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Knowledge, Research, Development and Innovations

Author(s): Mihaly Simai / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2003

An OECD document has defined knowledge-based economies as new systems directly based on the production, distribution and application of knowledge and information. However, the role of knowledge has always been important. Since the earliest analysis of modern economic growth, knowledge and technology have been recognised as factors of key importance. The notion that information and knowledge are of central importance both in the process of production, as well as an essential part or the final commodity produced, is uncontroversial and it always has had some weight. Knowledge was needed to make a spear, as well as to make a microchip. What have changed, apparently, are the quantity, the quality, and the density of knowledge and information, the speed in which they circulate and change, the proportion of them which is embodied in the final product.

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КОНЦЕПТ ДРУШТВЕНОГ КАПИТАЛА И ЕКОНОМСКО-ТЕОРИЈСКИ „ИМПЕРИЈАЛИЗАМ“

Author(s): Nataša Golubović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2007

Social capital is one of those sociological concepts that did not remain confined exclusively to sociology. Through social capital, economic science widened its' analytical domain and became capable to explain how social structures emerge on the basis of individual optimization, i.e. to explain them by the logic of rational choice. The explanatory scope of the basic neoclassical principles has been considerably widened to incorporate what has previously been considered to be the analytical terrain of other social sciences. This process has been labelled in scientific circles as „colonisation“ of social sciences, or economic „imperialism“.

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СРБИЈА ИЗМЕЂУ ИЗОЛАЦИЈЕ И ИНТЕГРАЦИЈЕ: „ЕКОНОМСКА КУЛТУРА“ И ИНТЕРЕСНО УСЛОВЉЕНО ДЕЛОВАЊЕ

Author(s): Gordana Tripković,Milan Tripković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2007

The basic goal of this paper is an attempt to offer relatively complete and rational sociological answer to the question of why the transition in Serbia has been so long, painful, unsuccessful and with an uncertain outcome, in other words, why Serbia has been hesitating between isolation from the rest of the world and integration with it. In order to achieve that, the first step is questioning the role of cultural factor, especially cultural dimension of economic life (Francis Fukuyama), or the so called “economic culture” (Peter Berger) in modern important social changes, such is transition. Transition is an important change of basic structural and functional aspects of the former “socialist society”, in a relatively limited period of time, and it is directed towards permanent establishing of consolidated democracy and developed social agreement market.

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ОСНОВНЕ СТРАТЕГИЈЕ ТРАНЗИЦИЈЕ И ЊИХОВА ЛОГИКА: АКТЕРИ, АЛТЕРНАТИВЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ

Author(s): Milan Brdar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2004

In the article author deals with ideological background of two transition strategies under the influence of three grand ideologies: liberalism, conservativism, marxism. Two prevailing strategies of shock therapy and gradualism are revisaged with reference to the geopolitical context shaped after the fall of communism and vividly marked with conflict of liberalism and conservativism during the last 15 years in East Europe. Neoliberal strategy of shock therapy provides renewal of the conditions that this very strategy tries to avoid, namely condition of rise of socialism and conservativism. On the other hand, occurances in East Europe in the same period, marked with failures in efforts to establish free market, privatization and free flow of capital in economy, are unfolding in well known logic of confrontation of grand ideologies.

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СРБИЈА И ТРАНЗИЦИЈА: У ВРТЛОГУ ИНТЕРЕСА ПОЛИТИЧК0-ЕКОНОМСКЕ ОЛИГАРХИЈЕ

Author(s): Milan Tripković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2001

This article deals with obstacles that Serbia faces during the process of delayed transition after the constitution of democratic government. The attention is focused on the role of the most important political and economic actors in the process, whose partial interests are identified as one of the largest obstructions to faster and better transformation of old structures. Emphasizing that the new authorities is still trapped by the old models of governance and accumulation of wealth, which led to greater social inequalities and dissolution of democratic potential of the society, author specially points to damaging consequences of fight for power inside the governing elite of DOS which begins to look like old communists’ ideological and political clashes. The way out from such situation is long-term development of stable civil society, while in short-term framework, the emphasis is put on strengthening of regulated political and economic competition, and strengthening of position of critical public opinion, in which foreign actors ought to take role.

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КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ РАДНОГ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА У “ПОСТ-СОЦИЈАЛИСТИЧКОЈ” ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ

Author(s): Nada Novaković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2001

In this article the author points the main these: labour low in “post – socialistic” Yugoslavia is contradictory, partial and inconsistent. Some working rights are neglected, some are imitation of its in the market economy and some of them are pre-modern. The main part of the working legislative gives opportunity to protect interests of old/new elite. The author analyses problems of the transitions, privatisation, social role and power of economical elite and workers, the position of trade unuion, wages and the other household incomes, (non)employment workers, economic pauperism of social groups. The former problems are explored on formal and empirical level.

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Küresel Ekonominin Yeni Aktörleri Ulusal Varlık Fonları

Author(s): Kerem Kerkez / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

Sovereign wealth funds, which provide a new dimension to the forms of state intervention in the economy, are the basis of this work. These state-owned funds for various macroeconomic targets are increasingly weighted in the global economy. Therefore, in the study, the rise of sovereign wealth funds will be analyzed in the context of the state's role in the economy. However, the assessments will be made about both the sovereign wealth funds operating in the national development context and Turkiye Wealth Fund.

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Ulusal Varlık Fonları: Süreklileşme ve Yaygınlaşma

Author(s): Yavuz Yayla / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

One of the most controversial financial tool that has been come into the agenda in recent years is the Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF) reached globally USD 7 trillion 450 billion and it reached USD 40 billion in our country. The SWFs which are formed on account of certain macroeconomic and microeconomic causes, are at the position to affect either domestic or international economics. These funds are generally formed through budget surpluses or the revenue to be gained from natural sources such as oil. The most important discussion and critics on the SWFs is the formation of these funds with public resources. Especially, the countries having not export surplus or natural resource revenue recently started to form these funds. In this paper, we will have a look on economic and political developments of the SWF since 1816 when the Crédit Mobilier was formed until today. Additionally, the aims of formation, functions, resources and audit of the SWFs will be considered. Finally, the properties of the sovereign wealth fund to be formed in Turkey will be examined to figure out the advantageous and disadvantageous it may cause for the economics.

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Karl Marx ve “Görünmez El”

Author(s): Heinz D. Kurz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: spec. 1/2019

The paper disucusses Marx's contribution to political economy, focusing attention in his labour theory of value. The bad news is that his "law of value" cannot be sustained, because it is marred by inconsistencies and flaws. The good new is that the data, or givens, from which he started, that is, the system of production in use and real wages, suffice to determine in a consistent way the general competitive rate of profits and prices of production. The so-called "transformation problem" turns out to be a consequence of the mistaken analytical route Marx had taken. Piero Sraffa deserves the credit for having clarified all this. It is a pity that his findings are steadfastly ignored by many followers of Marx.

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Değer Olarak Değer: Bilgi ve Dünya Ekonomisi Arasındadır

Author(s): Ben Fine,Heesang Jeon,Gong H. Gimm / Language(s): Turkish Issue: spec. 1/2019

This paper addresses two important, conspicuous topics for the understanding of contemporary capitalism: the world market and the knowledge economy. By locating these within Marx’s value theory, its authors take issue with other interpretations that explicitly reject or misinterpret Marx’s value theory in light of these themes. More general, these exercises point to the need for value theory and the fact that it should and can move beyond its traditional terrain, collaborating with other strands of critical thought in understanding developments within contemporary society.

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Marx, Engels ve Vergiler

Author(s): Zeynep Ağdemir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: spec. 1/2019

The literature studies on taxes are mostly in the framework of mainstream economics. However, it is not easy to come across the theses of Marxist approach in theoretical studies on taxes. The Marxist approach is important because it does not address the state independently of class relations, does not externalize the state-economy relationship and sees taxes as an aspect of class relations. In this study, it is aimed to examine the analyzes of taxes in the original works of Marx and Engels, which are the basis of Marxist approach, and to form a complete framework for taxes. In this context, some of the works of Marx and Engels were examined in the light of differences in Marx’s economic and revolution theories.

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Marx ve İktisadi Kriz Teorileri: 2007 Küresel Finansal Krizi Bağlamında Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz

Author(s): Ersan Bocutoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: spec. 1/2019

The aim of this article is to compare orthodox and heterodox economic crisis theories in the context of 2007 Global Financial Crisis with a special reference to Marx. There is almost a consensus that orthodox economic crisis theories are hardly relevant to explain 2007 Global Financial Crisis. Since the monopolization in economies, intensively in finance sector, hegemony of financial sector over real sector, manipulations in interest rates in financial sector controlled by the financial elite that is identified by Piketty are the issues that are foreseen by Marxists, Post Keynesians and Austrians, it is fair to state that these three heterodox economic crisis theories are of a theoretical and philosophical share in understanding and explaining 2007 Global Financial Crisis.

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KA TRŽIŠNOJ DEMOKRATIJI

Author(s): Miroslav Prokopijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/1995

Since communist regimes broke up out of economic reasons, post-communist countries have no other reasonable alternative available, but to start transition from command economy and totalitarian regime to some kind of market democracy. Privatization is considered as a very heart of transition. If an enhancement in efficiency should be the main aim of privatization, it can be approached at besi by lowering the transaction costs as much as possible. Although several models of privatization are able to meet this condition in a reasonable way, privatizations via vouchers and liquidation are more suitable than alternatives.

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LABOUR FORCE EXPLOITATION AND UNEQUAL LABOUR EXCHANGE AS THE ROOT CAUSE OF THE EUROZONE'S INEQUALITY

Author(s): Ivan Rubinić,Maks Tajnikar / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The cornerstone of this research is the development of a model which investigates the origins of economic inequality as a derivative of labour force exploitation. The starting point of this inquiry is the theory of unequal labour exchange. The concept being empirically analysed is that the phenomenon of unequal labour exchange between Eurozone countries, arising from exploitation on a national level, plays a key role in creating inequality. The findings indicate that the differences between the capital-labour force ratio and disequilibrium prices enhanced by various levels of economic efficiencies, explain the differences in exploitation rates and arising cross-country inequality.

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ПОЛИТИЧКИ И ЕКОНОМСКИ ФАКТОРИ ЗАКАСНЕЛЕ ТРАНЗИЦИЈЕ У СРБИЈИ

Author(s): Zora Prekajac,Kosta Josifidis / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2004

The transition in Serbia is late, from the aspects of both its start and course. The initial conditionality, strategy, sequentially, prospects and results shape transition profile. Key factors of the late transition are grouped within a complex of political and economic factors, which are themselves ambivalent – their external and internal effects are evident. An institutional vacuum is especially limiting complex, with a significant influence on the political and economic aspects of the transition.

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Eseu

Author(s): Alex Cistelecan,Adrian-Octavian Dohotaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/7/2019

Two texts: An essay about the history of the socialist movement in Romania before the advent of communism. And an analysis of the cultural debate that pitted, in the early 2000s, the conservatives intellectuals around Humanitas and Dilema against the liberal intellectuals grouped around the magazine Observator cultural.

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SLOBODAN JOVANOVIĆ O OSOBENOSTIMA DVA TIPA IMPERIJALISTIČKE DRŽAVE

Author(s): Borislav Milić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2-3/1977

The article is a part of a wider treatise on ideo-theoretical conceptions of S. Jovanović, and it analyses the development of his conception of the state as it is shown in his study »The Postwar State«, in the mid thirties. In this study S. Jovanović considers the changes that took place in the organization of the states of the biggest European capitalistic countries and the Soviet Union, after World War I. Has considerations of the Soviet state are left out in this article.

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IRAK HUKUKUNDA KONSORSİYUM ve JOİNT VENTURE SÖZLEŞMELERİ

Author(s): Enas Sami İbrahim / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2019

In this study, which is called Consortium and Joint Venture Agreements in Iraq Law, it is aimed to examine the provisions applied by the Iraqi Ministry of Commerce, which was issued based on the Iraqi Constitution. This study is examined in two parts, in the first part of the study the concept of consortium and in the other part, the concept of joint venture is discussed. First of all, the legal nature of the concepts in the Iraqi Constitution and the provisions of the legislation have been discussed and it has been clarified how to establish and terminate the agreement. In the other section, the scope, legal nature and types of the Joint Venture concept and the terms that terminate the contract are examined.

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TÜRKİYE’DE SENDİKA ve SİYASET İLİŞKİSİ

Author(s): Mehmet Şanda / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2019

The relationship between trade unions and politics has always been a debated topic. Despite the understanding that trade unions should be independent from politics, it is argued that trade unions as an important actor of society should be in close relations with political parties in the struggle of rights and labor of their employees. The struggle against the powers in the emergence and development of trade unions and the relations established with the political parties later became the most important topic of discussion in the union-politics relationship. The relationship between trade unions and politics has become inevitable considering that there is almost no area where politics does not affect. In this study, the concepts of trade union and politics are explained; the relations between politics and trade union are mentioned and given some examples from the world; the political bans introduced for the relationship between trade unionism and politics and civil servants and trade unions in Turkey have been evaluated.

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Building Sustainable Peace in International Relations - Dispute Settlement in WTO

Author(s): Xhemail Çupi,Fisnik Muça / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In the absence of permanent utopian peace due to differences and certain interests emerging between states, disagreements between states are a frequent phenomenon that characterizes the international arena, so during the human history, there have been continuous efforts that have affirmed the resolution of disputes between states on a peaceful way. If so far, there are only two ways of resolving disputes: juristic and political measures, then the peaceful resolution of international disputes is a field that can be studied in several ways: in the juristic aspect of various acts of international character, respectively international conventions; in the diplomatic aspect of the practice of resolving different disagreements by peaceful means, as well as in economic terms, which implies the settlement of disputes that may arise between States from the competent WTO bodies, thus maintaining international peace and stability belongs to trade issues, which will be even more detailed study of our research.

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