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Review of: Tatiana Borisova - Michael David-Fox. Crossing Borders: Modernity, Ideology, and Culture in Russia and the Soviet Union. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2015. 336 pp. ISBN 978-0-8229-6367-7.
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The paper deals with one of the first university journals in Russia – Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta (Proceedings of Kazan University). Particular attention is paid to the history of creation of Uchenye Zapiski. The related issues of Russian historiography are analyzed. The history of structural and organizational changes that took place in Uchenye Zapiski within 1834–1917 is examined. Based on archival documents, the role of individual editors in the management and functioning of the publication is discussed. The significance of Uchenye Zapiski in the development of scientific communication practices in Russia is revealed, and the relationship between scientific papers published in the journal and Russian social and political life is shown.
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The time of formation and establishment of the national movement in Ireland is considered in this article. Some important aspects of this social phenomenon such as methods, techniques and tools of social impact are mentioned. The age of the nationalism is regarded not only as an important historical stage, but also as a specific period of cultural values formation.
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The features of the functioning of the custom of bride kidnapping in Kabardians in terms of their integration into the legal system of the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the XIX century. The analysis of the administrative and judicial practices related to this custom, examined the activities carried out by the authorities of the Terek region on the reception of certain customs and traditions Kabardians in regulating family relations. It was concluded that these processes resulted in a certain transformation of gender status in traditional society Kabardian.
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On the basis of new archival materials is considered the post-revolutionary period, women's charitable activities in the field of social assistance. Analyzes the work of women's departments in the territory of Udmurtia. It is shown that in the first post-revolutionary decade, women's social activity was aimed at solving the problems of child neglect, unemployment among women and prostitution. Materials of the participation of women's departments of Udmurtia in local committees help the hungry, in the creation of child care centers for the homeless and neglected children, as well as to combat women's unemployment and its consequence - prostitution.
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The paper studies problems of local fashion phenomenon in the context of the Adyghe cultural system. This work analyzes certain aspects of the material culture dynamics (national dress), which led to the replacement of traditional values, worldview, the foundations of society and the formation of a new cultural paradigm. The study advances the idea of dialectical interdependence of traditional styles and modern fashion trends.Based on the materials of the urban youth survey we attempted to explicate female images presented in Nalchik (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic).The article presents a typology of different girlish images, makes theoretical conclusions aimed at a thorough disclosure of the stages of evolution of spiritual and material values in the city, village and illustrates issues related to the transformation of the whole material culture of the local people.Range of scientific questions and issues raised here did not often become the subject of research, especially in the context of historical-cultural interpretation of fashion as a manifestation of the local culture.
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This article focuses on the gender dimension of conservative and centrist political parties in modern Russia. The author conducted an analysis of 29 parties programs in order to find out the importance of gender in them. The study showed that 76 % of the surveyed parties mention in their programs such words as “women”, “motherhood”, “family”. Only two right-wing parties in their programs speak about women's work. “The party of the spiritual transformation of Russia” considers that the work of women in the family should be counted as employment history. Another party “The national policy” makes a reservation,that this measure should be applied to women bringing up three children. Such parties as “The women’s dialogue” and “For the women of Russia” declare that women are bearers of a special’s mission to harmonize the social and political order in Russia. In general, right-wing and centrist political parties give gender issues little concern outside the reproductive discourse.Some parties say that the government must organize favorable conditions for increasing the birth rate, other parties talk about the need for stringent prohibitions(against abortions) and public propaganda of traditional values.The cited data show that none of these parties sees our society capable of self-regulation and problem solving (including demographic ones) through the institutions of civil society.
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The article is devoted to the research of woman's gender identity transformation in the conditions of modernization processes in Russian province in the late XIX the early XX c. The on the base of a « woman of a new of the type » concept by the example of Kursk Theatre then life: the author analyzes the process of Formation of women ''s features the which the allow Reckoning Them for Among the women' of a new of the type (the analysis is based on the press materials ).
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The article considers quantitative methods potentials (methods of corpus linguistics) in studying of biographical texts. On the base of autobiographical texts key words and interpretative method «the semiotic square» of A. J. Greimas the author describes the features of men's and women's life scenarios. The given express-analysis allows revealing the peculiarities of autobiography construction by men and women, and shows the dependence of individual histories on cultural scenarios.
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The article deals with the women’s magazines occupying an intermediate position between large-scale ladies publications and highly-specialized feminist titles. This self restraint and self-directedness, marginalized position occupied by women publications corresponded really well to the idea of silent and obscure woman. Every violation of usual stereotypes of femininity was met with overzealous criticism on the male part of society.
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The main purpose of the article — to shed light on the dynamics of the discourse of the Russian establishment on the issue of femininity and the social role of women in society. The material of press in Tyumen region shows the post-Soviet transformation of the discourse of the establishment. The author draws attention to the normative and non-normative patterns of femininity, mechanisms of stigmatization of non-normative patterns of femininity in different historical periods.
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Российская ассоциация исследователей женской истории (РАИЖИ, www.rarwh.ru), Российский национальный комитет Международной федерации исследователей женской истории, сектор этногендерных исследований Института этнологии и антропологии им. Н. Н. Миклухо-Маклая РАН, Рязанский государственный университет им. С. А. Есенина, Рязанская областная универсальная научная библиотека им. М. Горького и Рязанский областной совет женщин при финансовой поддержке Глобального фонда для женщин, Фонда Ф. Эберта и Фонда М. Прохорова провели 9—12 октября 2014 г. очередную (седьмую) международную научную встречу. Название прошедшей конференции — «Пол, политика, политкультурность: гендерные отношения и гендерные системы в прошлом и настоящем».
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The article deals with the analysis of employing the symbol of Mother Volga in the discourse of the battle of Stalingrad. The author points out that the battle was represented in the Soviet propaganda as defending Mother Volga which served as a substitute of the Motherland. The article begins with a discussion of the theoretical aspects of the nationalism study exploiting the maternal symbol of rivers. It then proceeds to sketch out the role of the views on the Volga as mother in the Soviet culture of 1920—1930s. Next, the article examines forms and functions of the Soviet propaganda’s employing the image of Mother Volga in the time of the battle of Stalingrad. The author demonstrates that using this image contributed to strengthening the Soviet identity; war mobilization; substantiating the idea of the Red Army’s military and moral superiority; and creating the image of the Enemy. Above all, employing the image helped to maintain the collective identity, participating in the drawing symbolic boundaries between “us” and “them”: the Volga received a special status as a hypostasis of the Soviet Motherland.
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The article deals with the analysis of the development of women's prose as a function of changes on the market of book publishing in connection with social changes in Russia since the1980s. The relevance of the article ideas is that the opportunities of the publishing activities were one of the factors in the emergence of such a cultural phenomenon as women's prose. It gives a detailed analysis of the women writers’ works published in Russia from the 1980s until 2012. The author concludes that at the end of the1990s the events on the Russian book market suggest that there was a steady increase of the role of women's prose and the attitude toward women's literature has changed significantly. So, all that is associated with the feminine creativity becomes a particular brand which is used by many publishers to increase their sales. The theoretical value of the article is that the author expands the range of cultural studies using comprehensive, systemic and gender approaches in considering the emergence and development of women's prose in Russia at the end of the twentieth century.
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The article deals with the using of the symbol of the Motherland in the symbolic politics in the post-Soviet Russia. The author demonstrates that the maternal symbol of Russia is employed in the politics of the national identity, in the practices of political mobilization, in legitimation and delegitimation of power, in the rhetoric on the international relations, in politics on demography and education. This symbol serves as an important cultural and semiotic resource of power relations; political actors compete for their own interpretation of social reality with help of the “Motherland”, concurring for the right to represent her. The author points out that researching the using the maternal symbol of Russia is heuristic for studying the nature of symbolic politics in general.
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The development of the institution of the First Ladies in Africa in the 65 years’ period of independence is considered. Among the wives of African heads of State there are many bright individuals, some of them have left a noticeable mark in the history of the continent, not only as the First Ladies but also as prominent political figures. The scope of their social and political activism covers a wide range: from a passive position in the husband’s shadow up to becoming the co-ruler of her State. The evolution of the First Ladies institution in Africa continued with the beginning of the second wave of democratization in the 1990s. In the context of political liberalization, their role has increased significantly. Within the framework of regional organizations the First Ladies have influenced the settlement of some important issues of the continent, for example, the fight against hunger and AIDS, the development of gender equality in society. Their work is largely determined by the scope of the traditional society in which there is a stable system of kinship, of ethnic and clan ties. In some countries, the First Ladies’ institution is gradually becoming part of the local political culture. The First Lady function belongs to the informal institutions of the countries of the African continent. Over the years there have been disputes in African society about the formalization of the First Lady’s status, primarily because of its inevitable costs for state budgets.
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The article dwells upon the role of the symbol of the Motherland in the practices of political mobilization in the post-Soviet Russia. In the first section of the article the author demonstrates how political scientists study the phenomenon of political mobilization, its subjects, resources, types, and mechanisms. The next section focuses on the role which a symbol in general and the maternal symbol in particular plays in the practices of political mobilization. The final section deals with the problem of using the symbol of Motherland by the agents of mobilization in contemporary Russia. The author takes as an example the maternal image of the country from Iraklii Toidze’s famous poster “The Motherland calls!” which serves as one of the most prominent case of visualization of mobilization appeal. The representatives of various political forces exploit the image in multiple forms appealing to voting, to participate in anti-government actions, to support a certain candidate, to defend the Motherland against external and internal enemies. The author makes the conclusion that various political actors will employ the maternal symbol of the country on the parliament (2016) and presidential (2018) campaigns in Russia
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2—6 июля 2015 г. в Екатеринбурге состоялся традиционный, уже одиннадцатый, конгресс антропологов и этнологов России. Самой многочисленной секцией конгресса оказалась секция «Женское vs мужское в культурах мира. Русская культура и женская история сквозь призму мужского и женского», доклады которой охватили более чем три века российской и мировой истории. Работа секции была нацелена на обсуждение проблем, связанных с влиянием фактора пола на конкретно исторические формы коллективных и инди- видуальных изменений, на разговор о влиянии гендерного порядка на факты событийной истории, на дискуссии о связи проявлений гендерных асимметрий с принадлежностью к социальному слою, конфессией, политической и конъюнктурной составляющими.
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This article covers the myth which was formed in the first half of the XIX c. around Nadezhda Durova, the first Russian amazon. To analyse Durova’s biography and Russian society’s attitude towards sex-gender mismatch. J. Butler’s construct of gender trouble is being used. This methodology examines Durova’s and Alexandrov’s social identity splitted into two binary oppositions. The author distinguishes three stages in myth formation about Nadezhda Durova. The first period includes Durova’s military service including the Patriotic War of 1812. This phase involves a conscious creation of male identity instead of a female one. The second period is “exposure” and it is connected with publication of “The Cavalry Maiden notes” in 1836. During this period Nadezhda Durova’s image is being formed in St. Petersburg high society. The third period describes Nadezhda’s secluded life in Yelabuga. It can be considered as response to provincial people reaction towards this case of sex gender mismatch; Durova continued performing the male identity and refused to adopt a female behavior model.
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