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Счетоводни аспекти на квотите за емисии на парникови газове

Author(s): Rosen Kolev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The increase in consumer demand and production capacity of economic entities has a negative impact on the ecological balance in nature. One of the main tasks of the European Union in recent years has been to reduce greenhouse gases and to create certain mechanisms in this direction. These policies create preconditions for reorganization of the activities of enterprises, which requires provision of information in the short, medium and long term. Accounting has a certain place in this regard, which should provide the necessary information for their management.

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AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÇEVRE POLİTİKASINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Author(s): Kübra Deren Tüdeş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 57/2023

Environmental problems are one of the most important problems for living things that need to be addressed globally. For this reason, environmental policies to be developed by each country are of great importance. The European Union has started its work in the context of this policy with environmental action programs since 1973. While solving environmental problems, the Union has focused on environmental problems in order to secure the lives of future generations and to make economic development sustainable. The article evaluates the Union’s steps on environmental policies in a general framework.

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Donald Trump Döneminde Avrupa Birliği-ABD İlişkileri: Transatlantik İlişkilerde Kırılma

Author(s): Mehmet Bardakçi / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2023

This article aims to investigate the problematic relations between the EU and the USA during the Trump era. As the study reveals, significant changes took place during the Trump period, that could be regarded as “rupture”. Trump adopted the (Andrew) Jacksonian foreign policy understanding. Accordingly, he espoused isolationism and unilateralism in foreign policy, self-help in international system and protectionism in international trade. In addition, when Trump came to power, he did not hesitate to put into practice the promises he had made during the election campaign. There was friction on many issues between the EU and the USA during the Trump period, with NATO, climate change, and economic and commercial problems being the most contentious issues of all.

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First Oil Congress in the World

Author(s): Mir-Yusif Mir-Babayev / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

A lot of companies, large and small, sprung up during Baku’s first oil boom in the 19th century. Though rivalry was often fierce, the oil industrialists soon realized that they could advance many of their interests better through co-operation than competition. Thus, the first Congress of Baku Oil Industrialists was held from 26 October to 8 November 1884. The congresses continued to function more or less every year up to the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. At that time Baku was part of imperial Russia and the biggest names in the empire’s oil industry – the Nobels and Rothschilds – took part in the Baku congresses, a sign of the meetings’ importance.

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KÜRESEL İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNİN ÇAĞDAŞ SANATA YANSIMALARI

Author(s): Figen GİRGİN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

The relationship between nature and nature-human is one of the main subjects of art since cave drawings. Nature, which serves as a backdrop for the figure, becomes a topic in itself during the Renaissance and later. Along with the Industrial Revolution, the development of technology, the growth of cities, the change in the appearance of cities and pollution are evident in Claude Monet’s drawings on the River Thames in London. Burning too much coal to meet the demand for cheap and reliable energy, and the coal being burned without filtering, causes air pollution, which is revealed in the foggy image Monet loved in London and in his paintings. Umberto Boccioni, on the other hand, saw the steam coming out of trains and the exhaust gas coming out of cars as a reflection of the dynamic conditions of modern life and associated it with movement and progress. With factories and factory chimneys stripped of human presence and polluting the sky, Charles Sheeler was emphasizing a new landscape under the influence of industrialization. Although environmental pollution can be seen in these artworks, this was not the main thing that the artists wanted to bring to the agenda. As the end of the 20th century approaches, the issues of environmental pollution and climate change, which are mentioned together with land art, begin to be emphasized in contemporary art. In these artworks, the aim of the artists is to show the increasing and inevitable effects of climate change and to raise awareness. In this research with descriptive survey model, global climate change; analyzed through the artworks of prominent contemporary artists in this regard.

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Ekonomi ve Ekoloji Kıskacında Sürdürülebilir Kırsal Turizmin Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Özlem AK,Burhanettin Zengin,Erkan TÜRKSEVEN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 20/2023

Urbanization that increased due to industrialization and a type of style to be preferred as living in the far away from the rural, made the human whose inner purity belongs to nature obligated to go back the nature. The wonder and the interest for the nature turned some of these areas once used to be belong to nature, partly, into the venues that serve for local and foreigner tourists. However, as this transformation enforcing the economic power in the rural areas by means of shrinking their economic and ecological issues, on the other hand leads to deterioration of the nature. This paper according to the parallel shifts that vary touristic demand and expectations around the globe, handling usage of touristic sources to be used within the purposes of touristic and using them in the rural areas both economically and ecologically contemplating the shifts and metamorphosis, argues in terms of the sustainability in the current economic system view. It’s vivid that sustainability’s been restricted in terms of economy, ecology and environment-tourism, as well as, it seems required that rational behaviouristic approach should be replaced by values economics. Within the research, firstly literature search has been done then there have been some proposals in the light of the previous researches about rural tourism’s economic and ecological impacts.

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Scurte considerații privind impactul asupra ecosistemului rezervației biosferei ,,Delta Dunării”, ca urmare a lucrărilor de dragare pe Canalul Bâstroe

Author(s): Tania Anamaria Vasilescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

Being in the middle of the dispute between Romania and Ukraine, the Bâstroe Channel continues to be a bone of contention both bilaterally and internationally due to the dredging operations carried out by the Ukrainian side. The present article aims, on the one hand, at the overall presentation of the chronologically reported events at the initial moments when the construction works of the Danube-Black Sea Channel were started, ending with Ukraine’s implementation of the „Bâstroe Canal” project. On the other hand, the objective of the scientific approach is to see to what extent the norms of international law were applied and respected by the state directly involved, taking into account the impact that the deep dredging on the Bâstroe Channel has on the entire ecosystem of the „Danube Delta” Reserve, both in the short and long term, with the aim of preventing and thus avoiding an irreversible ecological accident mishap

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Енергетска политика Руског царства на Балкану крајем XIX и почетком XX века

Author(s): Jaroslav Valerijanovič Višnjakov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2023

The article, based on the documents of the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, files for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, reveals the plans of the Russian Empire for economic penetration into the markets of Serbia and other Balkan countries in the late 19th and early 20th century. A special place in the economic strategy of the St. Petersburg ruling circles in relation to the Balkan region was played by the activities of the Russian Danube shipping company, which was assigned not only a commercial, but also a political role, as one of the important factors in strengthening Russian influence in the Balkan countries, primarily in Serbia. In addition, the development of navigation along the Danube in the late 19th and early 20th centuries allowed the Russian Empire to gain a foothold in the oil markets of both the Balkan countries and Austria-Hungary and Germany. In 1914– 1915, military cargo was transported to Serbia in a Special Purpose Expedition headed by M. M. Veselkin, using the ships and barges of the Russian Danube Shipping Company. That was an important factor in Russian–Serbian military cooperation during the First World War.

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Europe, where to?

Author(s): Valeriu Ioan-Franc,Napoleon Pop,Andrei-Marius Diamescu / Language(s): English Issue: 63/2023

The authors review the challenges that the Romanian economy and society had to face in the European and global geoeconomic context. Starting from the perspectives advanced by the international economic fora, the risks the European economy will have to answer through counteracting and general resuscitation measures and means are analysed with the rigour due to academic research. In this context, a series of aspects of major interest for Romania are comprised, which we both under the pressure of its objectives registered in PNRR as well as the ones developed as risks in the proximity of the Russian-Ukrainian war, as part of NATO and the EU.

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ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БІОФІЛІЇ В ІНТЕР’ЄРНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ ГРОМАДСЬКИХ БУДІВЕЛЬ

Author(s): Tetyana Malik,Ruslana Osmolova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2022

The purpose of the work is to determine the peculiarities of the biophilia concept, to find out the feasibility of using this tool in the interior of public buildings, to pay attention to its positive impact on the psycho-emotional state of a person, as well as to analyse the prospective development of the use of biophilia. Research methodology is based on systemic and environmental approaches, which allow considering the interior space and subject environment with the application of biophilia as a holistic project. The study has used the method of systematic analysis of specialised resources and scientific publications on the subject of the study; method of comparative analysis of similar objects; generalisation of information obtained in the process of research. Scientific and journalistic articles, domestic and foreign project development of spaces where this concept has been used became the source base of the research. The scientific novelty of the research consists in determining the features and means of biophilic design for their application in public spaces in the conditions of Ukraine, which creates an environment of life and promotes such social organisation and functioning of people that ensure the preservation and strengthening of their emotional state. Conclusions. Biophilia is one of the important ways to help people return to a life close to nature. It has been proven that satisfying a person’s inherent inclination to communicate with nature, biophilic design generates an emotional attachment to certain spaces and places. These emotional attachments motivate people to work productively, and they also motivate us to identify with the places where we live and to support them. Biophilic design promotes positive and permanent interaction and relations between people and the natural environment. Humans are a deeply social species whose safety and productivity depend on positive interactions in a spatial context. The research is motivated by the expansion and deepening of knowledge about the formation of the environment design with the use of the latest biophilia tool, which provides the possibility and can be used in the practice of designing natural environments. The research outcomes can be used in the practical activities of architects, designers and students of educational institutions of this specialisation.

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Nova generacija klimatskih aktivista? Tipologija i neke determinante sudjelovanja u Fridays for Future prosvjedima hrvatskih srednjoškolaca

Author(s): Jelena Puđak,Ksenija Klasnić,Tijana Trako Poljak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2023

This paper presents the results of empirical research that examined the forms of‎ support and participation of Croatian high school students in the “School Strike‎ for Climate Croatia” climate strikes, as well as some individual and contextual‎ determinants of their attitudes and participation. The research was conducted ‎using the online survey method in 2020 and 2021 on a convenient sample of final ‎years of Croatian high school students (N=534). The results show that about‎ 8% of the students were in some way actively connected with the strikes. Using‎ the analysis of the main components, three types of student attitudes towards ‎the protest and the protesters were determined: “protesters fighting for environmental ‎protection”, “protesters as universal activists” and “supportive protesters”. ‎In addition, multivariate analysis tested the effect of socio-demographic ‎characteristics together with the constructs of perception of collective efficacy, ‎environmental concern, ecological worldview, and attitudes about Greta Thunberg ‎as the initiator of the global Fridays for Future movement on established‎ attitudinal structures. The determinants involved were shown to be statistically‎ significant predictors, although not in the same way for each of the three attitudinal‎ dimensions.‎

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Milan Damohorský a kolektiv, Zemědělské právo

Author(s): Wojciech Radecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (31)/2022

Review of: Milan Damohorský a kolektiv, Zemědělské právo, Nakladatelství Eva Rozkotová, Beroun 2021, ss. 228.

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The risks of ecological security

Author(s): Tor A. Benjaminsen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

During the last 15–20 years a changing climate has increasingly been seen internationally as a security risk (Brown et al., 2007). This securitisation has in particular taken place within the military, (green) international NGOs and among policy-makers (Selby and Hoffman, 2014). In conferences about climate security, a peculiar mix of actors can be observed among participants of military officers in uniform, climate activists and politicians. Since 2007, the UN Security Council has also discussed the link between climate change and human security several times, and in particular related to the dire security situation in the African Sahel. In March 2021, the African Union’s Peace and Security Council also issued a communique dedicated to the effects of climate ´ change on peace, security and stability in Africa. International media have generally been keen to repeat a policy narrative about climate-caused conflicts. Especially the current crisis in the Sahel has drawn international attention to climate change as a possible cause. Just to give two examples – Le Monde reported on 11th April 2019 that conflicts between Fulani herders and Dogon farmers in Mali are caused by resource scarcity following climate change and population growth, while Deutsche Welle (11th June 2019) concluded that ‘The conflict between Dogon and Fulani ethnic groups over resources in Mali has been exacerbated by climate change, population growth, an absentee state and Islamism’. Indeed, the Sahel is often pointed out as the most typical example of a toxic brew of climate change, poverty, migration and armed insurgency. This view was reflected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee when it awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 to former US Vice President Al Gore and the IPCC and highlighted farmer-herder conflicts in the Sahel as typical examples of a close link between climate change and conflicts.

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CAN CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE HELP TO ASSURE FOOD SECURITY THROUGH SHORT SUPPLY CHAINS? A SYSTEMATIC BIBLIOMETRIC AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Author(s): Mangirdas Morkūnas,Elzė RUDIENĖ,Aleksander Ostenda / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Purpose – This paper aims to reveal potential research possibilities for enhancing climatesmart agriculture through short supply chains. Research question – How can short supply chains assure food security and the promotion of climatesmart agriculture? Research methodology – Bibliographic and bibliometric coupling techniques were employed using data from 1990–2022. The raw data was processed using the VOSviewer 1.6.18 software version. Findings – The results confirm the positive effect of the systemically important relationship between the short supply chain and food security. Research limitations – Climate-smart agriculture is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. Additional variables may have moderating and mediating effects on the impact of short supply chains on food security. Practical implications – The results establish the importance of having a short supply chain for food security in different aspects of the process from the harvest to the table. Originality and value – This study confirms the rationale for developing shorter food supply chains to assure food security and climate-smart agriculture when possible.

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Beyaz Ayı ve Kızıl Ejder Kıskacında Orta Asya Devletleri’nin Çok Vektörlü Dış Politikaları

Author(s): Medihanur Argali / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2023

The Central Asian states, consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan, which have continued their existence under Russian hegemony since the 19th century, continued to be the playground of great powers such as Russia, China, the USA and the EU when they gained their independence in 1991. In this context, the regional states, started to follow a multi-vector foreign policy in which they balanced the great powers against each other. Due to the subject of the study, the relations of the regional states with Russia and China were examined. Thus, it has been tried to reveal how the Central Asian States applied their multi-vector foreign policy against Russia against China and China against Russia.

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Europejski Zielony Ład – wnioski dla Polski. Przegląd literatury

Author(s): Armand Kasztelan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The European Green Deal (EGD) is the basis of a comprehensive strategic package (European Green Deal Strategic Framework, EGDSF), which aims to transform the EU into a climate-neutral and competitive economy by 2050. The main aim of the author’s research is to systematize knowledge about the European Green Deal. Therefore, the paper discusses the origins, assumptions and sources of funding for the EGDSF, as well as the possible consequences of the adopted solutions for Poland. In order to systematize information on EGD, the author used a literature review method, based on reliable databases found in international scientific publications. The paper stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s aggression against Ukraine have forced EU member states to intensify their efforts to achieve climate and resource neutrality in Europe. This can be done, for example, by adopting fast-track solutions within the “Fit for 55” package. These solutions should be seen as a unique opportunity for Poland to transform its economy into a green one.

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Populist Counterframing of the Climate Movement: The Case of the Hungarian Incumbent Right

Author(s): Dániel Mikecz,Balázs Böcskei,Zoltán Vasali / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The paper’s aim is to understand how the populist right in Hungary answered the challenge of the climate movement, which became a significant issue in the year 2019. The paper answers the research question whether the Hungarian populist right’s narrative reactions differed from non-incumbent populist parties and movements, and to what extent the populist discourse defined these reactions. The paper analyses the content of the conservative, nationally circulated daily newspaper Magyar Nemzet and the government’s press releases between the 2018 general election and November 2020, the onset of the second wave of the Covid-19 in Hungary. The analyses of the identified frames (N = 171) demonstrate that the climate movement was interpreted as the new left, and political interests were suspected of supporting the movement in the background. The accusation of serving hidden political and economic interests and being a new form of the political left served the effort to discredit the climate movement. The results also indicate that the narrative reaction of the Hungarian populist right followed the general communication and policy agenda of the Hungarian government, rather than the inherent discursive patterns of populism. It could be rightly assumed that this interrelation is the consequence of the incumbency and strong centralization of the populist right in Hungary.

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International environmental and climate policy and the directions of transport development at the national and regional level

Author(s): Maria Zych-Lewandowska,Jakub Majewski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The aim of this paper was to analyse the transport-related content of European environmental and climate policy documents and to identify those elements that will be key in shaping transport development in individual countries and regions in the coming decade. In the first part, the authors present an overview of the most important documents defining environmental protection and climate change goals in the European Union. In the second part, the most important guidelines, which should affect the actions undertaken in the field of shaping and developing transport, were indicated. A short analysis of the processes occurring on the transport market in Poland and their convergence with the recommendations included in the documents was also included. The summary presents conclusions concerning the necessity of complementing national documents with the latest EU recommendations.

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Does Globalization Increase Environmental Pollution? Evidence from Turkey

Author(s): Mehmet ASLAN / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The effects of globalization and economic growth on environmental pollution are still a matter of debate among researchers. In the study, Turkey, which has developed its economic cooperations and trade relations with other countries and become globalized after World War II, which defined export-oriented growth as its target, and which has a carbon-dense economy, is being handled. In the study, the effects of the variables of globalization, primary energy consumption, trade openness, urbanization and economic growth on environmental pollution (CO2) are tested econometrically, by using annual data of Turkey between 1970-2020. During testing the relations between variables, ARDL method has been used. According to the results, both short-run and long-run relations have been observed between variables, and coefficients have been found statistically significant. It is resulted in the model that independent variables of energy consumption, urbanization and economic growth increase the dependent variable-environmental pollution. Toda- Yamamoto causality test has been applied which is preferred at most in situations that ARDL method is practiced. According to the causality test results, between trade openness, pollution, and globalization two-way causality relationship is discovered whereas from environmental pollution towards economic growth and urbanization, from energy consumption and trade openness towards urbanization, from economic growth towards trade openness one-way causality relationship is observed. In this context, suggestions are made to policy makers in order to find solutions and take cautions for environmental pollution which has a great importance both for natural and economic life.

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Ekolojist Eleştiri Karşısında Ekolojik Marksizm: Olanaklar ve Ana Temalar Üzerine Tartışmalar

Author(s): Açalya TEMEL KAYMAK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

Ecologism has started to show itself as a strong social movement since the 1970s. In this period, different socialist and Marxist circles and movements, which were increasingly interested in ecological problems, also turned to ecological socialism. The new ecological socialist wave that emerged in this period criticizes the negative environmental effects of economic development not only in capitalist countries, but also in the Soviet Union& Eastern Bloc, and started to question the traditional understanding of Marxism on which this experience is based, in the face of the ecological problems created by the socialist experience. In these debates, it can be said that besides those who reject Marxism directly, two main tendencies have emerged who believe that the theoretical framework of Marxism provides a suitable ground for building an ecological Marxism. The first of these is the line represented by Ted Benton, who thinks that Marxism should be revised along an ecological line, based on Marx's early philosophical writings. The second is the line that tries to create an ecological Marxist theoretical framework based on the economic writings of Marx, pioneered by John Bellamy Foster and Paul Burkett. This debate, which was sparked by Benton's article published in New Left Review in 1989, contributed to the emergence of a large literature on Marxism and Nature with the contribution of different authors, and in these discussions, a series of problems on the relationship between Marxism and ecology were discussed, based on ecological criticism. In this study, the main arguments of the two lines mentioned over the four main headings that constitute the main axis in these discussions have been tried to be evaluated with a critical perspective. These are the concept of alienation/metabolic rift, the critique of anthropocentrism, the debate on the labor process and the problem of value, and the critique of Prometheanism.

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