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Oslavy štátnych sviatkov a pamätných dní a participácia príslušníkov maďarskej menšiny v Rožňave v medzivojnovom období

Author(s): Lucia Poláková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2015

The article describes the celebrations of momentous political holidays in Rožňava in the interwar period. It mainly deals with the national holiday of establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, birthday of the President T. G. Masaryk and Labour Day. The attention is focused on the analysis of the program during the celebration and a possible national conflicts in a multi-ethnic city Rožňava. At the end of the article there are mentioned holidays celebrated in Hungary and their impact on the Hungarian minority in the southern part of the Czechoslovakia.

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Johann Carl Zinner

Author(s): Peter Winkler / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2015

The study presents a brief biography of university teacher, scientist and intellectual Carl Johannes Zinner († around 1810). His activities are connected in a special way with Košice, he worked at the Royal Academy. Interest in the modern history of the United States led him to make contact with Benjamin Franklin. In consideration of this he obtained a special position in the history of Hungary and belonged to the important persons of history at the late 18th century. The study maps Zinner's life, work as well as scientific and political thoughts of Zinner to the recent or past events.

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Dynastické majetky Arpádovcov a kráľovské lesy v strednom Šariši

Author(s): Pavol Hudáček / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2015

Šariš existed within the large county of Novum Castrum (Ujvár) in the 11th – 12th century. In my paper, I attempt to more closely introduce the crucial medieval royal estates of Lipovec and Solivar, which belonged to the domain of Árpád dynasty in 12th – 13th century. They were the part of the royal Šariš forest (sárosi erdőispánság) in the neighborhood of the Slanské Hills. The proof of the existence of the royal Šariš forest can be found in historical sources in which it is mentioned mostly under the Latin term locus venationis or under the local Hungarian names, such as Nerlezhygh, Nyrlezhege, Nyrlyz; Bichachlesi, Bykachleswy, Bykachlesy; Keralzalasa, Kyralzallasa; Hulloudzalasa. All those names and terms suggest the existence of royal hunting lodges which were connected with royal road (via domini regis, magna via, via regalis) that kings used to move from one royal demesne to another. The royal roads linked the royal courts, villages and royal forests, where Hungarian rulers resided mostly because of hunting. On Árpád dynasty lands in middle Šariš, one could ﬁ nd churches or chapels the patrons saint of which were the saints symbolizing the dynasty tradition and the cult of saints from the royal family (Saint Stephen, Saint Imrich and Saint Ladislav). The historical presence of the churches demonstrates that the mentioned estates belonged to Árpád dynasty in the 12th century, if not sooner.

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WOMEN AND GENDER EQUALITY: JUSTICE OR CIVILIZATION?

Author(s): Mustapha Alhaji Ali,Halima Ali Buratai / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2020

The issue of gender justice has drawn the attention of gender scholars as does gender equality a justice or civilization. Because of this, the paper examined women and gender equality justice or civilization. In discussing these gender issues, several documents, reports, newspapers, magazines, archives, articles, journals, among others, were systematically reviewed to support the argument. Two theories were used in supporting the argument. These are Islamic Feminist and Liberal Feminist theories. The assumptions of these theories centered on gender equality and gender justice in society. The study found that gender equality is not civilization but justice. This is of the fact that both men and women are born equal and need equal justice for the development of the nation. The paper recommended that men and women should be given equal opportunity in all aspects of life in order to ensure gender justice. Parents and religious leaders should adhere to the principles of gender equality for the betterment of society.

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DETECTING THE IDEOLOGICAL POSITION OF POLITICAL ISLAM TOWARDS LIBERAL DEMOCRACY IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES

Author(s): Nikola Gjorshoski,Goran Ilik / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2020

The question of the correlation between Islam, political Islam and liberal democracy has so far been the most exposed topic in exploring the democratic capacity of political Islam and Islamic societies in general. What is particularly intriguing about the relationship between political Islam and liberal democracy is the fact of its westernized triviality that has received a pejorative tone in Islamic political circles. Simplified, the triviality of liberal democracy for the Islamic political campus implies imposing a model of democracy that cannot be fully compatible with the original Muslim notion of society and government. Hence, the following paper analyzes exactly the relations of political Islam to specific inherent categories of liberal democracy such as the rule of law, representative government, the separation of powers and secularism as diferenta specifica of liberal western democratic discourse. Through the methods of induction and deduction, the author will illustrate how appropriate tangent or divergence is illustrated and how this is reflected in the general ideological positioning of political Islam towards liberal democracy in Muslim countries through an axiological and praxeological perspective.

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MYANMAR’S FOREIGN STRATEGY TOWARD CHINA SINCE ROHINGYA CRISIS: CHANGES, OUTLOOK AND IMPLICATIONS

Author(s): Jaesoo Park / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Myanmar has crafted a neutral foreign policy since its colonial years to avoid leaning too much on any foreign power, but a spiraling political crisis at home is pushing it toward China as a buffer against international outrage. Myanmar faces charges of genocide against the Rohingya. China has backed Myanmar in the UN. In fact, China is in a similar situation. China is grappling with international criticism over perceived repression of ethnic Uighur people. Myanmar is exposed to various words and loud in the international community. So Myanmar wants to improve relations with China and is turning into an active cooperative attitude as a strategy to secure a friendly army. This paper shows how the diplomatic relations between Myanmar and China are changing, and how Myanmar’s foreign strategy toward China is approaching. Also this article analyzes the outlook of diplomatic relations and the implications of the current situation.

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COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF SOUTH SUDAN CONFLICT: DETERMINANTS AND REPERCUSSIONS

Author(s): Frederick Appiah Afriyie,Jian Jisong,Kenneth Yaw Appiah / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

South Sudan, which separated from Sudan in 2011 after nearly 40 years of civil war, was embroiled in a new devastating conflict at the end of 2013. This happened when political disputes coupled with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines became brutal. This conflict has mostly targeted civilians and most often, ethnic groups, and warring parties have been accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity. The conflict has resulted in a major humanitarian crisis, mass displacement and mass atrocities against South Sudanese citizens. Notwithstanding, instability in South Sudan has made the country one of the most dangerous countries for humanitarian aid workers in the world, especially as majority of them have lost their lives during their operation. In view of this, the article seeks to interrogate the main driving forces that triggered the deadly conflict and also the ramifications brought upon the population as well as the country.

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DRUG TRAFFICKING IN WEST AFRICA BORDERLANDS: FROM GOLD COAST TO COKE ACOST

Author(s): Collins G. Adeyanju / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Drug trafficking has become the new threat to the economic and political stability of the West Africa sub-region; by virtue of its new toga as the new transit hub for drug trafficking. 80% and 13% of seizures in cocaine transhipment annually of 60 – 250 tons to Europe and globally respectively, passes the West African maritime borderlands/coast. The informal economy based on drugs has replaces over $400 million contribution to the region’s GDP from fishing. The impacts of drug trafficking had had a long negative toll on the institutions of the states and state-building infrastructure in the region. Besides, intra-states conflicts, drug money and activities had exacerbated state failure in the region; notably in Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Guinea, etc. The West African Coast Initiative is making crawling impacts. Although, still in its pilot phase, it had enhanced coordination of intelligence in the region on drug trafficking and organized crime. However, it is still short of fundamentally addressing obvious policy gap, due to its lack of clear focus; plus, being only operational in just five West African states. This paper identified absence of comprehensive maritime coordination policy against drug trafficking in West Africa as the bane of the surge. Therefore, a tripartite approach, based on state, regional and global levels policy restructuring in the region is required.

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SEASONAL WORKERS BEFORE THE COVID-19 ERA: ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF EASTERN EUROPE

Author(s): Rossen Koroutchev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper analyzes the phenomenon of the seasonal workers in Europe before the Covid-19 pandemic and discusses the legislation for intermediation job intermediation agencies in several East European countries such as Bulgaria, Romania and Poland. Additionally we discuss the typical patterns for seasonal migration in European context. We also analyze the situation of seasonal workers in Scandinavia (the berry picking activity in Sweden), in Spain (the orange picking in the Mediterranean regions) as well as the Ukrainian seasonal workers in some of the Visegrad-4 countries (Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia). Finally, we briefly discuss some novel approaches which might be used as regulation mechanisms.

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THE EVALUATION OF RUSSIA'S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS GEORGIA FOLLOWING THE ‘ROSE REVOLUTION’

Author(s): Ekaterine Lomia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

For more than twenty-eight years, following the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russian-Georgian relations have been a substantial ground for mutual confrontation, sharp dispute, and a lack of trust. Continuous tensions and disagreements have adversely affected efforts to achieve a proper balance in bilateral relations between the neighboring countries and resulted in a number of direct and indirect confrontations. Whilst the Russian president seeks to restore Russia’s great power status, regain its past glory and control strategically important regions of the former Soviet space, Georgia, from the very first day of independence, tries to maintain its sovereignty and territorial integrity, develop modern state institutions, strengthen democratic values and integrate into the Euro-Atlantic structures. The paper aims to study Moscow’s current foreign policy strategy towards Georgia following the ‘Rose revolution’ and argues that Russia’s military intervention in Georgia, in August 2008, was a clear illustration of classical realism used by a great power in the XXI century. Russia actively uses hybrid warfare and regularly employs economic leverage on Georgia to eventually achieve its political ends in the Caucasus region.

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THE POSITION OF MINORITIES IN THE NEW STATE OF KOSOVO

Author(s): Bashkim Rrahmani / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Although the Republic of Kosovo is a multi-ethnic society based on its 2008 Constitution, one particular minority is more protected and enjoys more rights compared to the others. It is the ethnic Serb community that appears to be the biggest obstacle for the future developments in Kosovo. The attitude of this ethnic community towards the state of Kosovo determines the Kosovo inner developments; it determines the relationships between Kosovo and Serbia and it could have some impact in the entire region of the Balkans. Using the combined methodology with methods of historical analysis and a method of legal analysis the author will describe and explain the position of the national communities known as minorities, including the position of Serbian minority in Kosovo according to the Kosovo legal system and the international law. Minorities enjoy constitutional protection of their rights, whereas the Serb community and its position are different compared to the other minorities. The different position of Serb minority derives in some way from the obligations Kosovo has taken from the international community, especially from the obligations that come from the Comprehensive Proposal for the Kosovo Status Settlement. This paper gives an analysis of the legal infrastructure in order to explore if the existing legal infrastructure substantially ensures the minority rights and if it ensures their protection. The conclusions of the paper aim to contribute to the academic debate and the practical work in the field.

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SUSTAINING POWER THROUGH EXTERNAL THREATS: THE POWER OF ENEMY IMAGES IN RUSSIA AND AZERBAIJAN

Author(s): Aram Terzyan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Despite the growing body of research on authoritarian regimes, few studies address the issues of their legitimization through exaggerating external threats and constructing enemy images. Targeting the gap in the literature, this article explores the discursive strategies of ‘evilization’ and demonization of the ‘other’, with a focus on their implications for legitimating and sustaining the authoritarian regimes in post-Soviet space. Examining the cases of Russia and Azerbaijan, the qualitative, comparative analysis presented in this article uncovers a series of essential similarities between the regimes’ legitimization strategies. Findings suggest that there has been a strong tendency in both Russian and Azerbaijani discourses to ‘externalize’ major problems facing the countries and scapegoat ‘evil forces’ as their main causes. Frequent appeals to the external threats have been accompanied by a heightened emphasis on the necessity of strong presidential power, with ‘strongmen’ that are capable of withstanding the enemies’ conspiracies. Remarkably, one of the core similarities between the two regimes is their unstoppable drive towards monarchical presidencies.

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TURBULENCE ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY INFLUENCED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND FOREIGN POLICY INEFFICIENCIES

Author(s): Bonsu Kwadwo Osei,Jie Song / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

It is said that Data and Information are the new oil. One, who handles the data, handles the emerging future of the global economy. Complex algorithms and intelligence-based filter programs are utilized to manage, store, handle, and maneuver vast amounts of data for the fulfillment of specific purposes. This paper seeks to find the bridge between artificial intelligence and its impact on international policy implementation in the light of geopolitical influence, the global economy, and the future of labor markets. We hypothesize that the distortion in the labor markets caused by artificial intelligence can be mitigated by a collaborative international foreign policy on the deployment of AI in the industrial circles. We, in this paper, then proceed to propose a disposition forth essentials of AI-based foreign policy and implementation, while asking questions such as: could AI become the real ‘invisible hand’ discussed by economists?

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HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES IN THE TIME OF COVID-19

Author(s): Goran Ilik,Angelina Stanojoska / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl./2020

We’ve seen that living in a pandemic time is not easy at all. We had to stop our everyday lives, change the way we worked before, stay physically, but not socially distant to others, to postpone travelling for better times. Also, measures taken by states around the world, to slow the spread of the coronavirus, have shown that guaranteeing human rights and civil liberties during these times is and will be a challenge. The ongoing health crisis asked for extensive lockdowns, becoming also an economic and social crisis. It opened even deeper economic and social differences, affecting vulnerable social groups differently. States should use maximum action to save lives and slow the spread of the coronavirus, but should also minimize the negative consequences.

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IMMIGRANT PLAYERS IN THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL TEAM OF GERMANY AND THE QUESTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY

Author(s): Ahmet Görgen / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2021

This paper is based on the research related to the immigrant players in the national football team and the formation of national identity in Germany. Recent analyses reveal that the success of an immigrant player in the national sports team has been regarded as a useful factor to attract public attention to the contribution of immigrants to the progress of the country. During the matches, discourses coming from the fans depending on the result of the game. They target immigrant players as a scapegoat in the situation of loss. Indeed, this is visible in parallel with the increasing strong critics in the media against these immigrant players. In this paper, the case of Mesut Özil in the German National Football Team is analyzed. The case study offers evidence of whether the success of immigrant players has been an important factor for their inclusion in the national identity in Germany.

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ENERGY AND GEO-ECONOMICS: EVIDENCE UNDERPINNING RUSSIAN INTERVENTION IN SYRIA

Author(s): Nada El Abdi / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2021

Since September 2015 and the Russian military intervention in the country, the interests in Syria have been numerous and of great importance for the actors involved in this conflict. The interests in Syria are numerous and of great importance for the actors involved in this conflict. Russia, like the Allies and opponents of the Bashar Al-Assad regime, is fighting for geopolitical, geo-economic, or ideological reasons. The Middle East region finds itself shaken by the sharp resurgence of a confrontation between actors allied to the United States, other allies of Russia, and this Syrian crisis thus impacts the geopolitical configuration of the region. This paper presents an analysis of the Russian intervention strategy in Syria. We argue that Russia intervened in Syria to strengthen the already existing Russian-Syrian alliance, to curb extremist proliferation, and to take advantage of Syria's strategic position. The objective is to determine the reasons for the Russian military intervention in Syria related to energy and geo-economic interests. The Russian intervention in Syria was an ideal opportunity to draw closer to several powerful states in the region and a way to benefit from positive spin-offs on its arms market and hydrocarbon road plans. Despite the risks and costs associated with defending the Syrian regime, Moscow has secured its political and economic power in the Middle East.

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CLASSICISM AND ORIENTALISM IN THE LIGHT OF THE NEW GLOBALIZATION THEORIES

Author(s): Ljuben Tevdovski,Ile Masalkovski / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2021

The intense and dichotomous relationship between orientalism and classicism that has been created over the last decades of the XX century, reaches new dimensions through the rapid scientific growth, the discoveries of new historical sources and artifacts, and, most importantly, through the paradigms change in many scientific disciplines. This development is also influenced by the rapid and multifaceted societal transformations in the intensively globalizing world of the new millennium. In this context, the paper explores the new understandings of these two important conceptions in the research of the past, and their redefined scope and relation in the light of the globalization theories and through the paradigm of ancient globalization.

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A NARRATIVE OF THE JEWISH-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT: ISRAELI-JEWISH ACADEMIC VERSION – WHY? AND HOW?

Author(s): Daniel Bar-Tal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article tries to shed light on the following three questions: what were the goals of the Jewish Zionist leaders in the conflict with Palestinians? What was the process of breaking out the conflict between Jews and Palestinians? What was the conflict over the years? The answerers come from Jewish Israelis, which I analyze based on the academic literature. The well-defined idea to settle Jews in their old homeland appeared with the emergence of Zionism. It was a revolutionary ideology since Jews left/were expelled from their country about 2000 years ago. But there was one problem that stood as a barrier. There were Palestinians living in the same place, some for centuries, who also began to develop their nationalism. This fact opened an intractable conflict between Jews and Palestinians that had lasted for over a hundred years until present time. The article points out to the most important events and processes that shaped the conflict from escalation to de-e scalation and again to re-escalation.

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PRESENT AND FUTURE GEOPOLITICAL ROLE OF RUSSIA IN PUBLIC OPINION AND MEDIA DISCOURSE

Author(s): Nataliya M. Velikaya / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The problems of constructing a new national identity and preserving Russia’s influence in the post-Soviet space have become now particularly relevant in the framework of the global confrontation with the West and special military operation in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to analyze public opinion and political discourse regarding the geopolitical future of Russia in the context of modern conflicts of a regional and international nature.The empirical basis of the article is the results of the sociological monitoring How are you, Russia (1992–2024) and the data of content analysis of mass media during 2014 and 2022. The sociological monitoring survey allowed to study the dynamics of citizens’ perceptions of the geopolitical future of the Russian Federation and to trace the connection of the main trends with the indicators of consolidation of society included in the toolkit. The mass media discourse showed the strengthening of neo-imperial topics and allusions. The preservation of the integrity of the Russian Federation and its sovereignty in the long term does not cause doubts among population, even in the conditions of a crisis and an uncertain future associated with the formation of a multipolar world. Optimistic scenarios are considered, emphasizing the strengthening of Russia’s role in the new world order, and pessimistic ones, reflecting isolation models of development. Russia’s powerful progressive development in the future is associated with arguments and ideologems about Russia’s special path, the uniqueness of Russian civilization, which became one of the main topics in the Russian political discourse.

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The India-US Security and Defense Cooperation under Narendra Modi: Challenges and Assessments

Author(s): Hue Quach Thi,Hang Nga Le Thi,Oanh Nguyen Thi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This article studied the reality of India-US security-defense cooperation during the period under Narendra Modi’s leadership in India. The article employed realism, liberalism, and constructivism to analyze how India and the US strengthened their security and defense partnership. Research results found that, under N. Modi’s leadership since 2014, India-US security and defense cooperation changed significantly in quantity and quality. The article concluded that security and defense became important pillars of India-US relations. It was deepened and broadened as well as became more comprehensive. India became the US’s “major defense partner”. Despite the solid security-defense cooperation with the US, India could not become the US’s ally. On the other hand, “strategic autonomy” became a prominent feature of India’s foreign policy under N. Modi.

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