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The object of the article is the transformations of ideological and Weltanschauungs attitudes linked with the Eurocentric problem in Western philosophy. The author explicates the processes of hyperbolization of European culture and of hiperbolization of the Western scientific methodology in respect to different cultural researches. The article utilizes diverse interdisciplinary and comparativistic strategies which are applied in an analysis of complicated theoretical variations of the Eurocentric problem.
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This paper seeks to compare the influence of dimensions of cultural values of self-enhancement, self-transcendence, conservation, and openness to change on career goal among Gen-X and Gen-Y employees in selected Malaysian industrial companies. This study used the Social Cognitive Career Theory as its underlying theoretical framework. A total of 264 personnel from oil and gas, information, communication and technology (ICT), as well as banking and insurance companies participated in the study of whom 48 and 216 are Gen-X and Gen-Y employees, respectively. The multiple linear regression analysis found self-enhancement and conservation predicted significantly the career goal of Gen-X; while self-enhancement, self-transcendence, conservation predicted significantly the career goal of Gen-Y, with the explanatory power of the former (33%) being greater than the latter(28%). Recommendations for human resource management and future research are discussed.
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The task of the author of this article is to have a certain territory on the outskirts of Moscow – Sparrow Hills (Vorobyovy Gory, in the years of 1935–1991 Lenin Hills), which in terms of appearance, function, cultural and formed around the site of the mythological shell, differs significantly from the stereotypical assumptions about the totalitarian Soviet culture, also known as the Culture Two (V. Paperny). Already in the nineteenth century created some evidence to create in these hills a sanctuary of reason and civic virtue (which was to become the reincarnation of Temple of Christ the Savior). These mythic poetics have been perpetuated and reinforced by the famous oath of Alexander Herzen and Nicholas Ogarev (1827). In Soviet Russia, the Lenin Institute of Library Sciences, the visionary project by Ivan Leonidov, was planned to be built on the Lenin Hills, next to the Temples of Reason. Finally, a monumental building of Moscow State University, one of the symbols of Culture Two, was built. The space around him included numerous scientific institutions as well as Studio “Mosfilm”, the Palace of Pioneers, theater, circus, stadium and botanical garden. All this gave the hills the Leninist character of the elite. Symbolizing the ideals of the Enlightenment knowledge and progress, this heterotopy was the island of relative order, nobility and dignity in the Soviet sea of troubles, rudeness and humiliation.
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It is important today to prepare pre-service teachers to integrate social media tools into their lessons and to teach them how to use social media as a learning environment for educational context. Based on this, an undergraduate course was designed to fulfil this need. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the behaviours and perceptions of 27 pre-service teachers enrolled to a 14-week social-media enriched blended course. Facebook was used to support an out-of-class teaching and learning process. During the course, students developed educational content and were informed on how to use social media as a learning environment in an educational context. After implementation, they were asked to respond to an open-ended questionnaire related to the 14-week course process and social media usage in lessons. According to the findings, preservice teachers stated that the use of social media tools, in addition to face-to-face learning, can enhance the dissemination of announcements, communication between students and instructor, the sharing of instructional activities, discussions, and the use and creation of multimedia tools and applications 24x7, by extending the limits of normal class hours. Most also stated that they would use Facebook for material and announcement sharing once they were in-service teachers. In addition to Facebook, they emphasised that they would also use Prezi, Glogster, Mind Meister and Edmodo for their lessons and that they had learnt new concepts and social media tools during the course. They also suggested increasing the number of course hours and reducing course content per course session.
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Our study investigates an essential problem related to university teaching, namely continuous adaptation to the labour market standards and requirements, which at the curriculum level involves a correlation between learning objectives and competency profile requested and expected in the professional world. With respect to foreign language teaching for professional purposes, this correlation implies, among other things, the integration of intercultural dimension in the contents taught in order to provide the student with necessary skills and enabling him/her able to efficiently (inter)act in today’s multicultural labour market, and finally meet the needs of contemporary world. In this context, our research firstly offers a theoretical approach to the concepts of culture and interculturel, which are envisaged as landmarks in today’s foreign language teaching philosophy and which specify, through their specific objectives to be achieved, new standards that foreign language teaching must comply with. Our study also offers a theoretical framework to the particularities of foreign language teaching for professional purposes. This enables us to reformulate the initial objectives associated to foreign language for professional purposes by integrating the objectives related to the development of intercultural competence. Finally, this study also proposes a concrete course content of medical French based on the course already delivered to the students studying medicine in Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. The course has been remodelled so as to meet the objectives of intercultural competence. In doing so, we firstly analysed the topics included in the course content with respect to aspects related to culture or intercultural communication, and afterwards we provided a list of cultural- and intercultural communicationoriented topics that could be articulated around the already proposed content of a French course for medicine. This proposal is also accompanied by a series of methodological recommendations that should be taken into consideration prior to designing a course for medical French.
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In the area of Barcău Upper Valley, the first social actions begin before Christmas. First of all, the place where the rehearsals will take place is searched for and established: a house, a school, another building. The learning of the carols is done early, several times a week, by the lads of village getting together. A decisive role is taken by the mentors. The preferred way of transmitting carols is by word of mouth. Buying drinks proves to be an indispensable step that can take the form of a mini-ceremony, because its quality is top priority. The musicians are hired either from the village or from other places. Often, special attention is paid to the clothing to be worn in the Christmas Eve and their characteristic ornaments.
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Asta Õim, Katre Õim. Lähtekohti eesti fraseoloogia käsitlemiseks. Tallinn: EKSA, 2019. 383 pp. An overview of the book by Pille Eslon.
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The article elaborates on the public narratives of an Estonian cultural agent that testify to its rhetorical acculturation to the moral appeal of market-resilience and market rationalism. The cultural aspect of globalization is addressed by scrutinizing media messages that introduce Baltic art audiences to the contemporary global artworld. For that purpose, a discursive study of the press releases of the Art Museum of Estonia from 2006 to 2017 has been conducted. Depictions of the global artworld as a site of cultural anomie, belligerent rivalry and permanent societal crisis have been discussed as a neoliberal cultural fantasy that fosters and encourages aspiring contemporary artists to adapt to the opportunistic, competitive and survivalist role model of the entrepreneur of the self, as argued by Michel Foucault.
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The utilization of the street as an alternative and independent medium for transmission of radical political ideas is a form of civil disobedience manifested thus to a certain extent in a work of propaganda and is an example of creative idealism. In this case graffiti can be regarded as a non-violent protest that was theoretically described by Henry David Thoreau in the treatise on “The Duty of Civil disobedience”, a work that has become an essential part of anthologies of political and social philosophy. To a certain degree, in its visual format, graffiti is a continuation of the “samizdat” tradition dating back to the Soviet era, both in the sense of a socially critical message and in the use of an alternative medium. Proposing a new, tactical usage of technology critically directed against technocracy of contemporary society youth of the city is trying to occupy it’s public space by specific type of aesthetization and, in the same time, is delivering clear message. The goal of this paper is the reading and interpretation of messages of the images and texts in stencil – graffiti in Riga in the context of interplay between counter cultures, different minor social groups and their ideologies. The method used is social semiotic analysis. The results show that the criticism of technocratic capitalism, consu¬merism and the oppression of life and the nature are most important issues taken up by the authors of stencils.
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The article conceptualizes the audience of art organization, introduces the main art organization audience’s groups and analyzes the concept of relationship marketing in the context of art organizations. Relationship marketing tools are identified as an important instrumentality in order to develop and maintain networks between interested parties (various audience groups). The art industry is perceived as a medium for the implementation of relationship marketing. The theoretical platform model that is developed by art industry organizations is revealed as a universal and widely applicable tool among the biennials of contemporary art. The analysis of academic discourse presents the key groups of relationship marketing as well as dimensions which allows to evaluate the success of maintained networks. Following the features of public sector institutions a noticeable aspect in building relationships is the pursuit of economical benefit. Despite the economical benefits, interested audience groups of art organization are seeking of social benefits. At this point, the main relationship marketing dimensions – trust, commitment, satisfaction – are considered as a valuable measurement of the created platform network that reveals quality. It is concluded that arts organizations use appropriate relationship marketing tools to identify, establish, and main¬tain long-term relationships with their audience, for which the arts organizations provide additional organizational resources related to communication. The article presents an empirical study of the marketing relations of the biennial from research conducted in 2019 about the development of the biennial of contemporary art as an art platform where relationship marketing, as well as the main art organization audience groups, were presented. Case studies of the biennials of the contemporary art biennales Kaunas Biennial and EVA International were carried out. A qualitative study was chosen in order to empirically test the functioning of the theoretical model of the biennial as an art platform in terms of relationship marketing. Research data were collected using a qualitative (structured-standardized interview) research method. Following the analysis of the scientific literature and the empirical research data, guidelines for the development of an art organizations in terms of audience development were created.
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This article investigates the rise of the peasantry as new readers and Lithuanian intellectuals’ reactions to this phenomenon as they took the initiative in directing the peasants’ cultivation as readers. These intellectuals were concerned with the development of the peasants and sought to form their reading habits, influence the readers’ choices as to reading material, and so on. This article goes on to analyze how Žemaitė’s status as a peasant writer was established during her early reception, and how the evaluation of her work depended on the imagined addressee. By analyzing the reviews and broader studies of Žemaitė’s published works in the Lithuanian press from 1895 to 1915, this article aims to show that the formation of the common people as a potential and especially important national reading public was an integral part of her canonization process. Yet another important aim of this research is to reveal how the reception of Žemaitė’s works brought ordinary village peasant onto the horizon of modern Lithuanian culture, and how this became the foundation of one of the new literary styles in Lithuania, namely realism. In this way, by canonizing Žemaitė’s works, the life of village folk became not only visible and recognizable to the Lithuanian reading public, but also came to be regarded as a credible topic for realistic prose.
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Historical re-enactments have gradually become an indispensable element of public ceremonies and rituals commemorating the late 19th century national struggles for political independence in Bulgaria. Customarily accounted for as phenomena of popular culture or as manifestations of “banal nationalism”, historical re-enactments appear still rather understudied in Bulgaria, especially in terms of their performative aspects and affective power. The paper attempts to outline a research agenda for an anthropological study of the historical re-enactments of the “heroic times”, inspired by the theoretical insights of the recent performative and affective turns in the social sciences and humanities. The lines of inquiry, outlined in this paper, focussed on the viewpoint of the re-enactors, include: personal motivation, collective cause, and emotions aroused by the experience; attitude towards the public; spectacularity, theatricality and performance; scenographic and dramaturgical aspects; authenticity and historical accuracy concerns. The analysis is based on comments in specialized online forums for historical re-enactments in Bulgaria.
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Cultural understanding is a basis for competence-oriented general education. Teachers are responsible for applied content and methods that are used to purposefully lead school students to that result. The aim of this study is to identify actual goals for the development of teacher education curriculum, professional development, and teaching aids by investigating in-service teachers’ challenges in the successful promotion of students’ cultural understanding in general schools. The readiness of teachers to promote the cultural understanding of primary school students was explored in a mixed-methods study. The findings indicated aspects that teachers consider relevant as well as the main problems and gaps between theoretical principles recognised as essential by educational policy, and teachers’ beliefs and practices.
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The proposed research is directed at studying the impact of the intercultural educational space on the formation of intercultural competence of future teachers at a pedagogical higher education institution. To determine the levels of intercultural development, the authors adopted the Intercultural Maturity Model by P. King and M. Baxter Magolda. Having identified the initial, intermediate, and mature levels of intercultural development, the authors analyze the process of completion to the full development of intercultural competence. Experimental research was conducted in 2019 at the Institute of Pedagogics and Psychology at Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University, Ukraine. To conduct the study the authors opened the Intercultural Communication Center, whose activity was aimed at modeling and implementation of intercultural educational space at this university. The participants in this study were 63 future teachers (third-year students of the University). The pedagogical experiment included the following stages: preparation, diagnostics, formation, and control. The authors identified the intercultural orientation of the goals of the educational process and tasks at each stage. The following methods were used: analysis, survey, interview, conversation, methods of observation. During the pedagogical experiment, attention was focused on the formation of students’ intercultural abilities according to the content and structure of intercultural competence. The study showed a redistribution of respondents in groups – a significant decrease in the percentage of students on the Initial Development Level (the difference is 55.6%) and an increase on the Intermediate Development Level (the difference is 20.6%) and Mature Development Level (the difference is 34.9%). Statistics allow us to assert the significant dynamics of changes in group indicators by levels of intercultural competence at the beginning and end of the study. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the creation of the intercultural educational space at the higher education institution has a positive effect on the process of intercultural competence formation.
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By refering to the examples of different cultural traditions, Arūnas Sverdiolas in his study Constitution and Preservation described the mechanisms that are involved in the creation of culture – constitution and preservation. The goal of this article is to show how these mechanisms operated in the reality of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The article analyzes the roles that the Lithuanian political society gave to legislation, upbringing, historical narratives, heroic and occasional poetry while constituting and preserving itself.
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The hospital is characterized by one of the most formalized structures with a strict division of tasks and responsibilities. An essential element of any formal organization is the system of authorities and power. There is a hierarchy and a system of power between hospital departments and within each of them. This hierarchy structure overlaps with the level of power and status felt and perceived by each employee, which implies the emergence of specific emotions. They influence interactions, shaping their course. When describing emotions in the context of power and status, I will refer to Theodore Kemper’s concept that interactions and changes in the relative power and status (prestige) of individuals have an impact on arousing both negative and positive emotions. The aim of this article is to show how an individually-determined level of power and status can shape relations between employees, their methods of communication, and emotions in the workplace. The paper answers the question of whether and how having and/or feeling a certain status and level of power implies the emergence of certain emotions. It is important to reveal those activities and interactions which, as a result of a specific position in the hospital structure, shape and modify the emotions of medical personnel. All the considerations are based on ethnographic qualitative research conducted in three hospital departments, differing in terms of the nature of work in the department and the type of patients treated in each of them. The article describes three of the distinguished categories, i.e. “disrespect game,” ”holding emotions,” and pride. In the course of the analyses, it was found that hierarchy and a specific level of power implies the appearance of emotions of pride, satisfaction, and contentment, as well as it leads to an increase in the level of trust between members of medical personnel. Pride results from belonging to a specific profession and a specific group of employees, and it appears as the consequence of a well-conducted procedure or performance of a difficult activity that took time to master. Pride also emerges as a result of the prestige of the profession or workplace (hospital, ward).
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In times of radical transformation occurs aggravation of problems in the cultural sphere. It detects the absence of a common language. The crisis of the social structure is expressed in the decrease of cultural values trims not only in everyday life but also in literature, theater and other areas of cultural life. Information is easily converted into a self-centered experience serving misinformation and does not correlate with universal meanings. Language serves culture, rather than determining it. Etnomarginalny considered to be a person located on the conditional boundary between two or more ethnic groups, none of which it does not recognize fully their own. Accordingly, a group or layer etnomarginalny are people whose socialization took place in the framework of two cultures, two value systems, two behavior patterns – in short, everyone who is a carrier of different values and cultural patterns of conduct. Marginalized groups, as well as marginal individuals, being on the border of two linguistic cultures, is identification with each of them and at the same time asserts its own system of norms and values. For this group, with its uncertain status and unstable situation is characterized by external and internal contradictions and, as a consequence, the potential polyvector actions. These groups are characterized by excess and the average level for extreme parameters: negative, like suicidal tendencies, and positive, such as high creativity. Feature attitude etnomarginalny personality is that she, being simultaneously in two language cultural and value systems, is experiencing psychological dichotomy. In practice, this manifests itself in the use of people double behaviors, adherence to the different, sometimes incompatible traditions that at the level of subjective perception leads to the lability and instability of worldview and orientations. Being in such a situation, a person wishes to overcome the psychological and emotional state of duality; it is characterized by the pursuit of a certain ideal of a society that is often associated with an active stance on social and political issues (so the ethno-marginalized often play an important role in international conflicts).
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Review of: Jaroslav Ira - Marcel Thomas, Local Lives, Parallel Histories: Villagers and Everyday Life in the Divided Germany, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. ISBN 978-0-19-885614-6 Pp. 320 + 31 illustrations
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