Around the Bloc: Czech Republic’s Glitterati Applaud Chinese Leader
Czech President Zeman hails ‘restart’ of relations with China, signs deals worth billions.
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Czech President Zeman hails ‘restart’ of relations with China, signs deals worth billions.
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Hungary prime minister further burnishes his anti-migrant credentials.
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Bulgarian media are reporting suspension of readmission agreement, but Turkish Embassy denies major change.
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The paper deals with the issue of the higher education in the technological age and discusses the way the higher education should be conceived of to become able to respond to the challenges the current global society faces. We argue that the university should aim towards a new social role the global society urgently needs: it should become the space of critical inquiry and of evaluation of every knowledge, power, doctrine and practice. The university should serve the aims of the dominant social doctrine, but should also articulate the basic global problems, promote a critical public discourse and call for social action.
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The specter of the UK's departure – and a possible jolt to their economies and remittance payments – is haunting.
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Cybercriminals use cryptocurrency Bitcoin since it come to existence. It is an ideal, anonymous platform for global money transfer. Bitcoin does not have authority or central issuer, so there is no way to steal it from its holder. It is therefore used by the criminal groups around the world. This article aims to increase the reader’s knowledge on new technologies of money transfer. This knowledge will help the reader to improve the quality of personal security on the Internet. In effect it will reduce the potential risk of various types of frauds and other cybercrimes.
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The aim of this article is to examine the phenomenon of cyber warfare as part of an unconventional confrontation between states in contemporary international relations. The construction of this study, dictated by an attempt to achieve a response on the above research subject, brought the author to adopt the following structure. The first part of the work presents the development of computer hardware and networks together with visualizing the cyberspace importance. Next, the conditions of this theoretical issues, in particular, the basic determinants categories of network attacks and their classifications are presented. Further, the practical aspects of the application of those attacks are shown, taking a point of view specific casus i.e. Kosovo, China, Estonia, Georgia and Iran. At the end, the cyberwars were under consideration including the differences, similarities and lessons learned for the future.
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The article traces the main points of the diplomatic activity of Marko D. Balabanov in the first years of the Principality of Bulgaria (1879–1885). Growing up as a writer, public figure and politician in the period before the Liberation, Balabanov occupied leading positions in the Interim Russian Government (1877–1879) and played a significant role in the work of the Constituent Assembly in Veliko Tarnovo. There he participated actively in the debates on the issue of reunification of the Bulgarian nation divided by the Berlin agreement. When the first Bulgarian government was formed Balabanov was given the post of foreign minister and as such he worked hard to lay the foundations of a new Bulgarian diplomacy. After the fall of the conservative government, he was appointed envoy in Istanbul where he vigorously acted in defense of the Bulgarian national interests and contributed to raising the international prestige of the country. The regime of credentials (1881–1883) interrupted his diplomatic career, but in the second government of Dragan Tsankov (1883–1884) we see him again in the position of Bulgarian Foreign Minister. In those years he contributed in solving all the major foreign policy issues and contributed to the rise and consolidation of the authority of the Bulgarian state on the international arena. Facts and events in the life of Balabanov which are presented in the study give grounds to assert that he played a noticeable and even at times a leading role in the construction of the Bulgarian foreign policy in the period.
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Yalta-Potsdam system emerged from World War II turned Poland into the orbit of the Soviet Union. It was economically dependent (CMEA) and the military-political (the Warsaw Pact) from the eastern neighbor. Taken attempts too independent to strengthen Polish security (Rapacki Plan, Gomulka Plan, Polish-German Agreement of December 1970) ended in failure. Martial law in 1981, the international isolation deepened in Polish and also became addicted to from Moscow. Moving away from confrontation between East and West at the end of the years 80. resulted in the signing of the border treaty with Germany (1990) and the reorientation of the Polish on the cooperation with the Western World.
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This article attempts to cap the contemporary law issues analyzed multidisciplinary author previous other materials through innovative approaches, the proposed solutions, the originality of the research scientific, regarded even by right relationships with ethics and aesthetics but also the specifics of their interaction. The material is structured main themes and overall guidance to the problem we distinguish between original law in general and contemporary law between domestic law and international law. Broadly, there are two conceptions, the one hand,a conception transcendental or iusnaturalist, which sees as the expression of universal principles and timeless, and, on the other hand, a conception positivistic and instrumental, which sees as a technical pure, neutral and empty of meaning. However, from an ethical and aesthetic perspective on contemporary law characterized by plurality, complexity and transdisciplinarity
More...Between National and Transnational Myths
The aim of this paper is to analyse the image of Yugoslavia in the collective memories of the post–Yugoslav societies. The author of this text, basing on an assumption that every society has a great number of collective memories, highlights the fact that among the Balkan nations one can find both supporters and opponents not only of the SFRY but also of the idea of the cooperation among the Southern Slavs. Both positive and negative opinions of Yugoslavia in the collective memories are based not on the sober assessment of the historical facts but on collective emotions and historical and political myths. The anti–Yugoslav discourse in primarily based on the national mythology. The discourse of the supporters of the Yugoslav tradition one the other hand, goes back in a large extend to the transnational myths. By discussing these two types of ideas about Yugoslavia, the author of this text tries to show their impact on the current political decisions.
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Review of: Н.С. Студенникова- Рецензия на монографию А.Ю. Сарана «Большая Орловщина. История административных границ»
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Перед немногочисленной «партией» (кли- кой, бандой, шайкой, бандформированием), за- хватившей власть на Кубе, возник выбор: искать примирения с Америкой, пойти по пути безрод- ного и космополитического троцкизма, выбрать маоистский путь, пойти навстречу кремлевским эмиссарам. Выбрано было последнее — уж очень заман- чивыми были посулы, которые, кстати, безуко- ризненно выполнялись впоследствии. И Фидель [Кастро] во всеуслышание заявил о выборе совет- ского социалистического направления. Его ничуть не смущало, что из 10 миллионов кубинцев один миллион — миллионеры, один миллион — такси- сты и один миллион — проститутки.
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We analyze the role played by the representation of the two presidents, Vladimir Putin and Barack Obama, in a modern Russian anti-Americanism: public opinion, the media and the eyes of Russians. The work is based on the data of sociological research (interviews) conducted in 2014, as well as on the analysis of texts and visual sources, published in the Russian mass media for the period 2012-2014.
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The Carter Administration came to Office seeking to continue a policy of détente. However, the Administration’s policy vis-à-vis the Soviets became more assertive throughout the Presidency, culminating in the Carter Doctrine. The current paper applies a conceptual framework for “issue selling” to argue that a more assertive foreign policy was being promoted by the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and his NSC staff since the early days of the Carter Presidency. By applying an assortment of issue selling strategies, Zbigniew Brzezinski and the NSC staff were able to exploit the communicative interactions amongst the political leadership to continuously promote a more forceful US policy towards the Soviets. By being able to interpret and define the problem representation facing the Administration, the APNSA was able initiate and continuously promote a wholesale policy transformation leading to the development of the Carter Doctrine.
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With the recent rise of a new confrontation between the East and the West, the convergence of different understandings of brainwashing emerges as a problem of political communication and poses a challenge for information security. The principle objective of this paper is to present a contemporary understanding of brainwashing, determine its propaganda potential, and provide educated guesses about successor concepts, which could be traced back to the origins of brainwashing. Therefore, the article describes the ‘classical’ Western understanding of brainwashing; looks for the potential equivalents of brainwashing on the other side of the Iron Curtain; reveals the rebirth and transformations of the concept in post-communist countries during the period of time, when brainwashing in the West had already came out of fashion; notes to the potential misunderstandings between the new and old democracies, which arise because of the different interpretation of brainwashing.The contemporary comprehension of brainwashing continues to alternate between instrumental and political understanding. The broadened concept becomes more blurred, although the lack of precision compensates the potential loss of mystery and allows the brainwashing to preserve an image of an almighty technique.
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The multifaceted nature of political participation has led to various ways of measuring it. This, in turn, has led to conflicting outcomes (even when applied to the same problem) in the research field. What are the contemporary challenges of measuring political participation? The main objective of this paper is to identify current challenges of measuring political participation that are common in the existing literature and empirical findings. This review paper examines different methods of measuring both online and offline political participation and shows current problems that are crucial to deal with methodological challenges in the emerging era of Web 3.0. Drawing from a careful analysis of 86 published (2012–2019) empirical research on new media and political participation, the present study finds that self-reported measures, different question-wordings, misuse of Likert scales and time frames, and the lack of clear concept of political participation are current problems of measuring political participation. In so doing, it contributes to research on political participation (1) attempting to gather various measurements and their common problems as well as (2) urging the importance of these challenges.
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The third industrial revolution, the digital revolution, affected economy and thus labour relations, too. Now the so-called fourth revolution, the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution, will cause further massive changes in the labour market. This is not just about the caution that robots will replace all employees, but this also raises a question about new skills the labour market requires the employees to have. Scientific literature and the EU policy documents do not cover the AI – labour market issues in a unified approach, however welcoming the development of new technologies on the one hand, with concerns about weakening the labour force by jobs loses, on the other hand. The article elucidates the AI revolution and analyses the AI influence on labour market, specifically identifying the new skills required, based on relevant scientific literature and the EU policy documents. Considering the AI impact on labour relations, continuous alteration of skills and knowledge offered should be of special concern– it is not only about a labour relation per se, new models emerge all the time in the labour market. The authors also investigate the impact of AI on the Estonian labour market, i.e. whether the AI´s effects appear as disastrous as expected or simply a welcome development for the welfare of the state. The article discusses how AI impacts labour relations and which professions fall in a greater risk of disappearing and, more specifically, the AI´s influence on the Estonian labour market.
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The relations between European Union (EU) and South Asia are not new. However, South Asia is one of the fastest growing economies of the world; the EU’s development policy has given less attention to this region. This paper aims to elucidate and evaluate the EU engagement towards South Asia through development policy and generate an argument on reasons for the EU to strengthen its strategy in the region. Pursuing its comprehensive attention towards the region, the EU intends to address different development- related challenges under its ‘Agenda for Change’ initiation. The main question addressed in this research is ‘Why South Asia is important for the EU?’ The discussion below attempts to incorporate empirical analysis regarding challenges and prospects for the EU in the region. In terms of theoretical approach, this paper follows a neoliberal perspective to analyse the EU development policy. The main findings of the research is that however the EU has strengthened its development partnership with South Asia, the EU is still not considered as a main actor in the region.
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Review of: Sverker Johansson, Zorii limbajului [The Dawn of Language ], Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2022, 408 pp. Cristina Maria Otovescu, Politica României de gestionare a pandemiei de Covid-19 [Romania's policy for managing the COVID-19 pandemic], Editura Academiei Române. Bucureşti, 2022. Sun Zi, Arta răboiului [The Art of War], Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2023, 160 p. Edward N. Luttwak, Ascensiunea Chinei în faţă cu logica strategiei [The Rise of China vs. the Logic of Strategy], Editura Universităţii de Vest, Timişoara, 2023, 268 p.
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