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Problemi svjetskog tržišta odražavaju u najpotpunijoj mjeri sva zbivanja u svjetskoj ekonomiji. Zbog toga oni spadaju u najinteresantnija i najvažnija pitanja međunarodne ekonomske problematike.
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Problemi svjetskog tržišta odražavaju u najpotpunijoj mjeri sva zbivanja u svjetskoj ekonomiji. Zbog toga oni spadaju u najinteresantnija i najvažnija pitanja međunarodne ekonomske problematike.
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The paper represents a research on the relationship between international subsidiaries in the Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry and their parent companies. The aim was to determine the autonomy of international subsidiaries and to identify their self-initiative activities on both local and global level. The research included 17 international subsidiaries in the Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry in the Republic of Croatia of overall 23 international subsidiaries in the Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry. The results showed a significant dependence of management of international subsidiaries on strategies of a parent company and also their high adaptation to the local market. International subsidiaries showed the affinity to conduct their own initiatives, which depend on the support of the parent companies. The relationships with parent company vary from one international subsidiary to another, but it can be concluded that there is a limited level of autonomy of the international subsidiaries in the Republic of Croatia.
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Transitions Online_News-Around the Bloc- 14 May 2019
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Serbia’s latest “fateful eight” – from the 1918 creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, to the student protests of 1968 – is by far the declaration of independence of its former southernmost province, Kosovo, in 2008. Having in mind that the Kosovo myth – much debated in scholarly circles – is a key instance in understanding Serbia’s nationalism ever since its inception in the nineteenth century, a strong discourse negating Kosovo’s independence has been promulgated by the media. Through the lens of media content analysis, the author tackles the Kosovo-related rhetoric within the media in Serbia’s recent history, from the declaration of Kosovo’s independence, to 2018.
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Author want to consider evolutionary process of the basis of the United Nations international security system. In the last decade this basis undergo thorough revaluation in order to increase its effectiveness. Author want to consider three questions taking into the debate and revision on the ground of the organization. At first it is the matter of systemic elements identification. If this system should be create regarding to states, organizations or persons. At second debate is about the methods of control due to this system. If this control is the authoritative nature or it is connected with collective management of its members. At third discussion is about effectiveness of the system. If it should be result of common approval due to its assumptions or it fulfi lls through the overriding commitment under menace of some sanctions. Point of reference for the considerations is the conception of the global governance system. It would eliminate the domination of one member of the international community over the others, reduce the undemocratic tendencies and ensure balance between interests and needs of humanity. If we want this system to operate in global scale, we should accomplish many political, economical and social conditions. Although the main term is the tendency of its members to freely implement of international law and create international institutions. It gives the author an occasion to consider one more issue. The thing concerning character of the system, which from its very nature can provide universal, consensual or relative character of its own consequences.
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The United States and China as the world’s two biggest consumers of oil and energy have an increasing impact on global energy geopolitics. Growing Chinese demand for energy creates free competition, and even direct rivalry between the two countries for energy resources. At the same time, the United States and China appear to have fundamentally different views regarding the role of global energy markets. While the United States bases their energy policies largely on free market fundamentals, Beijing in order to meet the country’s demand, conducts statist politics and creates policies based on bilateral agreements with producer countries. The area of particular interest to both countries is the Persian Gulf region, enriched with energy sources. Meanwhile, despite differing perceptions, global energy interests of China and the United States are concurrent, and both countries should cooperate to maintain stable and moderate prices of energy sources. The XXI century is the era of competition among power countries for energy sources and increasing demand of the Chinese economy „moves” China from position of a regional player to the role of actor, whose policies have global implications. Will China be interested in adhering to the norms and principles of the global turnover system for energy commodities in the upcoming decades? Will the United States be able to cooperate and reduce the existing distrust with China?
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Under the conditions of market globalization and the development of world trade, the significance of a given country determines its level of involvement in international trade. From this, not only does the security of the country depend on its military strength, but also on its economic potential and international economic politics conducted, specifically trade. International economic cooperation is one of the greatest threats to countries at different levels of economic development. Activity, which is geared at liberalizing international trade, minimizing the gap in stages of economic development, regional economic integration, should be thought of as promoting and increasing international security. This activity is further supported, in a broad sense, by the EU’s well-developed system of preferences. Liberalization of trade with third world countries aids economic development plays a role in the growth of exchange and makes the creation of regional integration groupings possible, especially in free trade zones. The European Union uses a very developed and complication system of customs duty preferences, on either a unilateral of bilateral level with other countries. The Union’s system of preferences includes autonomous regulations from the area of preferential trade, as well as decisions based on international understanding and regulation, of which the initiative and regulations of other countries are the source. To this, the Generalized System of Preferences can be added. The European community has a wide range of preferential contracts with different countries, or groups of countries, with different trade stipulations and privileges. Special attention should be drawn to trade agreements, whose strength is drawn from customs agreements between the community and its partners: Turkey, Andorra, San Marino, as well as agreements in which the creation of free trade zones is foreseen: EFTA countries, West Balkan countries, Mediterranean countries. The European Union has undergone negotiations regarding the liberalization of trade laws with the following countries: Latin American countries, Asia (MERCUSOR among others), The Council of the Gulf Cooperation, and ASEAN countries.
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One hundred Afghan troops reportedly fled into Turkmenistan as militants delivered a major blow.
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Filozofi, politologu, veprimtari, autori i disa shkrimeve me krater filozofik e politik, i njohur edhe për librin e tij ”Filozofia politike e çështje shqiptare”, i shkolluar në Prishtinë, Zagreb e ShBA e ligjërues në Universitet të Prishtinës, mr. Ukshin Hoti, në vitet 70 të shekullit të kaluar i kishte bërë vend vetes edhe në, siç quhej asokohe, Sekretariatin Krahinor për Marrëdhënie me Botën e Jashtme. Për më tepër, nga të dhënat e dokumentacionit të këtij sekretariati, rezulton se mr. Ukshin Hoti, së bashku me prof. dr. Zejnullah Grudën, përbënin dy shtyllat kryesore në udhëheqjen e këtij shërbimi. Sigurisht, duke qenë në pozita me rëndësi në këtë sekretariat, mr. Ukshin Hotit do t’i binte për hise që të përgatiste dhe raporte e programe specifike që lidheshin me natyrën e punës së këtij sekretariati. [...]
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Iran has identified itself with Shia Islam after the Islamic Revolution in 1979. Withinthis framework, Tehran takes steps in order to protect Shi’i communities’ interests and make them come into power in their countries if possible. Although Iran’spolicy has been based on supporting Shi’i militia forces, Tehran keeps increasing its influence on countries of concern not only by using hard power but also using soft power effectively. The argument of this article is that by the use of soft power invarious countries Iran endeavors to gain sympathy from Shi’i communities and to form an Iranian-sided public reaction, and it involves in public diplomacy activities.
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The primary purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between scenario planning and strategic performance. The data was collected from 121 Multinational corporations operating in Jordan by using a questionnaire. Pearson correlation and the partial least squares (PLS) methodology for factor analysis and path modelling was used to test the study hypotheses. The study found a positive and statistically significant relationships between scenario planning and the four components of strategic performance: financial performance, customer performance, learning and growth, and internal business processes. Based on these findings, the study recommends that managers should apply scenario planning practices to enhance the levels of strategic performance in their companies. Additionally, managers should raise the awareness of their employees regarding the importance of both scenario planning and strategic performance. Moreover, managers should provide their employees with adequate training courses in relation to acquire the knowledge and build their skills in the field of scenario planning. Finally, managers should use the diagnostic instruments that developed by previous research to assess a company’s strategic performance and scenario planning practices, identify managerial practices that need to be implemented or improved, and determine the resources that might realistically be required to build a better scenario planning process and promote strategic performance. Much more research and studies need to be performed in this budding subject. Links among scenario planning and another organizational topics and outcomes need to be searched.
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The population of the planet is constantly growing, people are moving to the cities. Recently, more and more interest is being given to smart cities as a guarantee of at least comfortable living of citizens, as a maximum – an ultramodern autonomous city with artificial intellect, anticipating the needs of residents, capable of functioning autonomously for a long time. The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of smart cities, highlight the distinctive and common features and outline the initial stages of the route map for the development of a specific city into a smart city. After the study, it became clear that the concept of “smart city” is very broad, scientists are investing a huge number of parameters that characterize a smart city, but it was possible to identify common characteristics. Also, the hypothesis was tested that the city’s urbanization should be oriented towards the inhabitants of this city, i.е. implemented not by a single algorithm, but by an algorithm that is adapted to the needs of a particular city. We proposed a methodology for the preparatory stage of the city’s self-mastering, which is based on expert assessments by a prior ranking, includes 2 stages and which was tested on the example of Odessa (Ukraine). At the first stage, the questionnaire contained questions about the six main characteristics of a smart city. At this stage three characteristics were singled out, which are of particular concern to Odessa citizens and the second survey contained 36 clarifying questions only for these three characteristics. The results allowed to distinguish 6 characteristics from which it is necessary to start Odessa’s growth as a smart city.
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A small number of export-capable sectors is a factor that renders the Latvian economy sensitive to any changes in the external environment, at the same time it is an incentive to look for growth patterns. Internationalisation is a factor that brings growth. International operations can have various advantages for enterprises, particularly for high-growing companies. The born global companies will experience stronger performance in markets that are more attractive and more internationalised. For this research purposes term ‘born global’ author understands as a ‘truly global’ company as well as domestically based company with overseas operations. The novelty of the research manifests as seeking of novel information and novel solutions based on the experience of different countries. Born global companies are the research object of an investigation. The aim of the article is an analysis of external environment perspective that is necessary to predict long-term survival for every company in conjunction with economic dimensions of globalization. The research methodology is based on the overview of literature sources that attempts to describe the key drivers for early internationalization, statistics of high-growth enterprises and survival rates of newly born enterprises, success factors of high-growth enterprises. As the result framework for the future research is created.
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For many years neo-conservatism has been one of the most influential political movements inside the US Republican Party. Its influence can be traced in foreign policy approaches of presidents R. Reagan (1981—1989) and George W. Bush (2001—2009). The neo-conservative ideology is based on the combination of the two main paradigms of the American theory of international relations — political realism and liberalism. Based on the need to establish a democratic peace through American global leadership, neoconservatives do not consider democratization the result of the evolution of state institutions. On the contrary, they believe that the most effective tool for its promotion is the tactics of nation building. The neo-conservatives are characterized by skepticism to international law and supranational organizations. From their point of view, the idea of building a democratic peace must be realized by force in a world that is anarchistic by its nature. Despite sufficient knowledge of neo-conservatism both in Russia and abroad, the task of theoretical systematization, modeling of its approaches has not been put to this day. This study is based on the principles of systematic historical analysis, which involves studying both individual elements of the neo-conservative ideology and their interaction with the environment. In this connection, the work is divided into two corresponding parts. The first part of the article is dedicated to the model of neoconservative foreign policy approaches. Since ideology tends to adopt paradigmatic traits, the study is based on such key definitions as the nature of international relations, the essence of national interest, the relationship between the factor of power and international law, the interrelationship between the domestic and foreign policies of the state, the importance of supranational international institutions and the role of the United States in the global world. In the second part, the constructed model is considered on the example of real conflicts of the turn of the XX—XXI centuries. The conclusion is made about the static nature of neo-conservative ideology and its inability to paradigmatic changes. The model is based on the approaches and ideas expressed by key neoconservative ideologists, first of all — E. Abrams, J. Bolton, M. Boot, R. Kagan, C. Krauthammer, I. Kristol, W. Kristol, D. Muravchik, N. Podhoretz.
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The article analyzes the semiotisation of international discourse. It is discovered that the current stage of international relations semiotisation is associated with the changing role of gender signs in symbolic politics. The interdiscourse nature of the symbolic identity policy is shown. The system of gender marks is analyzed. Gender is considered as a semiotic category determined by the existence of gender stereotypes and their role in social reality. The main trends of the international relations semiotic analysis and the gender cinematic analysis are revealed. The cinema is presented as one of the gender technologies forming a realistic idea of the behavioral models and practices set by the gender hierarchy. The definition of gender semiotics is proposed, its potential is shown in the analysis of specific cinematic case of the Cold War period.
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This article characterizes foreign policy and the cultural and diplomatic aspects of the XII World Festival of Youth and Students (Festival-85) that was held in Moscow from July 27 to August 3, 1985. Based on various sources, including archival and published documents, press materials, and eyewitness accounts, the author examines the place and role of this mega-event in Soviet cultural diplomacy in the final stage of the Cold War. The present projection of the festival program had anti-imperialist rhetoric directed against the USA and other capitalist countries, aggravated by military-political opposition of the two blocks in Afghanistan and Latin America in the mid-1980s. In designing images of the past, main attention was been paid to justifying the key role of the USSR in the victory in World War II and to raising historical parallels between fascism and American imperialism. The Soviet Union was positioned as the unique center for consolidation of anti-imperialist forces capable of solving mankind’s global problems, such as the threat of a new world war, uneven and unstable economic development, and racial, national, and political discrimination. At the same time, freedom of festival communication was limited, and the Soviet side aimed to avoid discussion of “loaded questions” connected with events in Afghanistan and the restriction of the rights and freedoms of Soviet citizens. Also, despite the aspiration to show socialism’s absolute advantages and exclusive merits of the “new Soviet person,” Soviet leaders could not solve several organizational problems that drew attention of the western press.
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Rok 2018 sa niesol v znamení pripomínania si niekoľkých výročí, ktoré sa viazali k dejinám spoločného štátu Čechov a Slovákov. Išlo o 100. výročie vzniku Československa, 80. výročie podpísania Mníchovskej dohody a vyhlásenia autonómie Slovenska, 70. výročie februárového komunistického prevratu, 50. výročie vstupu okupačných vojsk do Československa a 25. výročie vzniku Slovenskej republiky. Udalosti spomenutých jubileí sa stávali námetom pre množstvo vedeckých a kultúrnych podujatí. Múzeum Slovenského národného povstania v Banskej Bystrici už tradične zorganizovalo medzinárodnú vedeckú konferenciu, na ktorej dostali priestor prezentovať vlastný výskum bádatelia venujúci sa prelomovému roku 1938. Podujatie otvoril riaditeľ spomenutého múzea, Stanislav Mičev, ktorý na úvod zrekapituloval význam roku 1938 v medzinárodných a vnútropolitických súvislostiach. Upozornil tiež na budúcoročné výročie vzniku slovenského štátu. Múzeum SNP pri tejto príležitosti plánuje usporiadať dve konferencie, jedna z nich sa uskutoční v Prahe dňa 14. 3. 1939, teda presne 80. rokov od hlasovania v Sneme Slovenskej krajiny o utvorení samostatného Slovenského štátu. Druhé konferenčné podujatie sa potom bude realizovať v „hlavnom meste“ Povstania v apríli 2019. Obe konferencie budú spoluorganizované s českými partnerskými inštitúciami. [...]
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This paper mainly aims to explore the macroeconomic determinant factors and its impact on the inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in Turkey for recent years. Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM) are the econometric methods that used to investigate the long-term conintegration relationships between the dependent variable and independent variables, using the quarterly data of 2005Q1-2017Q4. The study results reveal that statistically positive relationship exists between dependent variable FDI and independent variables GDP, GDP growth rate, Trade Openness, Interest Rate and Unemployment Rate in Turkey in the long-term. However, the statistically negative impact of Inflation Rate on FDI inflows in Turkey is identified through the empirical analysis. The study findings also indicate that the Real Effective Exchange Rate statistically has no effect on inward FDI in Turkey for long-term.
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