"Informacija" i teorija komunikacije - Bilješke za buduću povijest tog koncepta

Author(s): Hanno Hardt / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 01/1987

A historical analysis of the concept of information, within communication theory, begin with its determining as a historical framework, a socio-cultural context for the study of media and communication; information as knowledge, and communication as the integration and transformation of the different segments of society. Information is defined as a form of practical knowledge in the process of change and the realization of a democratic society. With the stressing of a scientific, empirical, analysis of society the scientific status of information is getting stronger. Such an approach relies on the model patterns of analysis with a stress on cybcrnetical and mathematical problems. More ambitious, globally directed approaches connect this approach with general system theory. A fundamental limitation of this model conception of information manifests itself in the production of distorted images of social reality and of complex human interaction.

"Plutajući označitelji": pregovaranja oko značenja nacionalnog u Crnoj Gori na Internet-forumu Café del Montenegro

Author(s): Čarna Brković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2008

The paper represents the analysis of the narratives that deal with the sentiment of national belonging in Montenegro within the chat room Café del Montenegro. The practice of the Internet chat room users is perceived as cultural engagement – „practicing" the State and the emotion of national identification of its own kind. By writing, arguing, negotiating the meaning of the state and nation an abundance of different and broken knowledge’s are created- many histories, geographies, ethics and politics are offered. On the one hand, these directly undermines, jeopardizes and questions the power of the State narrative, hitherto negotiating the nation, the State, authentic devotion, simultaneously manufacturing the state-nation as a reality. The result of mutual correspondence in the chat room is persistent negotiation of the meaning of national categories in Montenegro over the years.

30-second politics, 30 years too late: Political TV advertising in Swedish election campaigns, 2006–2018

Author(s): Marie Grusell,Lars Nord / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2019

Televised political advertising appears in very different national political communication contexts. Sweden is an interesting case study. For many years, political ads on TV were not allowed at all. However, with the transition from analog to digital terrestrial television the public service obligations of the “hybrid” channel TV4 were dismantled. In the 2010 national election campaign, all Swedish parliamentary parties bought advertising time on TV4. This article intends to shed new light on political TV ads as a new campaign feature in a rapidly transforming political communication environment. The study relates to the concept of hybridization of election campaigns and intends to increase knowledge about hybridization processes by focusing on a critical case where one of the most adopted campaign practices worldwide is finally implemented within a specific national context and deviating political culture.

Agents Politiques et Discursifs de La Modernité Roumaine. Origines, Hésitations, Malentendus

Author(s): Raluca Alexandrescu / Language(s): French / Issue: 3&4/2019

Representing states and citizens in the political rhetoric and construction of the XIX century means investigating the origins of such discourses in the political thought. In the Romanian case, one should get a closer look into the ways of intellectual nurturing in the rising of a Modern political elite in the XIX century, especially in the aftermath of 1848 Revolution and of the 1859 Union. The political agents of this period are to be analyzed in a broad theoretical and rhetorical framework, conditioned by philosophical and historiographical discontinuities between the periods. One should see and interpret in that sense the intellectual sources, the political and institutional framework of that time, that could draw a more accurate image of what political power and agents’ discourse meant at that time and how it influenced, for that matter, the further construction of modernity during the XX and XXI centuries.

Amerykańskie oceny dotyczące ingerencji Rosji w przebieg wyborów prezydenckich w USA

Author(s): Marcin Andrzej Piotrowski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2017

Opublikowane dotychczas materiały amerykańskiego wywiadu potwierdzają ingerencję służb specjalnych Federacji Rosyjskiej w przebieg kampanii prezydenckiej w 2016 r. Ujawnienie zdobytych za pomocą cyberoperacji dokumentów kompromitujących Hillary Clinton wpłynęło na jej porażkę oraz na sukces Donalda Trumpa. Ambitna operacja Rosjan ma poważne konsekwencje dla nowej administracji USA, jej polityki zagranicznej i działalności wywiadu. Także po zaprzysiężeniu Trumpa kontynuowane będzie bowiem śledztwo FBI wobec niektórych jego doradców. Będą się także toczyć dwa dochodzenia Senatu w sprawie błędów w działalności wywiadu i w cyberobronie USA.

An active local public sphere: the role of new media in creating a contemporary local democracy in the case of Poland

Author(s): Ilona Biernacka-Ligięza / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Globalization does not render locality irrelevant, but challenges it, as was emphasised, for instance, by the concepts of glocalization (Featherstone, Lash, & Robertson, 1995, pp. 25–44) or translocality (Appadurai, 1996). In general, these concepts suggest that encounters of the local and the global can be productive in terms of modifying locality by placing it in the wider context of the global and vice versa. In the case of using digital technologies in a local context, we are not interested in the width but in the depth. Looking at the implementation of the digital technologies in local communities, we are not concerned with the question of how the local gets modified by the global, but if it can become intensified. Some scholars provide sceptical accounts of the decaying sense of participation in the life of local communities and argue that in the late modern period real (off-line) local communities dissolve into isolated individuals (Putnam, 2001). Potential intensification of the local participatory energy on and through the internet is therefore more important in that it is missing even in the real life of local communities.

Analiza obilježja poštanske mreže u Bjelovarsko-bilogorskoj županiji

Author(s): Katarina Mostarac,Zvonko Kavran,Petar Feletar / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 13/2019

According to the regulatory framework, universal service in the postal system ought to be accessible to all citizens of the Republic of Croatia under equal and transparent conditions, regardless of their geographical position. The universal service provider has to establish the postal network in such a way that the elements thereof be accessible to all citizens. The accessibility of the elements of the postal network and services is ensured by regulatory criteria (international and domestic regulations) that the universal service provider ought to fulfil. The organisation of the postal network in rural areas is rather demanding, since the network has to ensure accessibility in order to fulfil the universal service obligation even under the conditions of reduced economic activity. The paper analyses the status of postal network accessibility in the Bjelovar-Bilogora County. This will also enable the analysis of the regulatory criteria and their impact on the actual accessibility of the postal service.

AUTONOMY VS INSTRUMENTAL NATURE OF THE MEDIA

Author(s): Sławomir Soczyński / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Autonomy of the media and their instrumental character. Both the media and politics or business are subsystems that are part of the general social system. The relations between them are not free from mutual attempts to exert influence. Trends present in the world of politics and in the business world for the domination of the media and their instrumentalization for non-media purposes are a problem that is not new and still valid. They result to a large extent from a different understanding of the scope of media autonomy by individual entities of the social system. This article attempts to indicate the scope of media autonomy, and more specifically, to determine what autonomy decides about this autonomy. The basis for the analysis will be two theories of the system – Niklas Luhmann and Talcott Parsons – differently captivating autonomy of the elements belonging to it and the relations between them.

Between Anarchy and Censorship

Public discourse and the duties of social media

Author(s): Judit Bayer / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2019

Social media platforms have become powerful enough to cause perceptible effects in societies on a global scale. They facilitate public discussion, and they work with excessive amounts of personal data – both activities affecting human rights and the rule of law. This specific service requires attention from the regulator: according to this paper, a new legal category should be created with clear definitions, and a firm delineation of platforms’ rights and responsibilities. Social media companies should not become responsible for third-party content, as this would lead to over-censorship, but they should have the obligation to create and maintain safe and secure platforms, on which human rights and the rule of law are respected.

Between overt disinformation and covert practice. The Russian special services’ game

Author(s): Jolanta Darczewska / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2019

It is generally believed that one sign that the secret services are doing their job well is that the media says nothing about them. In this respect, Russia is a special case: the services receive an excess of media coverage. This is only partly due to the media’s natural interest in an attractive subject, as well as the services’ own selfpromotion (although that is increasingly true around the world). In fact, it is a symptom of Russia’s information warfare, in which the special services’ public image is just one block in building the appearance of a strong state and a strong government. It also justifies and legitimises the high position which the services and elite members of the institutions of force enjoy in the Russian Federation’s political system. However, this artificial, mythologised image of the services conflicts with their non-public practices. These are revealed when their cover is blown, when journalists investigate criminal scandals involving the services, when controlled and uncontrolled leaks of compromising information take place, and when the opposition publicises cases where the special services violate fundamental rights and civil liberties – something they often do under the pretext of fighting the ‘fifth column’ of the West, international terrorists and foreign spies. This produces two different images of the services: the official one and the common one. The former presents the services as professional, patriotic and a stronghold of traditional values, Russia’s ‘sword and shield’; the latter shows them as pampered by the regime, lawless, corrupt and undisciplined, involved in brutal competition with one another, bureaucratised and criminalised.

Birgit Vierling, Kommunikation als Mittel politischer Mobilisierung. Die Sudetendeutsche Partei (SdP) auf ihrem Weg zur Einheitsbewegung in der Ersten Tschechoslowakischen Republik (1933-1938)

Author(s): Marco Zimmermann / Language(s): German / Issue: 3/2015

Review of: Birgit Vierling: Kommunikation als Mittel politischer Mobilisierung. Die Sudetendeutsche Partei (SdP) auf ihrem Weg zur Einheitsbewegung in der Ersten Tschechoslowakischen Republik (1933-1938). (Studien zur Ostmitteleuropaforschung, Bd. 27.) Verl. Herder-Inst. Marburg 2014. X, 592 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3-87969-382-5. (€ 49,–.). Reviewed by Marco Zimmermann.

Cas Mudde & Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser 2017. Populism: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 131, ISBN 9780190234874

Author(s): Elena Negrea-Busuioc / Language(s): English / Issue: 23/2019

China’s Public Diplomacy on Social Media

Author(s): Marcin Przychodniak / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2019

China’s authorities are expanding the promotion of Chinese politics abroad through social media such as Twitter and Facebook, popular in Europe and the U.S. but blocked in China. In recent months, many Chinese diplomatic missions and ambassadors have set up accounts on these platforms, and Twitter profiles had already been established by prominent state media employees. Through their interactions with users and positive presentations of Chinese policy, they seek to change attitudes to China in European and American societies and sway experts and political leaders in their countries. Although these actions are in the preliminary stage, the Chinese authorities will try to expand their influence on the decision-making processes in the EU and U.S.

Collaboration and fusion of Basque local media: opportunities for development and for citizen participation

Author(s): Eneko Bidegain,Aitor Zuberogoitia,Txema Egaña,Ainhoa Larrañaga / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

The local professional press in Basque started around 1989–1990. It has been predominantly located in villages, but from 2000 onwards it began to spread through the valleys and regions. This process is not yet complete. As such, this chapter aims to analyse the mechanisms of collaboration among Basque local media, which are using new technologies and striving to develop community participation. The Basque language is spoken in the Basque Country, and is a minority language due to the linguistic policies of Spain and France, which impose Spanish and French as primary languages but do not confer the same rights on Basque. The Basque language is not official in the northern (French) part of the country; it is co-official in the southern (Spanish) part, but only Spanish is obligatory. Thus, there is a situation of diglossia throughout the Basque Country, in which the Basque language is always the weaker.

Comparison of Ivan Mažuranić's Political Writings with the Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language

Author(s): Josip Miletić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The paper analyzes and compares Mažuranić’s political writings published in 1848 under the titles Croatians to Hungarians and Manifesto of the Croatian-Slavonian People with the 1967 Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language as well as the reactions of the contemporaries to these texts. Based on considerations of the social reaction and fate of the authors of the aforementioned texts, we have analyzed the democratic character of society in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and socialist Yugoslavia. The results of the research have shown the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy saw a more democratic atmosphere and far more freedom of expression of personal opinion than socialist Yugoslavia.

Countering Russian Disinformation in the European Union

Author(s): Agnieszka Legucka / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2019

Russia runs disinformation campaigns against the EU using traditional media and the internet, including social media. Yet, the effectiveness of the fight against Russian disinformation by the Union and its Member States has so far been limited. These activities require strengthening at the international and national levels, as well as increasing public awareness of the use of media.

Critical discourse analysis of Trump across time

Author(s): John Fredy Gil-Bonilla / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2020

This study explores the discourse of Trump as a businessman and as a president regarding the topic of immigration. Data for this research were gathered from four speeches and four interviews delivered by Trump in the eighties-nineties and four speeches and four interviews after being elected president. The analysis focuses on the way Trump represents US (ingroup) versus THEM (outgroup) at the local semantic level through the use of pronouns and implicatures and, at the local form through the use of syntax, that is, the formal relationship between clauses and sentences. In particular, I want to shed light on the following research questions: (1) How does Donald Trump represent the topic of immigration as a businessman? (2) How does Donald Trump represent the topic of immigration as a president? On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that the period in which the discourse was uttered seems to have a strong bearing on the discursive strategies employed by Trump. It should be also pointed out that nowadays, the linguistic analysis of Trump’s discourses area touchstone issue in political and social affairs. This paper contributes to this volume offering insights regarding the analysis of political discourse. More specifically, research on political discourse is considered as a branch within social science.

Cyfrowy tłum - charakterystyka zjawiska

Author(s): Aleksander Zbirański / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

The purpose of this article is to describe the phenomenon of the digital crowd, which is a phenomenon specifi c to the functioning of political debate on the Internet (with particular emphasis on social media). Referring to the concept of Le Bon and Girard, it presents the behavior of the digital crowd and its importance for the development of public debate in the area of mass communication such as the Internet.

CYRIL RAMAPHOSA’S STRATEGIC PRESIDENCY

Author(s): Klaus Kotzé / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2019

Strategic communication has a significant and often overlooked domestic dimension. In states facing precarious power arrangements, strategic communication is critical to commanding the internal strategic environment. South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa is currently facing the task of reforming a government weakened by years of corruption under the leadership of former president Jacob Zuma—Zuma’s rule is best characterised by the term ‘state capture’. Ramaphosa’s challenge is to balance and lead two seemingly opposing centres of power. His leadership requires compromise and consensus; it requires a creative approach. Ramaphosa embodies national values to inspire trust and to persuade the citizens of South Africa to adopt his vision as theirs, forging a collective will to achieve national goals. This article examines Ramaphosa’s strategic approach to leadership, adding to the understanding of how strategic communication can be exercised domestically.

Czech Politicians Go Online: Is this e-Democracy or Just a Campaign Move?

Author(s): Alena Macková / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

The last few years have witnessed an intensified academic debate on the potential of new media in politics in the Czech Republic. However, discussions on new media’s impact – democratic potential, mobilization of the electorate, dialogue between citizens and politicians, etc. – tend to involve political parties rather than politicians as individual users. This chapter is mostly based on data analyzing the individual use of new media (and, specifically, social networking sites) by politicians.