1914 И КРАЯТ НА БЪЛГАРСКОТО ВЪЗРАЖДАНЕ:

Author(s): Plamen Antov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

This article, which may conventionally be classified under the genre philosophy of history, develops two metaphors of high symbolic value. The first is the year 1914, as the start of World War I, the third and last in a se-ries of wars at the start of the 20th century in which Bulgaria was involved. It led teleologically to the year 1919 (Neuilly) which marked the symbolic – therefore absolute – end of the Bulgarian National Revival. The second metaphor is the figure of Yavorov in its his mytho-biographical projection – the poet’s suicide in October 1914 can be seen as a collective metaphor, as a metaphor of a collective ontological loss; but also as an attainment of a qualitatively new state; as the loss of the Revival’s monolithic national aspect and the acquiring of the tragic experience of Modernity and its social fragmentariness.

Апология на разума

Author(s): Dimitar Tsatsov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The article attempts to overcome the so-called "interpretations with the first derivative" in the interpretation and evaluation of Logic by Vasil Hadjistoyanov-Beron. For this purpose, we emphasize the importance of Kant's philosophy for the proper comprehension of a number of Vasil Beron’s basic views on the relation between psychology and logic, between philosophy and the natural science, and others.

INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL TRAUMAS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN IDENTITY IN THE SECOND HALF THE ХІХth – THE FIRST THIRD OF THE ХХth CENTURY: HISTORIOGRAPHY ASPECT

Author(s): Nataliia Semerhei / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

L'article met en évidence et analyse les dernières recherches de l'historiographie ukrainienne, qui sont consacrées à l'étude de l'impact des traumatismes culturels et historiques sur la formation de l'identité nationale ukrainienne dans la seconde moitié du XIXe et au début du XXe siècle. Les outils de recherche scientifique sont présentés par des méthodes empiriques (recherche bibliographie et bibliométrie), scientifiques générales (description, explication, analyse, synthèse, généralisation) et spéciales (méthode historique et conceptuelle, méthode d'interprétation historique et scientifique, méthode herméneutique) qui permettent une compréhension scientifique et une représentation scientifique des connaissances historiques accumulées sur la place et le rôle des traumatismes culturels et historiques dans le développement de l'identité ukrainienne à l'époque impériale. La nouveauté scientifique est que, pour la première fois dans la connaissance historiographique nationale, on a considéré l'état de la couverture du problème du développement de l'identité nationale ukrainienne de la seconde moitié du XIXe - début du XXe siècle du point de vue de la méthodologie de l'Europe occidentale pour les traumatismes culturels et historiques.

Viscerālais feminisms kā mākslas interpretācijas metode

Author(s): Jana Kukaine / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 24/2020

The article introduces the notion of visceral feminism and advances its usage as a methodological framework for art interpretation capable of addressing urgent political and artistic challenges, as well as histories of traumatic legacies and imperial powers (among them, the peculiarity of the post-Soviet condition). Drawing encouragement from feminist political theory, carnal aesthetics and new materialism, visceral feminism enhances corporeality in order to address the visceral dimension of the body and the capacity for a liveable life. Due to the multitude of theoretical references, the first part of the article is devoted to providing an insight into the continuity of visceral feminism and the leading traditions of feminist philosophy, especially of feminist aesthetics and theories of the body. It should be noted that in the academic debates of the last decade, the term ‘visceral’ has already obtained some theoretical coverage. However, its potential for grounding a methodological approach for a profoundly feminist art interpretation, especially within the political framework of the Eastern Europe, has not yet been elaborated. After providing a brief summary on the theoretical context of visceral feminism, the term is defined and examined in detail by incorporating theoretical insights of both post-structural theory (notably, Judith Butler) and the new materialism (Barbara Bolt, Jane Bennett etc.). Thus visceral feminism is understood as a viewpoint which prompts the issues of bodily matter, its liveliness, intrinsic vitality and fluxes of dynamic life forces, as well as articulating the body’s ability for agency and resistance, while at the same time preserving the post-structural findings about how ideology and social norms shape and transform our bodies. From this perspective, the political claims for a liveable life can be made which become the foundational question also for visceral art interpretation: how can art affect bodies viscerally? Rather than examining the immediate psychosomatic reactions to artworks, the aesthetic position of visceral feminism focuses on the performative powers of art to transgress the art world’s institutionalized framework and its common art audience. The capacity of art to perform, to bring into being or, to borrow a term from John Langshaw Austin, to do (emotional, conceptual or material) things, is of crucial importance. These are the qualities that have the utmost impact and ultimately reveal the inherent political potential of art to transform not only society, but also to affect bodies on a visceral level. While social changes may take decades and are sometimes hard to grasp, visceral transformations (from tears to laughter, from shame to anger, from pain to solace) are straightforward – they are a crucial part of everyday lived experience. However, the insights into these experiences are seldom universal or self-obvious. In pursuit of embodied knowledge, visceral feminism draws from the standpoint of feminist theory that questions both the possibility of objective knowledge and the neutrality of cognition. Instead, a visceral standard for knowledge is established; in order to claim epistemic authority, one must not distance herself, but rather immerse into the bodily matter. The perspectives of such investigations are often reinforced by (a feminist) art practice and therefore can be addressed through theoretical art research. For the purpose of visceral scrutiny, two artworks have been selected – the painting “Susanna and the Elders” by Artemisia Gentileschi (1610) and a work by Latvian artist Rasa Jansone, “Self-Portrait. Exercise Machine I” (2017). Both are examined from the perspective of visceral feminism. This enables us to account for a variety of issues of the marginalization and oppression of women embedded both in the gendered art history and today’s culture, as especially manifest in the patterns of passive victimhood and sexual objectification. While the juxtaposition of the iconic work of feminist art scholarship from the Baroque era (Gentileschi) and a contemporary painting which draws on post-Soviet legacies and the neo-liberal cult of a superwoman (Jansone) may seem daring, the encounter of the two artworks succeeds in encouraging a transgenerational and transnational feminist genealogy in arts, based on the visceral experiences of bodies, their capacity to act and to strive for a liveable life. Both paintings highlight the scope of bodily resistance and thereof put forward a feminist materialist critique of the Western art canon as well as the oppressive body politics of today. By addressing the questions of art’s animacy and its agentic potential in intervening and engaging with the materiality of the world, visceral art interpretation aims at promoting care, empathy and love which make life more liveable.

Бежанци в Хасковски окръг след Ньойския договор 1919 г.

Author(s): Violeta Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The refugee issue was one of the most important after the end of the First World War. For Bulgaria, after the signing of the Neuilly Peace Treaty, this problem marked the entire post-war decade. Thiscontribution traces the specifics of the refugee and migration flow inthe Haskovo region in the 1920s on the basis of a number of studies on the subject, archival documents, materials from the local press and official statistics.

Vintilă Horia: Between a Fascist Past and an Embellished Posterity

Author(s): Alexandru Florian / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2020

There were moments in Romanian culture, after 1990, when the interwar cultural heritage was evaluated in a counter-motion as to the way it had been during the communist regime. Everything that had been rejected then became apt for recognition and furthering. Cioran,Eliade, Noica, Vulcănescu, or Vintilă Horia, who had been forbidden during this or that period of communism, now had their public memory glorified. Although some of those authors had been found guilty of war crimes or others had shared the values of Romanian fascism and had been their active supporters, there are public intellectuals nowadays who think that their cultural role was far more important and have therefore turned them into idols. Right-wing extremists have symbolically called “saints of the prisons” those who haddied as detainees during the communist regime. The case of Vintilă Horia aims at proving that the support given to his memory by certain intellectuals lacks ethical and ontological arguments, since the essayist partook of the anti-democratic values to the very end of his life.

Nicolae Iorga and the Jews

Author(s): Ana Bărbulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2020

This paper turns toward the image ascribed to the Jewish minority by one of the most prolific representatives of Romanian culture, Nicolae Iorga. The analysis starts with the identity pattern proposed by Iorga and moves to the cluster of attributes that he ascribed to the Jewish minority, as well as the social roles associated to the latter. On a final approach, our interest moves towards the political solutions envisaged by Iorga to solve the “Jewish problem”.

Polskie. Żydowskie. „Pożydowskie”. Nazistowska grabież dzieł sztuki i problemy restytucji w Polsce 1945–2020

Author(s): Nawojka Cieślińska-Lobkowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2020

Institutionalized and unauthorized looting of works of art and other cultural assets constituted an integral element of Nazi persecutions in occupied Poland. It affected not only public and church collections, but also a relatively large number of private ones. With respect to Jewish property the looting had a total character. That fact has not found its reflection in the narrative about the wartime losses incurred by Polish culture, which has somewhat automatically been treated as Polish national culture. What is more, this narrative has continued since the first years after the war. This article concerns the influence of this notion, which has been cultivated by successive Polish authorities, and the practice of the restitution of works of art looted by the Nazis, those looked for abroad and those which were incorporated into public collections in Poland.

Bianca Hoenig und Hannah Wadle (Hrsg.): Eden für jeden? Touristische Sehnsuchtsorte in Mittel- und Osteuropa von 1945 bis zur Gegenwart

Author(s): Mateusz J. Hartwich / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2020

Review of: Mateusz J. Hartwich - Eden für jeden? Touristische Sehnsuchtsorte in Mittel- und Osteuropa von 1945 bis zur Gegenwart. Hrsg. von Bianca Hoenig und Hannah Wadle. (Kultur- und Sozialgeschichte Osteuropas, Bd. 12.) V & R unipress. Göttingen 2019. 379 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3- 8471-0984-6. (€ 39,99.)

TATTOOS AND TABOOS IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Author(s): Raluca Ghenţulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

When communicating with people from other cultures, one has to pay attention to their verbal and non-verbal messages. Besides what they actually say, it is equally important to notice what they do not say, what gestures they make – or avoid making – and what other ways of expressing themselves they resort to. Tattoos and taboos are two of the key factors that are worth taking into consideration when dealing with people from other countries, as they may reveal interesting aspects of their personality and culture. Both tattoos and taboos have ancient origins and reach the deepest levels of humanity. They can explain how we have evolved as acultural species endowed with the power of communicating both through language and through images or gestures. This article aims at presenting the importance of tattoos and taboos for understanding the core features of a culture, with a view to improving intercultural communication.

Kik a palócok?

Author(s): István Majoros / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

The author writes a monograph (At the Land of the Palóc) about a strange people, the Palóc, living in the northern part of Hungary and in Southern Slovakia. In this study the author examines the question of the origin of the Palóc people. He presents the opinion of the classics of Palóc research and the Hungarian prehistory: Fábián Szeder, Sándor Pintér, János Jerney, Gyula Pauler Ármin Vámbéry. According to Fábian Szeder, the Palóc people arrived with the Magyars under Árpád in the 9th century. János Jerney accepts this opinion, but he adds that the Palóc are descendants of the Cumans. Ármin Vámbéry agrees with this but according to him the Palóc arrived in the Carpathian Basin after the 9th century. Gyula Pauler does not accept the Cuman origin. In his opinion the paloc ancestors are the Kabars. Sándor Pintér, the proud Palóc, claims that the Palóc people are descended from Scythian, Hun, Avar and already they lived in the Carpathian Basin at the time of the Conquest. Then the author presents other opinion as well. We know the results of a Slovak researcher, Jozef Škultéty. And he presents the results of anthropology (Lajos Bartucz and Gyula Henkey). We know the theory of Gyula László about the „double Conquest” in connection with Palóc people and the study presents who the Cumans are. At the end of the study the author asks who is right and he tries to answer that question.

Samostan i crkva sv. Ilije u Grebenu (Krupa na Vrbasu), nekoć franjevački, a sada pravoslavni

Author(s): Velimir Blažević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 53/2020

Srpski autori, uglavnom iz pravoslavnih crkvenih redova, kada pišu i govore o crkvi sv. Ilije u Krupi na Vrbasu, predstavljaju je, a i manastir uz nju, kao pravoslavne. Crkva i manastir sada to i jesu, svakako od g. 1888./1889., kada je mitropolit Sava Kosanović na tom lokalitetu poduzeo arheološke radove i obnovio, odnosno nanovo podigao porušenu crkvu sv. Ilije. Nije poznato da se prije Kosanovića itko od pravoslavnih autora bavio crkvom sv. Ilije i manastirom u Krupi na Vrbasu, a poslije njega piše se i govori o crkvi sv. Ilije i manastiru u Krupi na Vrbasu kao pravoslavnim. Da su današnji manastir i crkva sv. Ilije u Krupi na Vrbasu pravoslavni, to je neosporno. Ali se postavlja pitanje: Što je bilo ranije, od 13. st. pa na ovamo, o čemu srpski autori ne govore. Ovdje se želim time pozabaviti i, koliko je moguće, temeljem pisanih izvora i arheoloških istraživanja, barem malo to pitanje rasvijetliti.

The Rock Scene in Yugoslavia

Author(s): Pedro Ramet / Language(s): English Issue: 02/1988

Rock music, ignored at first by social scientists, has lately become the object of increasingly frequent scholarly analysis. There are a number of general studies of a sociological nature, complemented recently by a small literature on rock music under communism. As Orman has noted, rock is a political phenomenon both because rock artists sometimes take positions on controversial issues in their songs and because political elites may use legislative or coercive force to suppress, inhibit, or regulate rock performers, regardless of the political intent or content of their songs. [...]

Популярната градска музика в България от 20-те години на ХХ век

Author(s): Maria Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The article deals with different genres of popular music in the 1920s. In this regard, the material tries to fill the gap that researchers have left so far in various fields, mainly exploring the folk or elite music during the period under review. The role of different public places and their orchestras, as well as the emerging musical houses, record companies, recordings or radio stations, for the distribution of this type of music is also traced. It comes to the conclusion of the intertwining of the various genres, as far as often the same people listened to both folklore songs and old oriental maanes, on the one hand, and the latest Western-European shlagers or jazz, on the other. The same picture was also observed with the dance where, along with the horo and the kyuchek, there were also polka, mazurka, quadrille, and after World War I waltz, tango, foxtrot, charleston or onestep.

Urban Adam Bąk. 2019. Życie i działalność o. Ambrożego Marii Lubika OFM w latach 1906–1998. Głubczyce: Wydawnictwo św. Urbana, ss. 141. ISBN 978-83-953-793-0-7

Author(s): Piotr Górecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Digital Monument Reconstruction in Architectural Studies: Synthesis of Research on the Previously Unknown Form of the Palace in Łobzów (Cracow) from the Period of the Rule of John III Sobieski

Author(s): Piotr Pikulski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The former palace in Łobzów, which currently houses the Faculty of Architecture of the Cracow University of Technology, has an exceedingly rich architectural history. Since the Middle Ages, it has gone through a series of changes that have significantly altered its form each time. Thanks to modern digital reconstruction technology, it was possible to recreate all of its architectural phases in the form of 3D models on the basis of archaeological studies and the analysis of historical materials. The models were then used to reconstruct the most probable appearance of the building during the period when the Polish king John III Sobieski lived there. Determining the most probable state of the palace’s preservation during King Sobieski’s rule, which had not been investigated thus far, was possible only because of the combining of traditional research methods with modern technology.

Болгария и болгары в восприятии русского общества в годы Первой мировой войны: от непонимания к замалчиванию

Author(s): Nikita Gusev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2020

The article examines the attitude of Russian society to Bulgaria during the First World War. Several stages of this are highlighted. The first is from the beginning of the war to Bulgaria’s entry into it. Russian society firmly believed that the Bulgarians wanted to stand on the side of Russia, only Tsar Ferdinand and the government of V. Radoslavov prevented this. Indications of the consequences of the Balkan wars were ignored. This perception of the situation was typical for the Russian government. After Bulgaria entered the war, the Bulgarians were accused of treachery, and the Russian society reacted excessively negatively to this step. However, such assessments soon disappeared from the pages of the press, including due to censorship. The author hypothesizes that this is due to the need to assign full responsibility to the Tsar and the government. In the event of a coup d’état, this could justify taking Bulgaria on the side of the Entente and its territorial compensation in the eyes of public opinion in Russia and its allies.

The Kalebends of Varna Fortress Confinement in the Second half of the 18th Century: Prisoners and Dungeons

Author(s): İsmail Altınöz / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2020

In this article, we will look at the Kalebend’s of Varna and provide some information on the city itself and its fortress. The etymological meaning of Kalebend will be given, and some information on its history, registers of Kalebend and documents will be also provided. Later, we will talk on the crimes that resulted in the punishment of Kalebend and its legal background. We will also deal with those who got sentenced with punishment of Kalebend, how they were transferred to the fortress where they were transferred for their sentence and how the legal procedures took place. The main sources for this research are mainly from the Presidential Ottoman Archives in Istanbul. The Registrar’s of Kalebends in this Archive are classified according to their subjects. We will examine these registrars and documents due to the fact that these are legal documents related to the topic and also crucial for the Ottoman diplomacy. The punishment of Kalebend which derives its legality from the Islamic law has its place in the Ottoman legal system. For this reason we aim to shed light on this topic with the help of archival documents and bring this topic to the attention of the academic world. The first document that I would like to talk about is on the Bulgarians exiled from Bulgaria to Diyarbekir.1 In this document which deals with Varna Kalebends, their punishments, kalebend registrars, the reason why such a punishment was given, crimes committed, the prisoners and their social status, the process of release of the prisoners helps us shed light to the legal and punishment system of the Ottoman Empire.

МЕСТА И ОБЩНОСТИ В ОРЯХОВО И ОРЯХОВСКО

Author(s): Nikolai Nenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 18/2020

Local communities function as dynamic living organisms. Their existence is in balanced forms; therefore, the local names, along with the ancient language forms and nominations reveal also the modern dimensions of space. Toponyms contain the historical memory of Oryahovo and its area and of the people living there. They contain real and imagined events and remain therefore important for the people here regardless of the time that has passed and the changes that have happened. The toponyms that were collected have a distinct presence of Turkish and Wallachian names that were mostly inherited. The names given in modern times are on the basis of the Bulgarian language. The local names describe a situation that should be recorded because it reflects an earlier way of life the names in which represent its spatial delineation. Today, part of what has been preserved and recorded can be recognized only in the present publication; that is the reason why the registered onyms tell the history of the area. Part of that history is the locality named Stalbat (The Pole), a 30 m iron pole transferring electricity from the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Station to Romania. There are no electrical wires across the river any longer, and the poles are part of the memory of a period in the past. “The Romanians take care of their pole. They repainted it last year, while ours is all rust, forgotten” (St. M.). That peculiar token of the era manifests its capacity to use familiar shapes and places to construct the inhabited place. Similar functions can be seen in Esperanto Island on the Danube. It is not that much because of its exotic name but rather because of the practiced models of everyday life and entertainment well known to everybody in the area. In the socialist era, there was a restaurant on the island where they organized parties and Neptune celebration events. That made it a local emblem, related at the same time with modernization practices and active life on the Danube. The young Chateau Bugrozone winery is a significant element of the modern economy. The establishment has even marked its territory with signs showing the beginning and the end of the place where it is. Making unquestionable quality wine, it is nearly invisible in the life of the town. The vineyards are referred to as “the old fame of Oryahovo” (MM); nevertheless, the winery is not mentioned in any of the interviews with the local people. Most probably, that indicates non-matching audiences and a failure in assigning meaning to the local products. Fish and fishermen are an essential component of the culture of this area, and there are a relatively large number of people and places related to the river and the fishing in it. Their stories describe surroundings and a lifestyle showing intangible cultural heritage elements. The present research dwells on the fishing community, with a comprehensive examination of the multitude of components that build the community, and its links with the town and the area. The examination includes the shape of the gravestones in the area as well as the images of the heritage specific to Oryahovo. Field ethnographic studies of particular areas normally evolve in efforts to identify the special ethno-cultural traits of the local population. The former administrative structures, known as counties, are often used to mark the scope of a research. In the Post-Liberation period, counties were formed largely on the basis of the logic of the natural pre-modern life of the local communities forming their own market centers, or towns that turned into their centers. Oryahovo was also a county centre that encompassed territories of the contemporary municipalities of Oryahovo and Kozloduy. The strategic development of the town was promoted by the inauguration of the Cherven Bryag-Oryahovo railway. Although narrow-gauge, that line was sufficient to link the area to the central section of Northern Bulgaria, hence to the capital city and other cities. Oryahovo does not have a direct communication with a large urban centre because there is none at a small distance, not even on the northern side of the river. Its existence therefore has been related to the traditional communication with the neighboring settlements with which it built a joint nomination system, as seen in the toponym research made by Ivalina Vasileva. The Danube River, along with land farming, has been and still is the main business potential of the area where the port and the fishing are the livelihood of many of the local people. We will add here a number of ship mills built by Hungarian migrants; knowing the technology of setting up such facilities on the Middle Danube, they transferred them to the Bulgarian section of the river. Their presence was impressive for the local population. Therefore, the ship mills have remained in the toponym picture of the area despite the fact that nobody remembers them any longer. Territory-based research today is just one of the approaches to research work today. Today, we have a variety of approaches to choose from. We will also include the story of the cultural landscape and the ideas of what heritage is for the local communities in order to outline past and modern cultural tradition forms, and the system of transferring knowledge and values revealing the unity between man and nature. In this particular case there is a specific cultural space; reading it through the “Locus and Universum” (Zhivkova, Zhivkov 2001) will enable us to see what unites people rather than what separates people. The progress of our exploration – along with the recorded names of localities and sites, and those mentioned in the numerous interviews – will reveal the local names that everybody knows, shared spaces and topoi that have become visual memory markers, parts of the town and segments of the river related to the local knowledge, cultural practices, fishing skills or local cuisine. That way, the simultaneous existence of elements will be outlined, and the territory markers – characters, heroes, places of memory, market places and roads – will stand out. We will see, in its full variety of colors, the ethnological picture of the area. The research of the area toponyms and the fishing communities on the Danube does not present images of the daily life and the culture of the constellation of town-dominated settlements that make the area of Oryahovo. The research aims at focusing on the cultural heritage of this area, on the valorized forms of the past systematic realization of pre-modern culture linked to folklore beliefs and Christian ideas that are equally known in by village and town people. They are the factors that help today's residents in Oryahovo area to recognize their own local nature and individuality in the places they live in, the food they eat, the celebrations with which they want to show they are different from everybody else, or in their skills and knowledge about the river and the wild life in it. These places of memory and forms of inherited knowledge, emblematic in their manifestation, have become today local heritage that can be found in the daily life and the celebrations of the people in the Oryahovo area; that is what they need in order to distinguish their identity in the dynamic changes in our modern world. SOURCES: Zhivkova, Zhivkov 2001: Zhivkova, V., T. Iv. Zhivkov. Lokus i universum. Dobrodan, planinata – mitologia i .... Pub. “Alya”, Sofia.

ТОПОНИМИЯТА НА БИВШАТА ОРЯХОВСКА ОКОЛИЯ

Author(s): Ivalina Vassileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 18/2020

This study is the end result of the author’s extended exploration of the onomastic diversity of her home region. The text consists of a theoretical part, register of the villages, list of abbreviations and a dictionary of the local names. The research was initiated in 2007, concluded in 2019 and spread over 31 villages on the territory of the former Oryahovo municipality. Currently those villages are part of Vratsa district. The main information sources of the text are two: 1. The Master’s thesis of Roumiana Ivanova (1972), under the supervision of Prof. Nikolai Kovachev, “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo. 2. The gathered by the author toponymical material — individually and as part of a project funded by the Centre of Bulgarian Onomastics at “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo. The study confirms the initial working hypothesis that a sizeable part of the toponymical material collected during 1972, is well preserved and could be amassed even today. The loss of parts of the onomastic data from the region is due to the inevitable cultural, historical, and socio-economic changes on local and national level. Finally, the active bilingualism remains present in the everyday speech and name formation process in the area of the so called “Vlachs villages”.