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Pro-Islamic Neophytes Regarded as Existential “Failure” of Globalization Processes

Author(s): Rustem Zhangozha / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The article observes the modern ethno-political and religious situation formed in today’s world.In the context of globalization and trans-cultural processes,the new unexplored forms of the ideology that influences social policies and procedures in the various regions of the world occurred.Primarily, these are quasi-Islamic marginalized group movements. In a pilot study, the author ponders the theme of the phenomenon of marginal quasi-religious entities

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კათოლიკობა საქართველოში რუსული მმართველობის საწყის ეტაპზე (XIX საუკუნის I ნახევარი)

Author(s): Kakhaber Surguladze,Irakli Baramidze,Khatuna Diasamidze,Tatiana Kopaleishvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 6/2021

From the 60s of the 17th century, members of the Capuchin Catholic Order came to Georgia periodically. At the end of the 18th century, with the support of the kings of Kartli-Kakheti (eastern Georgia) - Irakli II (1762-1798), George XII (1798-1800) and the king of Imereti (western Georgia) Solomon II (1789-1810), was given them a good arena for the propaganda and dissemination of Catholicism. The Catholic mission in the Akhaltsikhe region (southern Georgia), which was under the influence of the Ottoman Empire, was in an unfavorable situation. The establishment of Russia in eastern Georgia deprived the missionaries of the opportunity to freely spread their faith. Back in 1722, the Russian Emperor Peter the Great issued an order considering the conversion from Orthodoxy to another religion illegal. The Russian authorities considered missionaries to be spies of European countries and controlled their every step. Governor-General of Caucasus P. Tsitsyanov (1802-1806) sought to subjugate European Catholic missionaries to Russian clerical rule. Indeed, new Catholic churches were solemnly opened in Tbilisi and Gori in 1807 and 1819, but at the same time, the number of missionaries in Georgia decreased. As for the Georgian Catholics of southern Georgia, one part of them, because of the great study of the Armenians (they were in a privileged position in both the Ottoman and Russian empires), had already been Armenianized, while the other part was facing the same danger, which was directly or indirectly facilitated by Shahkuliani (Chilimuzashvili), a Georgian, who was seeking episcopacy.

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The Theodorian Carada’ s Memorandum and the activity of Nunziatura Apostolica Wienn in Romania during 1918

Author(s): Marian Zidaru / Language(s): English Issue: 66/2020

On 12 December 1917, Archbishop of Bucharest, Raymond Netzhaummer, sent a report to Teodoro Valfre di Bonzo, Nuncio of Austria-Hungary which includes a Memorandum of Theodorian Carada a Romanian fervent Catholique. This Memorandum contained a proposal, in fact, a plan of action, in which he advised the Holy See to profit of the situation of Romania and realize the union of the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. In this article, we present the Theodorian Carada’ s Memorandum and the attempt of Nunziatura Apostolica Wienn to realize the union of Romanian Orthodox Church with the Vatican during 1918.

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ANALYSIS OF THE RELIGIOUS POLICY OF KING OLAF I TRYGGVASON OF NORWAY ACCORDING TO MEDIEVAL SOURCES

Author(s): Mariam Gureshidze / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2022

In the medieval era the Viking warriors were savage invaders, active colonizers, merchants, mercenaries, shipbuilders, who in the VIII-XI centuries established settlements on the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland. Conquered the territories of Scotland and Ireland, a significant part of the Frankish and English kingdoms. Reached North America, Spanish coast, Italy. Trade settlements were established in the east, in areas inhabited by Slavs. The process of forming the culture of this community is linked to successful foreign and domestic achievements. Due to this, there is a growing interest and relevance in the historiography about the Viking Age as a subject of study. There has been a particular interest in the subject of research in recent years. There are numerous scientific papers, where this era has been studied in great detail. Therefore, the present review doesn’t claim to present this issue in a comprehensive, exhaustive manner. We aim to give the reader a general idea of the importance of the data, stored in the sources in study of this epoch. The fact, that almost nothing has been written on this topic in Georgian historiography so far, makes us talk about this difficult issue. The practical purpose of the case study is to draw conclusions and comparisons, which will provide some assistance to scholars interested in both medieval European history and Scandinavian issues. The work of King Olaf I of Norway (995-100) Tryggvason, before and after his coronation, contains a great deal of interesting information, both in Scandinavian region and beyond. Obviously, it is impossible to discuss the material in one paper and this issue may be devoted to a separate scientific study. We tried to show the role of the king in the process of spreading new beliefs and analyze his work based on various sources.

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Tratatul de la Lisabona și cultele religioase

Author(s): Rareș-Ștefan Ionescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-3/2022

The Christian Churches have been and are a fundamental pillar of Europe since the beginning of Christianism. The socio-political developments of recent years have required that this close connection to be validated by law, in Article 17 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, a document part of the Treaty of Lisbon. With many challenges, Article 17 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union was finally adopted, confirming the respect that the European institutions pay to the religious sphere. This article aims to give a brief overview of how the European Union relates to religious denominations in its territory.

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ისლამური ფაქტორი კოსოვოს კრიზისში

Author(s): Levan Tarieladze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 2/2022

The end of the "Cold War" laid the foundation for important political processes around the world. Especially in Europe, where many countries have experienced territorial changes, some have even been formed anew. Among the most outstanding of the mentioned processes are the events developed on the Balkan Peninsula, in the territory of the former Yugoslavia, where the disintegration processes developed with unprecedented cruelty and tragedies after the World War II. On the basis of ethnic, linguistic and religious differences in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia consisting of six republics and two autonomous provinces (Kosovo and Vojvodina - Serbia), the humanitarian disaster that developed in the heart of Europe shook whole Europe and the world in general.From the wars of Yugoslavia, with its cruelty, scope and international involvement, the events of Kosovo stand out, which is a special and arguably the most resonant event of the post-Cold War world politics, the development and content of which were influenced by many factors. One of the main ones was the Islamic factor, since 90 % of Kosovo population was made up of ethnically Albanian Muslims. Islam is widespread in the Balkans, a region that has always had an exceptionally complex ethno-religious picture. The escalation of the crisis in Kosovo forced the Islamic states of the Middle East to pursue a forced foreign policy in the region. The Persian Gulf countries began to direct significant financial flows to the Balkans. Charitable foundations and organizations were launched, such as "Al Haramein", "Kosovo and Chechnya Aid Committee", "Kosovo Aid Committee" and others. As a result, Islam in the Balkans has become a serious political factor that affects the contemporary international relations of the region.

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THE WAY FORWARD FOR SOCIAL POLICY IN AMERICA IN THE MIDST OF CONFLICTING RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

Author(s): Eze Simpson Osuagwu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

This paper discusses the way forward for social policy in America considering the conflicting religious and political ideologies that confront the polity. The paper applies Secularized Evangelical Discourse to analyze the position of the religious right, New Christian Right and mainstream evangelicals to seek answers on the way forward for the American welfare state. This paper argues that the debates between left-wing liberal Democrats and right-wing conservative Republicans have generated an ideological fulcrum that sometimes destabilizes, but often ensures stability for democratic checks and balances. The paper therefore suggests that the way forward for effective social policy implementation is to embrace a secularized notion of moral justice that admits equity, fair play and true statesmanship.

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Prophetic Populism and the Violent Rejection of Joe Biden’s Election: Mapping the Theology of the Capitol Insurrection

Author(s): Matthew Rowley / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

For President Donald Trump’s most committed Christian devotees—those with ears to hear—his rise to power was prophesied, and the 2016 victory was miraculous. Prophets again foretold re-election in 2020. These charismatic Trump supporters tended to come from outside the main denominations, and when the electoral college swung towards Joe Biden, the results were not accepted. In rejecting the election, they became fellow travellers with more overtly militant and conspiratorial groups—sometimes sharing a stage with them. This article describes the discourse of prophetic populism from 2011 to 2021—focusing in particular on the three months from the 2020 election to the storming of Capitol Hill to the inauguration of Joe Biden. Although Trump repeatedly says, ‘Promises Made, Promises Kept’, these prophetic promises did not materialise—leading some to try to force God’s hand. This article explores the reaction to three consecutive disappointments that took their toll on prophetic populism: the declaration of Joe Biden as president-elect in November 2020, the certification of his victory in early January 2021 and the inauguration later that month. It demonstrates the power of a relatively new force in conservative politics, the flexibility of beliefs in divine involvement and the resilience of these beliefs in light of weighty disconfirming evidence.

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THE ACTS OF FR. MATTEO RICCI IN CHINA: A MISSIONARY FRIENDSHIP IN DIALOGUE AND DIALECTIC

Author(s): Tianyi Yuan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Rather than being a condescending and coercive missionary, as many later Christians did in non-Western countries during the colonial era, Fr. Matteo Ricci, S.J., approached the Chinese with humility and candidness. With humility and openness to learn, Ricci adopted the elegant Chinese classical way of living and became the Chinese people’, or at least Confucian intellectual elites’ friends. Ricci also believed that the Chinese could become Chinese Christians in their own way, rather than became like Europeans to be Christians. In this paper, I divide Ricci’s missionary activities in China into three steps: Firstly, Fr. Ricci created a friendship through humility. Secondly, learn from the Chinese to be accepted as a friend or intellectual-cultural “equal.” Thirdly, with mutual respect, virtuous common ground and Friendship, Ricci initiated his “missionary dialectic,” or a Communication of Christian Truth, with the Chinese people. To provide evidence, I draw from two of Ricci’s major works written in classical Chinese, i.e., Jiao You Lun, Treatise on Friendship and Zhenzhu shi’yi, i.e., the True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven. The Treatise is Ricci’s gift to a Chinese prince introducing the commonality between the Chinese and “Western” concept of friendship , and the other one is a imagined dialogue between a Chinese gentleman and his Western Christian friend. By making my argument, my paper should demonstrate that conflicts may be solved through mutual respect, and, through dialogues, friendship can be built between those who are very different.

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PERSECUTION, A MIX OF POLITICS AND RELIGION – A HISTORICAL LOOK FROM THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET DANIEL

Author(s): Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The book of the prophet Daniel, in chapter 3, presents an episode in the life of the king Nebuchadnezzar, who made an image of gold, 60 cubits high and 6 cubits wide, and set it up in the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon, and the king sent to gather there all the villagers, rulers, governors, judges, treasurers, all the rulers of the provinces to come to a great ceremony of dedication of the image set up by the king. In this setting everywhere the emperor Nebuchadnezzar appears in the centre: he had the idea and gave the order to make the image, he called and gathered all the dignitaries, he commanded them, he organized everything. Even though Daniel does not tell us anything precise about the timing of those events, it is interesting that the prophet Jeremiah writes about a delegation that went to Babylon, an event with which Jeremiah entrusted Seraiah with a scroll to read in Babylon. In the context of those events described by Daniel, the political power sets up a burning fiery furnace next to the object of worship, the golden image in the valley of Dura, with a very clear message to all that those who do not worship the image will end up in the fiery furnace. The three young Jewish slaves in Babylon, who were high dignitaries of the empire, were asked to perform an act of worship, a religious gesture, specific to the Babylonian religion, which was against their religion. The refusal of a religious act on the part of the three young men was politically interpreted and drastically condemned by throwing them into the fiery furnace. The miraculous intervention of the God of the Jews to save them from the fiery furnace caused the king to change his attitude on the spot and to order all those in his empire, under penalty of severe punishment, not to dare offend the God of the Jews, whom the three young Jewish dignitaries worshiped and trusted.

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HOW SHOULD THE CHURCH RESPOND WHEN FACED WITH A TOTALITARIAN REGIME?

Author(s): Sorin Bădrăgan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Despite the advances the contemporary world has made in respect of many aspect of its life, the church still faces significant challenges posed by the totalitarian regimes. This paper aims to explore the ways in which the church should relate to a totalitarian regime. In order to do that, the functions of the state as well as the mission of the church will be taken into consideration. In the light of the main issues raised by the totalitarian regimes, there will be suggested various ways in which the church could respond.

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HUMAN VALUES REFLECTED IN SERVICE AND SOCIAL COMMITMENT OF ORTHODOX PASTORAL THEOLOGY

Author(s): Cristian Vasile PETCU / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In the Orthodox pastoral sense, the action of helping others through prayer represents a concrete and direct way of supporting others. This work has an extraordinary spiritual character based on inner feelings and experiences of faith, which reveals the fundamental tension of Orthodox theology that resides in the protective communion of the ecclesiological space and the involvement in prayer for others, for the whole world. It is a sharing in the Mysteries of the Church of Christ and perfect involvement in the work of the Church through prayer for the elevation of the entire creation to deification. A contemplation and a praxis. It is an apparently paradoxical polarity, because it achieves a withdrawal from society, misunderstood as a rejection of the secular world, and at the same time an awareness of the secular dimensions that need to be embraced by Christ. Although they seem like two contradictory directions, they cooperate and are complementary. In the Orthodox tradition there is no tension in this kind of understanding of the world, because its inclusive attitude is addressed to all of creation. In fact, it is not something new in the field of theology, but proof of the fact that pastoral theology reflects the human values of serving one’s neighbor based on a lasting social commitment. It is in fact the study that this paper aims to explore.

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ASPECTS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHURCH AND STATE

Author(s): Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The subject of human rights is and always will be topical. The state, as an institution, must deal with its citizens. There is a social contract between the state and its citizens and on the basis of this contract the state must perform certain functions through which its citizens are served. The Church does not and should not deal with citizens. The Church has a much wider sphere of involvement, namely the Church deals with people in a general way, regardless of nationality, nationality, age, gender, education, wealth, etc. Conflict has existed since the beginning of time. Conflicts are based on differences that become disturbing to others: differences of ideas, differences of religion, differences of desires, interests that become contrary and actually generate conflict. Based on one’s world and life view, people act on conflicts.

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MOTIVATION OF QANON CONSPIRACY THEORIES APPROPRIATION BY CHRISTIANS AND THE EXPANSION OF THE PHENOMENON IN 2022

Author(s): Iulian Dinulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 83/2022

Although the QAnon movement is regarded as an extreme right-wing movement whose members have exposed conspiracy theories apparently unrelated to the Christian religion, scientific research and journalistic investigations of the phenomenon have revealed that some of the movement’s adherents are religious people, members of Christian parishes or congregations in the United States of America or in other countries where the phenomenon has spread. This article will highlight the appropriation of QAnon conspiracy theories by members of some Christian churches or congregations, beliefs viewed with concern by the pastors of the respective religious communities, who are sounding the alarm regarding the development of religious feelings based on biblical precepts combined with QAnon conspiracy theories. The use of scientific tools, such as conducting opinion polls in highlighting the trend of the phenomenon, has revealed that the number of those who adopt the QAnon conspiracy theories is increasing, in just four months, from February to June 2022, the number of Americans who believe in these theories has increased by over three million.

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DREPTURILE OMULUI, LIBERTATE DE CONȘTIINȚĂ, TOLERANȚĂ RELIGIOASĂ ȘI INFLUENȚA IUDEO-CREȘTINĂ

Author(s): Ruben Ologeanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2022

In the present work we will analyze, on a first level, the connection between the concept of human rights and freedom of conscience viewed distinctly and the elements of a religious nature that stand behind these concepts. Currently there are two major approaches to the existence of a link between rights and freedoms, on the one hand, and religious concepts on the other. Thus, there are authors who accept and implicitly support a real connection between them and religious language, and some even consider this connection indissoluble, while other authors consider that, in fact, religion restricts the full manifestation of these fundamental rights and freedoms through norms and customs its. There is an easily perceptible symmetry between the two ways of relating to the mentioned concepts. The second level of analysis points out in particular the similarities and differences between human rights and freedom of conscience, concepts that are often considered synonymous. In our analysis we will show that although they are sometimes used interchangeably, they are essentially two distinct realities. In the same framework, we will also highlight the significant differences between religious freedom and tolerance that fall into two independent taxonomic categories. The examples used use historical landmarks on an axis of intersectionality between religion, history and politics and are intended to help us conceptualize the theoretical elements underlying the concepts presented.

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NAJBOLJE POLITIKE U SLUŽBI SVEOPĆEG BRATSTVA

Author(s): Jakov Rađa / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2022

The encyclical Fratelli tutti can be considered as an important hermeneutic key for understanding the pontificate of Pope Francis, because he began his papal ministry with a prayer for brotherhood in the world, and now he has approached the topic of brotherhood in a comprehensive and engaged way. At a time when the ecological crisis is spilling over into endangering fundamental relationships between people, and between peoples and nations, the Pope has made his own syntagma of St. Francis – Fratelli tutti. The encyclical, in addition to its theological character, has a pronounced political aspect that extends throughout the document, which aims to influence a change in political understanding and also in the consciousness and conscience of those who deal with politics. The Pope’s intention, of course, is not to write a political manifesto for the Church or to take a political side, but to offer inspiration to politicians and influence the formation of a new political culture with the Gospel. The inspiration that the encyclical Fratelli tutti sets out to provide for politics and politicians is summarized in four criteria for the renewal of political action, namely: interpreting the sentiments of the people in order to enable the search for the common good (cf.: FT 159), promoting the culture of work (cf.: FT 161), giving preference to the last (cf.: FT 187), and cultivating a spirit of openness to all (cf.: FT 190). Starting from these criteria, Pope Francis formulates the positions that good politics should advocate, namely: giving priority to the general use of goods in relation to private property (cf.: FT 120), positive discrimination toward poor and underdeveloped countries (cf.: FT 138 ), the priority of multilateral policy in relation to bilateral policy (cf.: FT 153), the acceptance and integration of migrants (cf.: FT 129), the inclusion of minorities in the broader concept of citizenship (cf.: FT 131), and the exclusion of war as a political option (cf.: FT 257-258).

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Πασχάλης Μ. Κιτρομηλίδης, Θρησκεία και πολιτική στον Ορθόδοξο κόσμο. Το Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο και οι προκλήσεις της νεωτερικότητας (Religie și politică în lumea ortodoxă. Patriarhia Ecumenică și provocările modernității), cuvânt înainte de Mitropol

Author(s): Ștefan PETRESCU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4-6/2022

Review of: Πασχάλης Μ. Κιτρομηλίδης, Θρησκεία και πολιτική στον Ορθόδοξο κόσμο. Το Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο και οι προκλήσεις της νεωτερικότητας (Religie și politică în lumea ortodoxă. Patriarhia Ecumenică și provocările modernității), cuvânt înainte de Mitropolitul Ioannis al Pergamului, Tesalonic, Ed. Epikentro, 2021.

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Uloga katoličke crkve u procesu stvaranja neovisne Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Franjo Topić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2022

Independence Day is very important for every country and nation, it should be a magnificent date and celebrated throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unfortunately, it became problematic in Bosnia and Herzegovina, because the majority of the Serbian people did not go to the referendum or vote on February 29 and March 1, 1992 for the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The rhetorical question that arises today is what was our fate that day. And the question is, could it have been different? The answer was to stay in a truncated Yugoslavia, and Montenegro did not remain either, or to vote for independence. It is known that close to 65 percent of citizens with the right to vote turned out and close to 98 percent of them voted for the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The said percentage of 65 percent of the turnout suggests that Croats and Bosniaks and some Serbs voted for independence. The church, local and general, unreservedly supported Bosnia and Herzegovina and not only Catholics but also all citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina. HKD Napredak, although newly renovated (1990), contributed a lot to the cultural development of Sarajevo and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and became a significant factor on the social level as well.

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Ivan Vitez – slavonski plemić, zagrebački kanonik, ugarski primas, promicatelj humanizma: Znanstveni skup povodom 550. godišnjice smrti (Zagreb, 16. rujna 2022.)

Author(s): Matea Jurić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 63/2022

Report on the conference “Ivan Vitez – slavonski plemić, zagrebački kanonik, ugarski primas, promicatelj humanizma” held in Zagreb on September 16, 2022.

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MEDIATION PROCEEDINGS WITHIN THE DRUZE COMMUNITY: TRADITION V. MODERNITY

Author(s): Imad Abu Reesh / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2022

Mediation is an alternative conflict-resolution method, in the framework of which the parties to the dispute engage in negotiations in order to resolve their disagreements. Druze Religious Courts are part of the court system in the State of Israel. The Druze Religious Courts Law, 5723-1962 was enacted in 1962, leading to the establishment of those courts. Since that time, members of the congregation have litigated before Druze religious courts, and Druze Qadis entered their judgments according to the rules of marriage law that are taken from Druze religious law and Druze custom. The Druze religion has also acknowledged the concept of mediation, and especially with respect to disputes that involve spouses. In the context of mediation, it should be remembered that the privilege and necessity of understanding, assessing and being creative belongs to the parties. Therefore, the [facilitation] of agreements and the “closure of files” are not the true standard by which the success of mediation proceedings is measured in terms of their social-educational aspects. The true standard consists of the degree of transformation experienced by the parties in all matters that pertain to their belief in their ability to manage their relationship and their disputes in the future.

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