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Mogući utjecaj evropskih ekonomskih integracija na jugoslavensku privredu

Mogući utjecaj evropskih ekonomskih integracija na jugoslavensku privredu

Author(s): Luka Brkić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/1989

The inclusion of Yugoslavia into world economy means in fact inclusion into European developments in terms of integration and into the structures of Europe. In a situation where the economic performances of the system appear increasingly to weaken, the maintenance of an economic system removed from the market laws of business and burdened with great difficulties for accumulation and investment, might finally undermine the possibility of growth for Yugoslav economy and distance it from contemporary international economic trends. Yugoslavia cannot base its development on closed autarchic economic structures any longer, but must instead form a structure of economy according to world criteria and rational standards. Under these circumstances special attention must be devoted to the development of science and technology as component part of economic and social development. The strategy of economic relationships with the outside world, which means, in the first place, with the area of European integration in a wider sense, should be seen as a constituent part of the total strategy of the country’s social and economic development.

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Austrijska škola i suvremena građanska ekonomija

Austrijska škola i suvremena građanska ekonomija

Author(s): Zagorka Brunsko / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/1988

At the end of the nineteenth century the Austrian bourgeois political economy, Marginalism, was formed. Its most distinguished founders and representatives were: C. Menger, F. v. Wieser, E. v. Boehm-Bawerk, J. Schumpeter, L. v. Moses, F. v. Hayek and others. Methodological instruments and a new choice of theoretical concerns makes Austrian school an introduction to contemporary bourgeois economy. Marginalists turned their attention from the question of production to the questions of consumption and demand which they treated as problems of allocation of resources from the point of view of individual economic subjects. Subjectivization of the theory of value has led to the change of all the essential economic theorems.

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Položaj Jugoslavije u procesima ekonomskih integracija

Položaj Jugoslavije u procesima ekonomskih integracija

Author(s): Žarko Mrkušić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/1988

The world economic system is dominated by sets of regional multi-integration most prominently marked by the activities of the E.E.C.. the U.S.A. and Japan, or of their transnational corporations. Yugoslav inclusion into world economy means in fact inclusion into the currents of the economic integration of Europe and into its accompanying structures. Economic integration may have its institutional features without endangering the political position of Yugoslavia. The country’s economic performances are weakening. The lagging behind in quality and quantity in terms of economic indicators can be changed only through inclusion into international economic cooperation and a stabilizing of the internal economic situation.

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Direktne investicije zapadnonjemačke privrede i zemlje u razvoju

Direktne investicije zapadnonjemačke privrede i zemlje u razvoju

Author(s): Luka Brkić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/1987

International movement of capital is an essential lever for the mutual linking of national economies. On the example of direct West German investments the author has tried to indicate some new elements which, next to the classical ones, might be an attempt at a more modern view of the problem of the export of capital. Without pretending to cover all the reasons for the export of capital in contemporary circumstances the author analyses some among them: 1) lower costs of production, 2) expansion of the market, 3) more complete use or industrial capacity. 4) higher increase of production and traffic, 5) higher profit rates. While giving its due to the notion that the export of capital primarily depends on the conditions of the expanded reproduction and the acquisition of surplus value on that basis, the author has tried to indicate other factors too that today affect the export of capital; they have been primarily the result of structural changes in the world economy under the influence of the contemporary scientific and technological revolution.

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Podjela ekonomskih funkcija u jugoslavenskom ustavnom sistemu

Podjela ekonomskih funkcija u jugoslavenskom ustavnom sistemu

Author(s): Vlatko Mileta / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/1987

This article examines the economic functions of the republic and the relations of these functions towards the economic functions of the federation on the other hand and the communes on the other. At the same time an analysis is made of the division of the economic functions between the representative and the executive organs of the republic with a view to discovering possible instances of over-stepping the constitutional and legal authority of individual organs or socio-political communities. The analysis demonstrates that in the constitution of. m this case, the Socialist Republic of Croatia, there is no constitutional and legal norm that might give occasion to an infringement of the unity of the Yugoslav market. In this matter the Constitution of Croatia insists on the equality of the economic and political conditions for all Yugoslav economic subjects to exercise an unhindered activity on its total economic and political territory. The Constitution insists also on the unity and integrity of the Yugoslav economic territory just as it insists on a symbiosis of the unity and the community of economic and political measures m the conduct of economic policy in the whole of Yugoslavia. All the essential decisions for the conduct of a consistent economic policy, the analysis shows, have been placed within the authority of the organs of the federal Constitution, where the principles of unity and community mentioned above arc exercised in a variety of ways. It is possible to conclude that the genuine problems of the economic system and of the country's economic policy reside outside the constitutional and legal regulations. Further studies will have to show to which degree individual provisions of the economic and political system are indeed founded on the Constitution.

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Pravedan novac

Pravedan novac

Author(s): Dieter Suhr / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/1986

Unstable money has unjust effects. But stable money is unfair, too. It is more valuable to the wealthy, who dispose of dispensable monetary liquidity, than it is to the poor, who need to spend it for their living — and that because of (and to the amount of) its interest or revenue. Due to this money Interest the monetary system leads to continual self-acting subsidization of the rich by the poorer consumers and producers. Moreover, money is a partial and unfair mediator of exchange. It bestows on its owner a kind of joker privilege: Being a general medium of exchange, it grants on the market to economic agents offering money and in comparison with economic agents only offering goods or labour typical advantages, which correspond to the advantages granted by a joker representing all other cards in a game of cards. The historical trails of this monetary injustice can be traced back to the formation of economic institutions (c. g. of corporations with their prerogatives of decision for capital) as well as in the legal and other efforts to compensate economic disadvantages (e g. of labour). In addition, monetary injustice as described above, can be interpreted economically: Money is, by no means, a neutral medium of exchange. The monetary constitution preconditions structural unemployment, and it pathologically results in compulsory economic growth for the sake of full employment. In contrast to all this, criterions of fair money can be given, which coincide with demands laid down for optimal money in economic and monetary theory. This fair money can be realized, too: One has to compensate for the advantages of monetary liquidity by attaching to money carrying costs (Keynes) for cash-keeping.

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KULTURA IZMEĐU EKONOMIJE I POLITIKE

KULTURA IZMEĐU EKONOMIJE I POLITIKE

Author(s): Matko Meštrović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 16+17/1995

Social spheres are not only analytical components of our overall thinking on society, but we also seem soci ally to exist/act according to their mutual determination. Are these abstract thoughts reality, is that thought itselftrue? In societies preceding the modern world, culture covered all aspects of human activity. Economy as such is the invention of modern society, where material practice is reduced to mere function, i.e. an optimization of allocation of means. Culture is no longer a symbolic system which gives meaning to existence. The demand to take into account the developmental importance of culture, if really understood, would require wholesale change in the entire body of theory and practice of economic systems modern civilisation is based on. If it is to save its progressivistic face it should make all the benefits of the world of human and natural life become intrinsic values.

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Moguća antiinflacijska politika u samoupravnom sistemu

Moguća antiinflacijska politika u samoupravnom sistemu

Author(s): Marijan Korošić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/1986

Giving the alarming rate of inflation in Yugoslavia, the author asks: what can be done? The starting premise is that the market is unable to balance the economy and stabilize the prices on its own, unless economic policies can ensure, previously or simultaneously, a tolerably well-balanced distribution of income and ownership. In his outline of anti-inflationary policies the author focuses on a number of issues: first, the greater importance of the level of income and its distribution than of the effects of price changes (demand and costs); secondly, the effects of distribution are inseparably linked with investment problems. A system of measures and instruments of economic policy designed to enhance the reproduction of resources should be implemented, especially planning, a minimum capital accumulation rate; and an adequate depreciation and valorization of social resources. Fundamental changes should be introduced in the status of banks and the role of credits. The third mechanism of the anti-inflationary policy is the price mechanism. Free prices safeguard the basic interests of the members of the society. The author also considers the role of money in inflationary trends, of interest rates, exchange rates, taxes and levies, and of indexing. In conclusion, the suggestion is made that at present the problem of political institutions takes precedence over economic measures and of the available instruments wherewith to curb inflation.

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Političke dimenzije razvoja tehnike. Skica problema s političkoznanstvenog gledišta

Političke dimenzije razvoja tehnike. Skica problema s političkoznanstvenog gledišta

Author(s): Hans-Hermann Hartwich / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/1986

The economy-politics relationship has never beet distinguished by a complete autonomy of "purely" political activity. However, the degree of "relative autonomy" of political action has always been a crucial issue in democratic societies. The decisive question, therefore, is whether the new technology is destroying even this "relative autonomy" of politics? The revolutionary developments in modern technology are rocking at the very foundations of the "work society", and thereby also at the state, which has evolved on their basis. The author first analyzes the effects of the complex technological output on the -work society-: the shorter and flexible working hours, the need for retraining and for a vocational training that meets the needs of modem technology, the phenomenon of mass unemployment caused by technology as the chief social consequence of technological development, etc. The author also examines the effects of new technical breakthroughs on the state, or public, sphere of the life of communities, thus touching upon the fundamental issue of the fate of the existing structures and mechanisms of the democratic state in general.

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Нова димензија политичке економије кроз призму развоја друштвене теорије

Нова димензија политичке економије кроз призму развоја друштвене теорије

Author(s): Tatjana Dragićević Radičević,Milica Nestorović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2018

The challenges of new economic thought, such as the industrial revolution, internationalisation of business, led to the alienation in economic relations, class layering, the establishment of different goals and interests of individuals, and the definition of an innovative approach in the consideration of economic thought. From the economy of an individual, where materialization played a minimal role, through economies of scale, economics of information and knowledge, the brain economy emerged, which was necessarily a dialectical “negation of negation”. On the one hand, there has been a high level of socio-economic development, while on the other hand there has been neglectection of individuals in economic relations and subordination of their existence to general collective interests. In this way, we return to the well-known postulates of the political economy, the relations of the individual and his work and compensation, as well as the questions of the fair distribution of the newly created value, the foundations which were set by Smith, Ricardo and later upgraded by Maltus, Mill, Jevons, Marx and Engels. Thus, the new prism of economic thought presented in this research paper deals with the issues of humanization of todayʼs economy through economic sociology, but also the renaissance of the new political economy, primarily considering new values, its more equitable distribution, class divisions, materialism, the complementarity of goals and interests of individuals in society, as creators of a new values. The point of view of the new prism of economic thought is that economy as a science must be complementary to sociology, since every economic entity, its goals, interests have a major role in the advancement (development) of society as a whole.

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Političke implikacije ekonomskih odnosa u SEV-u

Političke implikacije ekonomskih odnosa u SEV-u

Author(s): Vlatko Mileta / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01+02/1985

The demand for an improvement of the commodity — monetary relations between the socialist countries associated in Commecon is encountered In all recent programmatic documents of that economic grouping and is regarded as a permanent task. This question is treated in many debates as a fundamental political issue affecting the further course of cooperation. It has, namely, become evident that, with commodity-monetary relations performing the function of agents of planning, economic cooperation of the member states chiefly derives from objective processes and the mode in which the given commodity values are formed. The central issue of commodity-monetary relations within Commecon is the question of the operation of the law of value. The days when the operation of the law of value was refuted are far behind. Such questions are no longer raised. Instead of debating whether the law of value operates in the socialist economy, the discussions today centre on the forms in which it is manifested in socialist economies and in relations between them. The fact that commodity-monetary relations are present in the relations between socialist countries leads to the automatic conclusion that the law of value operates within these relations. It is a question, however, whether exchange between them is the exchange of equivalents or whether it is an unequivalent exchange. Both in theory and in actual economic cooperation, different views on this have emerged, and differing concepts are espoused involving considerable political connotations.

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Marxov pojam građanskog društva

Marxov pojam građanskog društva

Author(s): Davor Rodin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01+02/1985

In his early writings Marx identified the bourgeois society with the productive sphere, irrespective of the epoch and forms within which production occurred. This historic approach to the concept of the bourgeois society is the result of Marx's early, nominalistic criticism of Hegel’s conceptual realism and is not essential to Marx’s doctrine. It was only when Marx began to search for material relations in political economy and to investigate their anatomy, as basis of the state and law, that he severed all ties with traditional philosophy of politics; he also broke with Hegel because he had discovered that dimension of the bourgeois mode of the production of life which was obscured by Hegel’s dialectic. On this basis Marx concluded that the economic production of material values is not reflexively constitutive for political activity, but that the time-specific character of the production of life determines the particular historic forms of economic production or, in a narrower sense, the production of material values. In his scrutiny of the substance of the capitalist mode of the production of life Marx analyzes the distinction between bourgeois society and state. In his anatomy of the bourgeois society he is actually striving to elucidate the origin of inequality among people in a setting of complete political equality, reaching beyond the political phenomenon.

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Dezvoltarea pieţei de capital

Dezvoltarea pieţei de capital

Author(s): Bogdan Câmpianu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2012

Este extrem de relevanta o comparatie intre nivelul de dezvoltare al intermedierii financiare in Romania fata de Polonia, tara care a devenit cel mai important centru financiar din Europa Centrala. In timp ce sectorul bancar este intr-un stadiu comparabil de dezvoltare, piata de capital, cu cele doua sectoare cheie – piata titlurilor de stat si piata actiunilor, este mult ramasa in urma, nefiind deocamdata o alternativa viabila de finantare a economiei. PIB-ul polonez este de 2,6 ori mai mare decat al Romaniei iar valoarea totala a activelor bancare este de doar 3,2 ori mai mare.

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România. Perspective macroeconomice şi provocări la adresa politicilor economice

România. Perspective macroeconomice şi provocări la adresa politicilor economice

Author(s): Ionuţ Dumitru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2012

Comunicare susţinută în cadrul „Proiectului Foişor”, 24 aprilie 2012, Bucureşti.

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Cum finanţăm economia? Bursa de Valori, una dintre soluţiile potenţiale

Cum finanţăm economia? Bursa de Valori, una dintre soluţiile potenţiale

Author(s): Lucian Anghel / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2012

Comunicare susţinută în cadrul „Proiectului Foişor”, 24 aprilie 2012, Bucureşti.

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The Impact of the European Economic Crisis on the EaP and Its Crisis Management Flagship Initiative

The Impact of the European Economic Crisis on the EaP and Its Crisis Management Flagship Initiative

Author(s): Simona Soare / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2012

The analysis focuses on the three types of challenges to the EaP and the EaP’s crisis management flagship initiative: economic challenges, institutional-bureaucratic challenges and regional competition. It finds that while they are very different in nature and context, the three categories of challenges pose relatively similarly serious problems for the EaP. The economic challenges alone will not essentially threaten the EaP. Even if the EU maintains the current levels of funding the EaP or even modestly reduces it, funding has already been so low so far that a moderate reduction of its current levels is unlikely to fundamentally endanger the EaP.

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Od decentralizacije ka samoupravnoj integraciji

Od decentralizacije ka samoupravnoj integraciji

Author(s): Anton Vratuša / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 03/1984

The first step in the transformation of administrative management of the economy was decentralisation, which was not confined to a mechanical transfer of decision-making from central to local state organs but entailed the democratisation of economic and social relations. This democratisation, however, was hampered by a low level of development and the need to attain a high rate of capital accumulation for the growth of productive forces. Objective circumstance as well as subjective weaknesses of socialist forces make it possible for political centres of power to suppress, especially in times of economic disruption, the action of economic laws in social reproduction. The relatively low level of productive forces is one of the causes of domination of politics over the economy, but its main source is the inadequate evolvement of socialist democracy.

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Društvena svojina i ekonomske zakonitosti

Društvena svojina i ekonomske zakonitosti

Author(s): Kiro Gligorov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 03/1984

It has become clear during the past ten years that the existence of social property, as an undoubtedly revolutionary social relation, entails a potential danger of the omnipotence of politics in society, especially in economics. It is an existential matter for socialism to maintain social property as the property of the entire society and, at the same time, to provide the possibility, on this basis, for every individual to enjoy all rights as well as responsibilities in social labour and activity. Otherwise, social property will continually give rise to statist tendencies. Certain economic relations constitute the precondition of the social power of producers. It is in this light that we should view the attitude towards the observance of economic laws in the Yugoslav economy. Failure to observe them carries some very distinct social and political consequences.

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Rastući prinosi, putna zavisnost i istraživanje politike

Author(s): Pol Pirson / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 01-02/2017

Politički procesi se u društvenim naukama sve više opisuju kao „putno zavisni“. Sam koncept se, međutim, obično primenjuje bez ozbiljnije razrade. U ovom članku se putna zavisnost kao društveni proces smešta unutar dinamike „rastućih prinosa“. Rekapitulirajući skorije radove iz oblasti ekonomije, predlažući širenje na političke odnose, tekst koji stoji pred vama pokazuje da procesi rastućih prinosa dominiraju, i da postoji valjana analitička osnova za istraživanje njihovih uzroka i posledica. Ispitivanje rastućih prinosa može da pruži rigorozniji okvir za razradu nekih od ključnih teza iznetih u skorijim istraživanjima u okviru istorijskog institucionalizma: posebno su važni specifični obrasci tajminga i vremenskog sleda; moguć je veoma širok opseg društvenih ishoda; krupne posledice mogu nastati iz relativno malih ili neplaniranih događaja; određeni pravci delovanja, kada se njima jednom krene, gotovo da postaju nepromenljivi i nepovratni; sledstveno, politički razvoj se određuje kroz kritične momente, koji oblikuju osnovne konture društvenog života.

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Integralni program za sirovine i zajednički fond ‒ ključni instrumenti novog međunarodnog ekonomskog poretka (NMEP)

Integralni program za sirovine i zajednički fond ‒ ključni instrumenti novog međunarodnog ekonomskog poretka (NMEP)

Author(s): Mihailo V. Stevović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 03/1981

Kolebanje cena primarnih proizvoda predstavlja jedan od osnovnih uzroka nestabilnosti i neravnopravnih odnosa u međunarodnoj trgovini.

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