We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Kéreşén Tatarları yani tapındırılmış Tatarlar, Kazan Tatarlarının budunsal bir parçasıdır. Bu topluluk, Çar Rusya’sının zorlamasıyla her ne kadar Hıristiyanlığı kabul etseler bile, Müslüman olan Kazan Tatarlarına oranla ulusal dilini ve töresini daha iyi korumuşlardır. Anlaşılıyor ki, din faktörü, ulusal kimliği belirlemede esas rol oynamıyormuş.
More...
Makalede 1920-1930 yıllarında formalaşan inzibati-amirlik sisteminin Azerbaycan’ın medeni ilişkilerinin genişlenmesine gösterdiği tavsatıcı tesirden sosyalizm kuruculuğu yıllarında inzibati-amirligin yaratıcı aydınlara vurduğu zarardan, onların Türk Halkları ile yaklaşmasına imkan verilmemesi hakkında konuşulur. Zengin kaynaklar esasında Azerbaycan’ın Orta Asya, Türkiye ve İran’la edebimedeni ilişkileri ve şu ilişkilerin Türk halklarının yaklaşmasındakı rolü işıklan”tırılımıştır.
More...
Great dramatist Mirze Feteli Akhundzade, who gave a special support to critical- realism in our generalized Turkish literature in XIX and he established many genres in Turkish literature for example with his six comedy (“Hekayeti- Molla Ibrahimkhalil kimyager”, “Misyo Jordan and Dervish Mestali Shah”, “Hikayeti-vezirikhani- Lenkeran”, “Serguzeshti- merdi- khesis” or “Haji Gara”, “Murafie vekilleri”), satiric-realism with his “Aldanmish kevakib” story, philosophical tractate with “Kemaluddovle mektublari” and he established criticism genre with his critical papers. That’s why this great writer’s legacy was one of the research issues from XX century’s beginning till now. From 1970-1980 M.F.Akhunzade’s cultural legacy was investigated from different points. From these periods’ researchers Nadir Mammadov, Yashar Garayev, Arif Mammadov, Nadir Velikhanov, Veli Nabiyev and others tried to show their results in the papers and they paid attention to its positive and negative points. Especially they gave place for writer’s works’ genre problem and issue concerning to craftsman.
More...
Makalede dünya çapında Ermeni Diasporasını kullanan Ermenistan’ın Türkiye ve Azerbaycan’a karşı yürüttükleri faaliyetler irdelenerek, bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonra Azerbaycan’ın Türkiye ile ilişkilerinde önemli alanlardan birinin de Ermenistan ve Ermeni diasporasının Azerbaycan ve Türkiye'ye karşı olan iddialarına ve bu amaçla gerçekleştirdiği kampanyalara karşı ortak mücadele olduğu ortaya konmaktadır. Azerbaycan ve Türk diaspora kurumları arasında işbirliğini zaruri kılan faktörler tespit edilerek, son yıllarda bu istikamette atılan olumlu etkinlikler anlatıldıktan sonra Azerbaycan ve Türk diaspora teşkilatının birlikte çalışma stratejisinin esas istikametleri belirlenmiştir.
More...
Türk kültürüne ait olan motif ve nakışların kaynağını araştırırken, eski türk harflarının motif kaynağı olarak deyerlendirildiyi aşkarlanır. Türklerin Orhun Yenisey Alfabesi harflarından yaptıkları motif ve nakışlar evrensel sırları ve gizli iletişimi sağlayan arac olarak kullanılmıştır. Türklerin kozmik aleme olan ilgisi motiflerin çeşit farklılıklarını oluşturmuştur. Türk harflarından oluşan nakışlar sade, birleşmeli, sahanı-alanı kapsayan ve sağa-sola çember radyusu büyunca dönerek yeni cizgi, tasvir oluşturan nakışlar oluyor. Motiflerde ifade edinen; Nokta, Harf, Basit Harf Birleşimleri, Birleşmiş Harf Birleşimleri, Saha-Alan Birleşimleri Evrenin, heçden var olduğunu ve vahit bir noktadan, yani sifir başlanğıcdan oluştuğunu bizlere anlatmaktadır. Bu birleşimlerin sağa-sola, yukarı-aşagı egilimlerle dokunulmasında var olan alemin her bir zerresinin birbiriyle ilişkide olduğu ve bu ilişkilerden ise yenilerinin doğması ifade ediliyor. Yani bu motiflerden alınan nakışlarda alemin her zaman bütün bir Varlık olduğu gösterilmektedir.
More...
XIX əsrin sonu, XX əsrin əvvəllərində krım-tatar ədəbiyyatının görkəmli nümayəndəsi, Rusiya müsəlmanlarının lideri, türk millətinin müəllimi, xalq maarifi islahatçısı, “üsuli-cədid” hərəkatının və tatar mətbuatının banisi kimi şöhrət tapmış, “bütün türkçülük hərəkatının mərkəzi siması” (Yusif Akçura) hesab edilən İsmayıl Qaspiralı böyük və zəngin yaradıcılıq irsinə sahibdir. İsmayıl Qaspiralı yaradıcılığının şah əsəri olan “Tərcüman” mənsub olduğu türk xalqının ictimai-siyası və mədəni həyatında dirçəliş rolunu oynamaqla yanaşı, görkəmli şəxsiyyətin irəli sürdüyü “dildə, fikirdə, işdə birlik” ideyalarının reallaşmasında güclü təsir vasitəsinə çevrilmişdir. Böyük ideyalar carçısı İ.Qaspiralı mütərəqqi fikirlərin həyata keçməsində heç şübhəsiz, bədii ədəbiyyat və publisistikasını daha əhəmiyyətli hesab edirdi. İ.Qaspiraliya görə hər bir milləti millət kimi tanıtmaqda din və ədəbiyyatın rolu əvəzolunmazdır. Bu mənada İ. Qaspiralının ədəbiyyatsız xalqları “vəhşi tayfa” adlandırılması təsadüfi görünmür. “O, belə hesab edirdi ki, bədii əsər hər şeydən əvvəl geniş xalq kütləsinin arzu və istəklərinin ifadəçisi və düşüncələrinin tərcümanı olmalıdır” (Xeyrulla Məmmədov).
More...
19 yüzyılın sonları ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında Ruslar ve Çinliler Türkistan’ı paylaşma politikaları geliştirmişler ve bu coğrafyanın yeraltı servetlerine göz dikmişlerdir. Türkistan’nın batısı Ruslar tarafından sömürülürken doğusu Çinlilerin insafına kalmıştır.Çin Doğu Türkistan’ı sürekli Çinli valiler vasıtasıyla yönetmiş, halkı maddi ve manevi olarak ezmiş ve yeraltı kaynaklarını sömürme politikası izlemiştir (Alptekin, 1985). Yaşadığı toprakların ismini değiştiren, kültür ve medeniyetini silmek isteyen istilacılar karşısında inanç, ahlak ve yaşam geleceğinin yok olmasına izin vermeyen Doğu Türkistan halkı bazıları, atalarının yaşadığı bu topraklardan, göç etmeye karar verir. Kafileler halinde on binlerce kişi ve binlerce aile değişik zamanlarda özgürlüğe göç ederler. Hindistan’a bin bir güçlükle ulaşan bu göçmen kafileleri daha sonra Pakistan’ın devlet olmasına şahit olmuşlardır. Doğu Türkistanlı Kazak Türkleri Pakistan’da Doğu Türkistanlı Kazak Muhacirler Derneği adlı bir sivil toplum örgütü kurdular. Doğu Türkistanlı Liderlerden Mehmet Emin Buğra ve İsa Yusuf Alptekin Türkiye’ye gelerek Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükümeti’ne Türkiye’ye göç etmek için resmen müracaatta bulundu. 13 Mart 1952 tarih ve 3/14595 sayılı karar ile “Doğu Türkistan’dan göç ederek Hindistan, Pakistan ve Suudi Arabistan’da mülteci hayatı yaşayan Türklerden 1850 kişiye iskânlı göçmen olarak yerleşme imkanı sağlanmış oldu. Bu kapsamda Haziran 1952 ve 5 Şubat 1953 tarihinde Karaçi’de T.C.’nin Büyükelçisi Yahya Kemal Beyatlı ile görüşüldü. Anavatana kavuşmak için yardım talebinde bulunuldu.
More...
Yeni dövr tatar ədəbi mədəni-ictimai siyasi fikir tarixinin ən görkəmli nümayəndəsi Əlimcan İbrahimov hesab olunur. Əlimcan Girfanoviç İbrahimov (1887- 1938) tatar ədəbiyyatının klassiki, məşhur alim-ensiklopedist, görkəmli dövlət və ictimai xadim, Əmək Qəhrəmanı kimi tanınır. XX əsr tatar dili və ədəbiyyatının, tatar elminin, bütünlükdə tatar ictimai-siyasi, ədəbi-nəzəri fikir tarixinin inkişafında əvəzsiz xidmətlər göstərmiş Ə.İbrahimov maraqlı və zəngin yaradıcılıq yolu keçmiş şərəfli və qiymətli ömür yaşamışdır.
More...
Azerbaycan türk edebiyatında romantizm akımının seçkin temsilçilerinden Hüseyn Cavid (1882-1941) aynı zamanda ortaq türk kültürünün, edebiyatının gelişmesi uğrunda mücadele vermiş tarihi şahsiyetlerimizin önde gelen isimlerinden biridir. Verdiyi mücadelenin sonucunda Cavid rus-sovyet rejiminin lideri Stalin tarafından cezanlandırılmış, katle yetirilmiş, Sibiryaya sürülmüş binlerce Azeri türk aydınlarından biridir.
More...
This paper tries to demonstrate how The Godfather by Francis Ford Coppola challenges the myth of the American Dream. The thesis of the paper is that The Godfather is not a film seeking to re-establish American norms and ideals, but that it tries to break down and shed light on the corrupt side of the modern American society through the myth of “the American Dream”. The structure of the paper is so that first, what other academics and critiques have to say about Coppola’s attempt to criticize the American society and ideals will be visited, as this will give the reader a clearer understanding of the film’s meaning and message. Then, analyses of how certain characters are built and how their presence and attributes contribute to the film’s meaning will be conducted, topped off with the usage of props.
More...
The main objective of this paper is to examine the understanding of the natio Hungarica, as it emerges from the texts and images of a number of richly illustrated Hungarian books. The Chronicon pictum (ca. 1358), János Thuróczy’s Chronica Hungarorum (Brno, Augsburg, 1488), Mausoleum regum et Ungariae ducum (Nuremberg, 1664), Trophaeum domus Estorasianae (Vienna, 1700) and Clarissimorum Hungariae heroum icones (Vienna, 1652) served as points of reference for the discussion on the ways in which the Hungarian political community wanted to be and was perceived prior to its eighteenth- and nineteenthcentury transformation into a modern nation. The study encompasses the formative period of Hungarian illustrated books that contributed to the formulation of the national imagery in Hungary, based on the ethno-genetic myths, memories of shared ancestry and collective past, cultural values, legal code, customs and models of conduct, modes of self-display, and, last but not least, on the imagery of the homeland. The three-and-a-half-century chronological scope of the study has made it possible to trace the major changes which the concept of natio Hungarica underwent between mid-fourteenth and seventeenth centuries.
More...
The article consists in a comparative reading of three novels: Um rio chamado tempo by Mia Couto, Le pain des corbeaux by Lhoussain Azergui and Paw królowej by Dorota Masłowska. In spite of the difference of the historical circumstances of Mozambique, Morocco and Poland, these three books meet at an intersecting point: the emergence of an intelligentsia that uses literacy and writing as an instrument to deconstruct the post-colonial concept of nation and to operate a trans-colonial renegotiation of identity. By the notion of trans-colonial, I understand the opposition against new kinds of symbolic violence that emerged after the end of the colonial period; here this new form of oppression is related to the concept of national unity – an artificial construct that leaves no place for a dualism or pluralism of cultural reality (two shores of the Zambezi river, Arab and Berber dualism in Morocco, “small homelands” in Poland). The young heroes of the novels grasp the pen in order to break through the falseness or the taboos created by the fathers, establishing, at the same time, the relation of solidarity with the world of the grandfathers. The act of writing becomes an actualization of the ancestral universe of magic. The settlement of accounts with the parental generation concerns the vision of nation built upon the resistance against the colonizer (it also refers to the Polish cultural formation, based on the tradition of uprisings and resistance against the Russians).
More...
Behind the foundation of the monastic meditation about fountains is a concrete devotional graphic from Western Europe. It is the Dutch emblem that is the key to the interpretation of the religious text, which uses words to directly refer to a specific image. These cultural correspondences constitute a curious phenomenon. They present the spirituality as well as the mentality of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century European society. This seems to confirm, at the same time, the fact that no artistic activity is ever isolated.
More...
Food is an essential part of the material culture of every nation. It frequently preserves national traditions and old names longer than other spheres do, additionally, it lets observe the influence of other cultures. According to dictionary data, dumplings were known in Latvia already in the 18th century. Many names for them have been attested in regional subdialects of Latvian; borrowings usually cover wide areas. In this article, basing on ethnographic and linguistic material notations of different antiquity thus tracing the use of names for dumplings almost a century long and referring to dictionary data from 18th–19th century, the author tried to reveal the use and distribution of names for dumplings of Slavic origin in subdialects of Latvian, as well as to offer fragmentary data on the use of particular Slavic borrowings in neighboring languages. The Slavic borrowings kļocka, zacirka alongside variant names are widespread in Eastern Latvia, i.e. in a rather narrow or wide area of the High Latvian dialect. In Eastern Latvia, the names klučki, klučkas derived from the Germanic borrowing kluči, with insertion of the consonant k under influence of Russian, have also been registered. From the semantic angle, the borrowings kļockas, klučkas and their variants are denoting dumplings made of various raw materials (e.g., different kinds of flour, also pea-flour, potatoes). Further references to ingredients of this food and its preparation are included in the explanation of the Slavic borrowing zacirka and its variants most typical for the peasants vocabulary in Latgale.
More...
Critics of the standardisation of the Irish language argue that the “modernisation” of the Irish orthography has been detrimental to the preservation of the various dialects that form native spoken Irish. The effects of standardisation on Irish consequently form an important precedent for language standardisation. The potential alienation of a language’s native speakers is an outcome of standardisation that is obviously destructive for a language community that exists in a minority. The issues that surround the movement for a standardised Plattdeutsch are similar to those faced in the standardisation of Modern Irish. Since the recognition by the European Union of Low German (Plattdeutsch) as a regional language in 1998, there has been newfound momentum in the movement for its reestablishment as a unified language of Northern Germany. One of the great difficulties of this movement however is the lack of any universal orthography due to the separate nature of the language’s dialects. Given the sociolinguistic similarities of these two (albeit unrelated languages), a study of the effects of the standardisation of Irish is useful for an assessment of the possibility of a standardised Plattdeutsch.
More...
Before becoming history, war was delivered to memory on the conditions that this great tragedy is felt purely personal, individual. The memorial war“bill” is accomplished, then, after a imprescriptibly "privatization" of the tragedy, under the sovereign view on the war, from the official point of view, that remains detached from bomb on earth launched at the height of the plane or at the height of the “objectivity” of war strategies. The lower part of war, combatants and civilians directly affected by the tragedy has a punctual concrete look as a very personal experience marked by a strong “behavioral and emotional identification”. This method of transferring the history of war in memory of participants, as processing and takeovers of “living history” defines the memory of war as war of memory.The historiographical outline of the reconstruction of the war through memory, stages and inflections, the emergence of memory in historiographical discourse as a first concentric delimitation and the typology of the „bottom” memory or, more precisely, the possible thematic or generic dissociation of this memory, as the second concentric circle, can argue descriptive and interpretative valences of the war played between history and memory.
More...
This project deals with the times of Suleiman the Magnificent (1522–1566) and the doge Andrea Gritti (1523–1538). However, the basic problem it focuses on is information – the information that Venice collected through its diplomatic envoys in the capital on the Bosporus and which is preserved to this day in the Venetian archives. Of course, the gathering of information on the Turks, the appearance and development of the so-called genre “delle cose dei Turchi” certainly did not first arise at that time. Interest in the subject goes back to Byzantine times and naturally continued after the conquest of Constantinople. Venice was in a most advantageous situation in this respect, for it had knowledge about the territories and its population accumulated over centuries, as well as commercial and economic ties of centuries’ standing with various cities and ports. This knowledge and these skills were handed down over the years by its officials, merchants and diplomats and preserved through documents in its archives. Venice played a major role in collecting information and carrying it over from the East to the West. Merchants were the most active factors in this activity. Subsequently, especially in the 16th century, these processes achieved a completed form with the development of diplomatic practices and the functioning of the Venetian system of governance, developed into numerous offices and chancelleries of the Serenissima. Their most outstanding manifestations were the famous Venetian relazioni – the reports by diplomatic envoys of the Republic, ceremoniously presented to the Senate. The first preserved written texts of this kind date back to the late 15th century.
More...
Współczesne badania nad obrazowością w dużej mierze opierają się na świadomości kreacyjnej mocy obrazów. Oznacza ona, że obraz nie stanowi jedynie reprezentacji rzeczywistości czy referencji dla procesów mentalnych, ale jest czynnikiem kształtującym i transformującym zarówno realną czasoprzestrzeń, jak i procesy poznawcze istot żyjących1. Obrazy odgrywają więc rolę aktorów/agentów, żyjących obiektów (living things) o faktycznej mocy sprawczej, która jednak jest odmienna w przypadku obrazów o różnej proweniencji (na przykład analogowych oraz cyfrowych).
More...
This text is part of a bigger research, which examines the irrational principles within the origins of human thought and the world of literature.The object of this part of the research is Gorgon Medusa, more specifically the signs of irrational principles present in her mythology, the purpose being a new attempt at exploring the messages within, which shed light on forgotten aspects of existence.There are many interpretations and presentations of Medusa, but the special emphasis is placed on archaeological finds in Bulgaria. The figure of Medusa can be further interpreted as the embodiment of the irrational itself, connected with the secret knowledge of life and death as well as the human nature – the basic problems in literature.This text is part of a bigger research, which examines the irrational principles within the origins of human thought and the world of literature. The object of this part of the research is Gorgon Medusa, more specifically the signs of irrational principles present in her mythology, the purpose being a new attempt at exploring the messages within, which shed light on forgotten aspects of existence. There are many interpretations and presentations of Medusa, but the special emphasis is placed on archaeological finds in Bulgaria. The figure of Medusa can be further interpreted as the embodiment of the irrational itself, connected with the secret knowledge of life and death as well as the human nature – the basic problems in literature.This text is part of a bigger research, which examines the irrational principles within the origins of human thought and the world of literature. The object of this part of the research is Gorgon Medusa, more specifically the signs of irrational principles present in her mythology, the purpose being a new attempt at exploring the messages within, which shed light on forgotten aspects of existence. There are many interpretations and presentations of Medusa, but the special emphasis is placed on archaeological finds in Bulgaria. The figure of Medusa can be further interpreted as the embodiment of the irrational itself, connected with the secret knowledge of life and death as well as the human nature – the basic problems in literature.
More...
The paper presents stylistic figures and contact synonyms in three hagiographic texts about St. Katherine, written in Croatian vernacular. With contact synonyms every single example of the excerpted material is commented separately, by its own, with a view to its phonetic peculiarities, with which it participates in a rhythmic isosyllabic structure. On the ground of the excerpted material, the author tries to make general conclusions about regularities in the choice of lexis, which to be put in contact synonym phrase, for every single text.
More...
