ofconnections among them, the resources they use and the results of theseinteractions. The social interaction is based on social exchange. The object of theindividuals’ exchange can be: information, material objects, activities, psychologicalsupport, emotional feelings etc. When people share information or show supportthey are actually communicating. Therefore people need to communicate in ordernot to feel isolated. Transmitting and receiving information makes them know,analyze, make decisions and, especially, feel accepted. The quality of interpersonalcommunication is given by the way individuals are able to code and decode themessages they send and receive. Sometimes, when there’s a misinterpretation of amessage, the natural cooperation between individuals turns into competition. Thecompetition is conducted according to certain rules and competitors must comply.The reason is that the rules justify the respect for certain values which are superiorto the interests of those who compete. But when competition gets rough it caneasily turn into conflict. In this particularly case, using communication can solve theconflict.
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The family constitutes a distinct social reality. The characteristics specific for the family originate from its different function: physiologic, moral, educational, economic or emotional. It can also be added the juridical role, which is not always related to the other functions. Yet, the complexity of the family life overpasses all these aspects, reaching different levels of social development. If the moral role is, as well, fulfilled (love, affection, understanding and mutual respect), we can talk about a strong family, emotionally connected, which is translated into the reciprocal satisfaction of the two partners’ needs and aspirations. This family generates a favourable climate, in which the children can be brought up and educated. For these reasons, the family is a special form of the human community, permanently related to the social reality, which cannot be separated from the numerous phenomena and processes that characterise the society at some point.
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In this paper, we discuss the notion of Positive Language Education (PLE), which stems from a combination of Positive Education and Language Education. We suggest that there are good reasons for language educators to engage in enhancing 21st-century skills alongside the promotion of linguistic skills. One key set of 21st-century competences that would have academic and non-academic benefits are those which promote wellbeing. Wellbeing is indeed the foundation for effective learning and a good life more generally. Drawing on ideas from Content and Integrated Language Learning and Positive Education, PLE involves integrating non-linguistic and linguistic aims in sustainable ways which do not compromise the development of either skill set, or overburden educators. We believe that there are strong foundations on which to build a framework of PLE. Firstly, many language teachers already promote many wellbeing competences, in order to facilitate language learning. There is also a growing body of research on positive psychology (PP) in Second Language Acquisition on which further empirical work with PLE interventions can be developed. Building on the theoretical arguments put forward in this paper, we call for an empirically validated framework of PLE, which can be implemented in diverse cultural and linguistic settings.
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The article focuses on the theoretical understanding of the nature of consciousness in the various conceptual developments of thinkers of American neo-realism. Identical theoretical thesis are shown of the nature of consciousness, of objects, as well as their relation, knowledge sphere and cognitive field of consciousness, the correlation between consciousness and biophysical human organization. The insignificant differences in the detailed definition of the nature of consciousness are revealed, which do not change the characteristic theoretical position concerning the problem.
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In two separate studies, it was examined to what extent in languages with rich inflectional morphology, such as Serbian, in the tasks of automatic perception and word production we can rely on phonotactic information, i.e. permitted combinations of phonemes/graphemes. In the first study, with the help of support vector machines, word classes discrimination was carried out based on bigrams and trigrams generated at the morphosyntactic category level. In the second study, the production of inflected forms was explored, with the help of memory-based learning, relying on phonotactic information from the last four syllables of lemmas. Maximum discrimination accuracy of inflected word classes was obtained on the basis of bigrams reaching about 93% of accuracy. Similarly, in the task of inflectional production on all inflected word classes taken together, around 92% of the inflected forms were generated correctly. This confirms that phonotactic information in the perception and production of morphologically complex words plays an important role. Therefore, this information should be taken into account when considering the emergence of larger language units and patterns. The results show that functional connections between orthography/phonology and semantics lead to successful lexical learning, but at the same time they call into question the need for positing the existence of mental lexicon in which mental representations of various language characteristics are stored.
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The change in technological area all over the world has changed the concept of information and communication. The use of internet for commercial purposes gave rise to the existence of the electronic commerce (e-commerce) phenomenon. Online shopping or e-shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. The study focuses on the impact of hedonic and utilitarian motives on the consumers buying behaviour towards online shopping. Questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. The sample size of the study was 125 and the sample design adopted was convenience sampling. This paper tried to find out the impact of hedonic and utilitarian motive on the consumer buying behaviour towards online shopping and gives suggestions to improve the same.
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Lucrarea de faţă îşi propune să arate rezultatele cercetării întreprinse cu privire la competenţele psihosociale ale profesorilor din învăţământul preuniversitar în anul şcolar 2018-2019, la un număr de 200 de profesori din 9 şcoli din România, nivel
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The paper seeks to question the concept of the „Bulgarian Revival“ as a fixed, selfevident and taken-for-granted concept. Nowadays Bulgarian literary theory and historiography are experiencing in a similar way the general problematicity of the Revival concept stemming primarily from two things: firstly, this concept completely lacks neutrality, it is axiologically overladen with wholly positive connotations; secondly, the metaphoricity of the concept and the consciousness of an „era“ in it invariably turn out to be interlinked at its very core. This also necessitates an inquiry into the relationship between metaphor and era in the Revival concept which ensure, in different ways and for different occasions, its ability to boundlessly produce cultural continuities, whereby the metaphor blurs and transcends the boundaries and differences between the different eras. The cultural, contextual, and political ability of the Revival concept-metaphor to produce different narratives and, hence, different eras in Bulgarian history is interpreted here as a major premise for its countless historical and contemporary uses.
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In recent decades, computer games have become a form of popular entertainment in modern society. As a result, many people, including parents and researchers, have asked questions about how these computer games affect their users. Most psychologists who have begun research on this subject have mainly studied the negative effects of video games, but this trend has begun to change in recent years, with researchers also turning to their positive effects. This research explores the role that video games play in young people’s lives and how they can be used to improve mental health and well-being. But our reasearch is based on the effects on adolescents, especially those related to self-esteem, sociability and anxiety. A lot of studies in this area are made on variables such as violence and aggression, but we wanted to look beyond them and try to analyze some features and concepts of personality that do not appear so often in research.
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Provenance and socioeconomic status have a large impact over the mental health in adolescence. The aim of this research is to identify significant differences in anxiety and emotional distress between adolescents with high socioeconomic status and low socioeconomic status. Previous research highlighted that low socioeconomic status is related to mental illness, stereotypes, low self-esteem, poor school-based social status, a feeling of hopelessness and high levels of anxiety and depression. A sample of 360 adolescents was assessed with Emotional Distress Profile (PDE), Endler’s Anxiety Scales (EMAS-T) and a Socioeconomic status screening, made by the author. Results show, on one hand, that adolescents with low socioeconomic status have higher levels of both anxiety and emotional distress, and on the other hand, that anxiety strongly correlates with emotional distress. Practical implications of this research regard the self-assessment in adolescence, the better understanding of the role of socioeconomic status in one’s subjective assessment of social rank, the importance of this assessment dimension in the development of autonomy and self-esteem, and the importance of these results for the development of effective interventions to improve the adolescent’s mental health.
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuro-developmental disorder that starts in childhood and has a persistent pattern of behaviour involving lack of attention and/or hyperactivity-impulsiveness that interferes in social, academic or work processes, or reduces the quality of them. Through activities with games, children and adolescents improve memory, concentration, motor planning and time management skills. According to some studies these may present positive effects for the attention span, executive functions, working memory and other cognitive skills. However, there are few studies that explain their effects. This paper presents a systematic mapping study and underlines the direction taken by the empirical studies undertaken on the use of digital games in treating ADHD and ADD. A total of 12 articles, covering 2005 to 2015, were selected. The research questions behind the study were: RQ1 What particular characteristics have been investigated by researchers?; RQ2 What research methods have been used?; and RQ3 On which game has the study on ADD-ADHD been focused?. There are studies are focused on the risk of addiction, increased attention deficit or behaviour problems and studies evaluating the improvement in executive functions, reduction in hyperactivity and motivation. The research methods used were experimental and exploratory methods. Finally, the digital games are analyzed without distinguishing between the genres and theme of the game.
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The purpose of the study is to examine the pedagogical usability of interactive e-learning materials for foreign language practice. It is based upon two studies of the expected between-group and within-group differences among participants in the educational process. The sample consists of two groups – lecturers and students, a total of 100 participants, each evaluating four materials specifically prepared for this study. Two consecutive repeated measures ANOVA were conducted in which the gender/age, the position of the participants in the educational process, and usability dimensions were the independent variables. Results indicated that all independent variables and their interactions have a significant effects on the evaluations of the pedagogical usability. Women tend to assign higher values than men. Аge groups generally differ in their evaluations, although there is a tendency to give similar ratings for the individual dimensions of pedagogical usability. The 31-40 years age group evaluates the materials higher while the lowest evaluations are given by the groups of 21-30 and 50+ year old participants. Students tend to rate the pedagogical usability systemically higher than the lecturers. Usability dimensions also have a significant effect on evaluations. The most prominent feature of the materials, by a great margin, is their Applicability. The findings corroborate previous research which show age and gender differences in web usability do exist. We conclude that these differences exist as much in pedagogical usability as in technical usability. Further investigations are suggested to explore more deeply the differences in the perceived pedagogical value of e-learning materials as this has implications for instructional designers, teachers and learners alike.
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Przy całej swojej uwadze, koncentrującej się na jednostce i jej ostatecznym wyzwoleniu ze zła (cierpienia), myśl buddyjska pozwala sformułować pewne zasady etyczne odnośnie do życia społecznego. Niniejsze opracowanie najpierw wskazuje na ważniejsze aspekty społecznego charakteru człowieka i jego natury wraz z odniesieniem do współczesnej idei praw człowieka, również w wymiarze międzynarodowym. Następnie uwaga zwraca się ku życiu w małżeństwie i rodzinie jako szczególnie istotnej rzeczywistości w każdym społeczeństwie. Z kolei artykuł wskazuje na wiodące zasady etyczne we wzajemnych relacjach między władcą i poddanymi, z odniesieniem do dwóch głównych modeli rządów w społeczeństwie buddyjskim, opartych na przykładzie legendarnego cesarza Aśoki i mitycznego królestwa Szambala. Na koniec zarysowana została buddyjska wizja pokoju i wojny, historycznie ewoluująca, ale zawsze odwołująca się do jednej z najbardziej podstawowych zasad buddyzmu: ahimsa.
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The collected data is designed to provide information about differences in empathy, openness and marital satisfaction in couples with varying length of marriage and the relationships between the above mentioned independent variables, and perceived satisfaction with the marriage among tested dyads. The study included 40 couples (20 pairs with a short marriage experience – from six months to five years of marriage, 20 pairs with a long marriage experience–atleast twenty years of married life). Obtained statistically significant differences in the level of empathy for women and theirpartners. Wives’s empathy significantly out numbered men. Couples with a short experience, compared with pairs of long length of marriage, more often recognized as the most important value for them – love. Studies have shown that variable, that is the marital satisfaction dependson the mutual openness of partners. Confirmed statistically significant differences in the level of marital satisfaction between couples who obtained high and low rates of openness. Made the analysis confirmed the correlation between marital satisfaction and satisfaction with life among both short-term marriages and long term.
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The paper presents the contemporary concepts of information and psychological operation in the contemporary environment. The concepts were presented through general theoretical considerations by presenting leading theorists from the US, Russian Federation and the PR China. The concepts explain the goals, content and methods of acting on potential groups and individuals, and the means of information and psychological operation. The goal of the paper is to show that the research problem is not important exclusively for political and military systems, but that groups and individuals are particularly exposed to the challenges and threats in the contemporary environment. Various means of information and psychological activity in the contemporary environment (rumors, fake news) and their consequences such as changing attitudes and behavior of people in political and social processes are presented. An empirical account showing the importance of this topic is an analysis of the European institutions' activities in counteracting fake news during important political processes and elections for the European Parliament.
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The paper analyses Art. 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its implications for the position of persons with mental disabilities. The new concept of legal capacity contained in Art. 12 should ensure that fundamental human rights of these persons are no longer “a dead letter on paper”. However, once the Convention came into force, the implementation of this provision has proved to be problematic for States Parties. Diane Kingston, former Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, best expressed the scale of the problem in October 2015 when she emphasized that no country had until that point fully met the requirements contained in Art.12. Given that the Convention is a document that prescribes the fundamental human rights, the statement that no national legislation is consistent with its key provision is confusing and worrying. Therefore, a special attention should be paid to Art. 12 and its implementation in practice.
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The main aim of politicians’ actions (a struggle for power and retaining it) is connected with forming voters’ convictions, achieved, inter alia, with particular rhetorical strategies. Research demonstrated that in the analyzed material (programs of 11 Russian parties) three rhetorical strategies are employed: the lowering strategy, the elevation strategy and the theatricality strategy, implemented with the help of various tactics. The most frequently used strategy is undoubtedly the theatricality strategy, verbalized through the following tactics: encouraging, cooperating, separating, promising, anticipating and warning.
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Intercultural psychlogy is a discipline within cultural studies. It is of an interdisciplinary character, combining the philosophy of meeting, imagology, and discourse and becomes the part of the metadiscourse practiced by cultural comparative studies. The article attempts to test the tool in reading Irit Amiel’s stories. The author is an Israeli writer who, in The Seared, deals with the topic of the Holocaust. Her biography – Jewish in origin, with her childhood in Poland, and wandering around Germany and Italy, finally stopping in a Palestinian haven – testifies to her intercultural pedigree. Amiel takes up the subject of the Holocaust after almost fifty years of silence, and she does so by showing different cultural points of view. Intercultural psychology discovers the framework of social behavior in which the characters move. This tool allows us to show that today “being seared” is one of the constitutive features of the Jewish culture.
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