Štěpánek, Pavel. Kapitoly z dějin česko-španělských styků a vztahů
Review of: Jan Jakubej - ŠTĚPÁNEK, Pavel. Kapitoly z dějin česko-španělských styků a vztahů. Praha: Karolinum, 2018, 282 s. ISBN 978-80-246-3671-9.
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Review of: Jan Jakubej - ŠTĚPÁNEK, Pavel. Kapitoly z dějin česko-španělských styků a vztahů. Praha: Karolinum, 2018, 282 s. ISBN 978-80-246-3671-9.
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The organization of the University of Upper Dacia in Cluj was the result of an admirable solidarity of the Romanian academic environment. Prestigious names from the universities of Bucharest and Iași ral lied around the project of establishing a Romanian higher education institution right in the heart of Transylvania. The phenomenon is not surprising. A simple look at the historical process of organizing the Romanian universities in the Old Kingdom shows that both the educational institutions from Iași and Bucharest owed their systematization and progress to some Transylvanians as well. They applied the principle they adhered to and upheld, according to which the evolution of a nation can be done only through culture. They were convinced that only in this way could a dialogue with the great European nations be reached. Thus, they put the theory into practice. Therefore, the inter-Romanian university mobility took place, initially, from Transylvania to the Romanian extra-Carpathian territory. Later, at the beginning of the 20th century, the meaning of this movement was reversed, i.e. from the Old Kingdom to Transylvania. In 1919, when they were asked to contribute with their experience and expertise to the organization of Romanian higher education in Cluj, the teachers of the universities of Iași and Bucharest answered affirmatively. Our approach highlights the contribution of these teachers to the organization of Alma Mater Napocensis.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse academic mobility and other forms of scientific cooperation against a larger political background. The relations between “Babeș-Bolyai” University in Cluj-Napoca and the University of Geneva, between 1919 and 1979, were marked by radical political changes. The shifting international context had a particularly great impact on the Romanian institution, which made a difficult transition from a democratic to a totalitarian regime after World War II. In the first part of the paper, we identified contacts between the Romanian University in Cluj and the Swiss academic community during the interwar period (1919-1939). It was a favourable period for international scientific collaboration, when a “tradition” of cooperation between the universities of Cluj and Geneva was born. The second part of the paper is focused on the various forms of cooperation between the two institutions in the following decades (1939-1979), with a special emphasis on academic mobility. A significant moment was the signing of a cooperation convention in 1971. The information provided by official documents issued by the two universities during the following years reveals the numerous obstacles they faced in their efforts to implement the provisions of the convention.
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The present study maps the history of the Chapel of St Barbara in the Parish Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary in Banská Bystrica from several aspects. The first part of study follows the building and historical development of the chapel. In the second part, the original furnishings of the chapel, of which the altar of Master Paul of Levoča is still preserved, are the focus. The third and last part focuses on the funds bound to the chapel, through which it is possible to observe the intricate interconnections of the local burghers’ families. In addition to the aforementioned, the author attempts to look through the history of the chapel into the wider historical context of the town of Banská Bystrica in that period.
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Konferencia „Múzeá v prírode – koncepcie, realita a vízie“, 15.- 16. mája 2019 vo Vychylovke
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The subject of the research presented here is the language and content of the definitional terms, categories and concepts relating to museum education in the historiography of the topic. The article is a review that provides an analysis of selected papers on museum education, surveying the categories, terminology and definitions proposed by Polish, Ukrainian and Russian researchers. The study also involved looking at museum websites to review the descriptive terms, concepts and categories used in the sections relating to the museums’ educational activities. Finally, against this background the authors present their own approaches and definitions relating to museum education. The work is partly a result of the experience of the authors’ own common educational practice and investigations. The cultural contexts of museum education are significant and influential in the quality of the services provided in each of the surveyed countries and museums. The generalisations presented are appropriate to the specific contexts of the research reports and educational projects quoted.
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As soon as the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising broke out, it attracted the attention of the world community. In order to reflect its development, a whole legion of representatives of the planetary periodical press poured into the Balkans (and above all in Bulgaria). Among them, the British turned out to be the most numerous and the best technically equipped – mostly with cameras. They sent the photos taken in Bulgaria to their own country – to the editorial offices of the most authoritative illustrated London magazines. Thanks to the magazines “Illustrated London News”, “Graphic”, “Sphere”, “Tatler” the visual element prevailed over the verbal one – through the photographs the subjects of King Edward VII became more acquainted with the problems of the Bulgarians in Macedonia, with their way of life, with their ethnic, everyday, cultural and religious characteristics, with their spiritual and political leaders, they more easily realized the motives that led these people to the glorious rebellion – an act of despair, but also of hope.
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The article is based on the preserved documentary material about the ‟Academic Society for Combating the Neuilly Treaty”. It is a factual detail of the public reaction in Bulgaria against the Neuilly Peace Treaty imposed on it at the end of November 1919. The study presents the goals of the society, founded on November 20, 1932 at the leading Bulgarian university – Sofia University, the means to achieve them, as well as brief information about most of its activists. Several documentary appendices have been added to the publication.
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Na području Sebešića u zoni Srednjobosanskog škriljavog gorja registrovani su brojni kraški fenomeni, koji nisu tipični za sredinu u kojoj su nastall, Vilinska Pećina formirana u devonskom dolomitu i dolomitičnom krečnjaku koji na tom prostoru izgrađuje jezgru antiklinorijuma. Ispitani dio pećine ima razvijenu mrežu kanala i pukotlna koji su bogati pećinskim nakitom.
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Review of Daniel Logemann: Das polnische Fenster. Deutsch-polnische Kontakte im staatssozialistischen Alltag Leipzigs 1972-1989. (Europas Osten im 20. Jahrhundert, Bd. 2.) Oldenbourg. München 2012. VI, 372 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3-486-71303-9. (€ 49,80.). Reviewed by Anna Pelka.
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The purpose of the project (Synods and Assemblies of the Catholic Church in Hungary – 1790–2010) was to conduct basic research for the objective exploration of the History of the Hungarian Catholic Church between 1790 and 2010. By doing basic research at Hungarian and foreign archives, the research group explored the documents of Catholic synods held in historic Hungary. The number of writings published with OTKA reference is 102 (with 10 German, 1 Russian, and 1 Italian among them). The analysis of its institutional history is done through synodal acts and decrees of the Church beginning with1782, when Ioan Bob, who at the institutional level prepared the Church for the modern age, was elected Bishop, down to 1900 and the decisions taken by the provincial synod in that year.
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This study stopped at the texts about Petru Maior, from Romanian historiography, published between 1944-1989. My study tried to answer a few questions: what was left and what was diluted from the reconstructions of the romantic and positive historians, about the work and activity of Petru Maior? How has the historical truth been affected by the communist ideology? The texts about Petru Maior, included in this analysis, were related to political changes and can be divided into several stages: a. until 1948, about Petru Maior wrote lay historians and clergy alike, Greek Catholics and Orthodox, who, in fact, continued research started in previous years. This is the case of Zenovie Pâclișanu, Ștefan Manciulea, Constantin C. Giurescu, Nicolae Albu, Ioan Lupaș, Vasile Netea, Dimitrie Popovici, for whom the care of the name of Petru Maior can be found in larger refunds, in area histories or in case studies; b. a new discourse on the Enlightenment generation, implicitly on Petru Maior is initially seen in Petre Constantinescu-Iasi, in 1945, the one who will become one of the official historians of the new regime; c. after 1948 – the image of Petru Maior in Romanian historiography has undergone several major transformations. The omission of specifying the confession to which our historian belonged was associated with the repeated attempts of the Orthodox theologians to consider him part of the Orthodox church. Other signs of the new ideology came from those who sought to inscribe the activity of Petru Maior in the terms of the “class struggle”, as a defender of the peasantry. This is what I found in the texts signed by N. Mladin, I. Vlad, Al. Moisiu, inspired by the previous writings of Haralambie Cojocaru and Policarp Morușca, the protopop A. Radu. Dogmatic conformism can also be found in other authors, such as Ion Lungu, Romulus Munteanu and, unfortunately, Nicolae Albu. d. finally, the national idea brought back to discussion in Romanian historiography around 1964–65, also created a favorable corridor for the new researches of the Enlightenment generation. Several studies published since those years have been able to capitalize on important readings from European historiography or from the old Romanian interwar historiography. This is the case of Lucian Blaga, Pompiliu Teodor, Iosif Pervain, Maria Protase, Adrian Marino, Vlad Georgescu, Iacob Mârza or Francisc Pall.
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In 1948, the Greek-Catholic Church from Romania was abolished by the Communist Regime of Bucharest, because of its anti-communist attitude and partnership with Rome. The bishops who survived the prisons after 1964 started to secretly ordain new priests to ensure their continuous existence in catacombs as a structure and human resources. This study, entitled „Reghin, the town of Greek-Catholic priests secretly ordained by the bishop Alexandru Todea, during the Communist Regime (1964–1989)”, tries to recompose the list of consecrated priests in Reghin, their exact ordination date, origins and background, the priesthood formation, whether they were celibate or married before ordination, their secret activity and professional evolution after the way out in 1989. It is noted the courage proved both by the bishop and his candidates to consecration, a prejudice to the communist „public order” that was determined by the strong Catholic faith.
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In Classical Turkish Literature, many works have been written with the form of Mathnawi poetry. In these works, different methods have been applied in the processing and presentation of the topics. One of these methods is telling a representation story in accordance with the flow of the subject. Representation means to transfer the event corresponding to a situation, reprisal, sameness. While the poet tells a story in his work, integrates this story with the topic and finds the story in accordance with the flow of the theme. In selected stories, the main purpose of the topic is observed. In the direction of its designated purpose, it is provided to advise to the reader and make them take lessons from the story. Reader's excitement is actuated and gaining new approaches is targeted. Thus, the poet tells repellent regarding the theme. Representation, as clarified to the narration of the poet it provides the fluency of the subject, removes its boredom, and makes an important contribution to the reader's understanding and learning. The reader, who identifies with the event and the hero in the story, takes the required lesson.
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The history of Islamic science is one of the hardest areas to summarize. The legacy of a gigantic civilization is wide enough to fit into a few volumes of books. This situation forces researchers and scientists working on the field to work on samples. The works of art, which constitute an important place in the history of Islamic science, are one of the areas where even the employees in the field have difficulty in preparing catalogs. For this reason, studies conducted by periodic and regional distinctions naturally bring some deficiencies. In this context, Sezgin's work on the history of Islamic science is naturally the most incomplete field of art works. Fuat Sezgin stated this with a brief introduction to the architectural section and criticized both that he did not have any command over the subject and that the models he made were not sufficient in comparison to the existing works. In this study, the general status of the works examined by Fuat Sezgin under the title of architecture and the comparisons of Sezgin's contributions to the architectural work will be made.
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The Land Exhibition of 1894 in Lemberg (Lviv/Lwów) was a multi-medial social and political event in fin de siècle Galicia. Different interest groups from political and corporate backgrounds used the exhibition to communicate their vision of development and prosperity for imperial Austria’s Eastern borderland. To achieve this goal, a broad variety of recent and traditional media techniques was used. Inter-acting images, texts, artefacts, press coverage, polemical publications, and performative elements produced a highly persuasive range of communication. Austrian imperial, Galician regional, and national identities were communicated and competed with each other in this field. Which one prevailed, or which one was displayed in combination or co-existence with others, depended on the particular circumstances at any one time (e.g. the Emperor’s visit to Lviv, or patriotic gatherings of different background, or leisure). The Poles, who politically dominated the Crownland, discovered the genre of historical battle panoramas, and transformed an important Polish lieu de mémoire, the Kościuszko uprising of 1794, into a tourist attraction, the Racławice Panorama on the Exhibition grounds. Polish gentry and state functionaries organised mass trips of peasants and schoolchildren (both Polish and Ukrainian/Ruthenian) as patriotic pilgrimages. In presenting Polish industry, commerce, and agrarian production from all regions of partitioned Poland and even from the Polish communities in the Americas, Poles tried to convey the image of a modern, united Polish nation. The Ukrainians (Ruthenians), the non-dominant nation in Galicia, sought to highlight their ancient East Slavic roots in Eastern Galicia, and focused their attempts on a presentation of indigenous Ruthenian traditional culture in an Ethnographic exhibition which technically was on an advanced European level. Ukrainian activists chose this strategy in order to underscore their claims for social emancipation and fair representation in Galicia’s political bodies. This self-folklorization strategy was very successful – the Ethnographic exhibition being one of the most frequented parts of the Land exhibition. However, the traditionalist concept of Ukrainian culture was in stark contrast to social reality, as Galician Ukrainian society had been rapidly modernizing and mobilizing since 1848. The Polish and Ukrainian national movements intended to set the agenda by producing unambiguous messages and evoking emotions, but they were often not able to gain full control over the images they produced, and the creation of social identities. As evidence on (peasant) visitors shows, many Galicians used the Exhibition in their own ways which had not been anticipated by patriotic organisers – first of all as a place for leisure and holiday, and also for consumption: of goods, food, news, sensations, and new media forms.
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The progress of a society is partially conditioned by education, a condition valid both in the past and in the present, the education systems having particularities specific to times and people. Marius Mircu, the Romanian journalist of Jewish origin, born at the beginning of the 20th century, in Bacău, grew up and was educated in the middle of one of the communities that paid special attention to the learning process. Our paper will explore some of his works concerning higher education institutions. The love for the study was passed on through his press articles and volumes dedicated to this topic. For the purpose of this paper we want to bring up to date Mircu’s works concerning two moments in the history of European higher education, namely the Middle Ages in France (with a focus on Paris) and the University of Bucharest – Faculty of Law (mid-20th century).
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Misliti o apsolutnome Biću, Koje nije i ne može biti biće među bićima, već je Biće svih bića, nemoguće je a da se ne misli i o ne-Biću. Koliko god se to činilo čudnim, ne-Biće sebe obznanjuje Bićem, jednim i jedinim, nerazlučivim i nesastavljivim. Biće se potom obznanjuje u neizbrojivom mnoštvu imena imaginacijskim svjetovima, i naposljetku, u krajnjoj nizini i osjetnim svijetom. I imena i sve drugo do najniže niskosti obznanjuju se u dvojini, u razlučenosti. Imena Bića su lijepa. Obznanjuju se u odnosu na svoje suprotnosti. Šta bi značila Svjetlost, a da nema tmina? Šta Dobro, a da nije zla? Šta Lijepo, a da nije ružnog? Šta Istina, a da nije laži? Ali ni tmine, ni zlo, ni ružno, ni laž nisu u Biću. U odnosu na njih Ono Se obznanjuje u uvjetnome svijetu.
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Ovo je prvi dio rada koji se bavi aktivnostima pozorišta u opkoljenom Sarajevu u periodu od 1992. do 1996. godine. S obzirom na okolnosti u kojima se našao glavni grad Bosne i Hercegovine u tom periodu, veoma značajna činjenica jeste da su pozorišta i dalje aktivno radila. Tema je izabrana jer do danas ne postoji nikakav ozbiljan rad koji se bavi ovim fenomenom, izuzev svjedočanstava pozorišnih radnika koje je sakupio Davor Diklić u knjizi Teatar u ratnom Sarajevu 1992.-1995. S obzirom na to da je ovo jedan od prvih radova posvećenih pozorištu u opkoljenom Sarajevu, nastavak će biti faktografski jer se u ranoj fazi istraživanja nije bilo moguće posvetiti dubljoj analizi i interpretaciji ili antropološkom istraživanju.
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The article is the second part of the work devoted to the royal stronghold in Wieluń, gathering knowledge in the field of the history of construction. The first part (in the previous volume RW) discusses the history of the castle and historical sources. In this part, an attempt was made to reconstruct the spatial evolution of the stronghold on the basis of historical writing sources and the results of architectural observations in the complex of buildings, in the place of the former castle, were presented.
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