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Песента на чановете – „най-красноречивият език на миналото“

Author(s): Nikolay Turlakov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

It is not only inappropriate and preposterous, but also impossible, to write a summary of a poem. This is is also true for writing an interpretation of a poem. If the interpretation is adequate, there is nothing that can be summarized about it. Because no parts of it are more or less important than others. This essay presents an interpretation of a motif in two short stories from two Bulgarian writers. The motif concerns the existential meaning and significance of the feeling of life and authenticity in the memories of the past.

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Tarp apšviestosios sąžiningos sąmonės ir saviapgaulės: Hegelio ir J.-P. Sartre’o jungtys

Author(s): Gintautas Mažeikis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2016

Criticism of the ideals of enlightenment is developed in the article by emphasising the limits of the enlightened conscientious reason, objective self-deception and importance of non-foundationalism for existential self-determination. Objectivation, principality and conscientious consistency are often deviations caused by enlightenment. These deviations influence contemporary political and institutional solutions and social regulation. The article is written in the polemic spirit with a lot of reference to the contemporary processes and analyses: a) considerations of ideas of G. Hegel about the enlightened conscientious and unhappy reason, as well as about the limits of objectivation and servitude to abstract principles - these ideas are expanded in his Phenomenology of the Spirit; b) discussion of Sartre about objective bad faith or self-deception and the phenomenon of being-together-with-others as presented in his works Being and Nothingness and Existentialism is Humanism; c) discussion about the importance of non-foundationalism for existential self-determination. The idea of self-deception is interpreted in the context of Nothingness, dialectical negation, making new faces and assuming new social roles. The article represents an active, socially integrated and enabled man, who together with others continuously overpasses the restraints of objectivism and principality, as well as opens possibilities for dialogue of alternatives, their diplomacy and politicality. The aim of the article is to actualise criticism of the conscientious reason, enlightened self-deception and bad faith. The conclusions are applied in the analysis of contemporary public objective attitudes and for solutions of social-constructivism.

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Улицата като място на превращение при немските експресионисти, Гео Милев и Асен Разцветников

Author(s): Vasil Vasilev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This text deals with the dynamics and dialectics of the street as a special space of multifaceted impacts and transformations, which are in many cases of a borderline and ecstatic kind. From the viewpoint of the authors under consideration, the street is seen and experienced as a topos of crisis, of revelations, but also of secrets, of apocalyptic visions revealed primarily in the depths of affect, but also through morbid expressionistic reflection; visions that seem to come together and unite within hypnotic prophecies...

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За човека като техническо животно (ортегианско размишление)

Author(s): Nikolay Tsenkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article focuses on José Ortega y Gasset's understanding of technique. According to this Ortegian understanding man imposes on nature his technological power not simply to satisfy his needs, but also as a manifestation of the continual conquest of reality. Through the prism of technique, the article presents an interpretation of the Spanish philosopher’s vision on the creation of being through incessant activity: man creates his own existence not only economically, but also metaphysically.Ortega y Gasset's conception of technology is also linked to another central theme in his philosophy – life as a radical reality. This issue is also discussed together with some pejorative social phenomena related to technological development like the crisis of desires, the acceleration of life, and the lack of interest on the part of the masses in the cultural conditions that make technological progress possible.

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Емоционално-наративното съществуване

Author(s): Chavdar Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

The article is about a dimension, referable by the concepts of ‘affectivity’, ‘emotionality’ and ‘sensitivity’. The issue addresses both the “disorder of habitual complicity with the world” and the fact that “our acting, talking, feeling and thinking begins as a response to ‘something’ indeterminable that comes from elsewhere”, i.e. to the narrative life experience in which there is enduring/undergoing or “being overwhelmed“ (Sabeva 2016: 241, 244). The subject-matter sets the task of explaining a common field. At its basis, sensitivity is the initial appearance of behaviors and things, because moods (Stimmungen) “throw” us or co-constitute us in the world; emotions are part of our worldly comportment where potential narrativity is equally important. Social attitude, which has its origin in existential “disposedness” (Heidegger 2005: §§ 29–31), sharеs some extraordinaries and gaps. In this process a limit of the self is reached, when one accepts the inevitability of what is being experienced, and self-understanding becomes alienated from one’s own position. The claim of the research is to add a point to the understanding of social integration in interdisciplinary studies.

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Въпросът за битието: Хайдегеровият проект

Author(s): Dorothea Frede / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

Prof. Frede’s study aims to analyze Martin Heidegger’s famous Frage nach dem Sinn vom Sein in relation to his severe criticism of, and hidden dependence on, the tradition of Western metaphysics. The study offers an interesting pluralistic approach, according to which specific meanings of die Seinsfrage correspond to the different phases of the development of Heidegger’s thinking. It traces above all the formulations that this remarkable question received in his early works (The Doctrine of Judgment in Psychologism: A Critical-Theoretical Contribution to Logic and Duns Scotus’ Doctrine of Categories and Meaning) and in his magnum opus. The study represents a big and complex philosophical domain not only through historical-philosophical investigations, but also as a result of a critical account of basic statements of Heidegger’s thought. It also clarifies some of the reasons why the forgetfulness of Being (die Seinsvergessenheit) was proclaimed by Heidegger as the most significant omission in the entire history of Western philosophy. But is this fateful omission capable of rectification, and can it be taken for granted that it is in need of some rectification?

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Transcendence and History in Krzysztof Kieslowski’s Blind Chance

Author(s): Costica Bradatan / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2008

The article examines Krzysztof Kieslowski’s Blind Chance (Przypadek, 1981) as a film with a distinct philosophical significance. According to the interpretation proposed, in Blind Chance Kieslowski touches on both universal philosophical topics (death, meaninglessness, quest for certainty and truth, deciphering silence) and “local” themes (East-European historical pessimism, geography as destiny, “terror of history”). In spite of Kieslowski’s self-declared religious agnosticism, Blind Chance could be—thanks even to the aesthetics of the film—read as a paradoxical theological statement, not so much about God per se, as about the necessity of his existence. In the same vein, the film occasions a series of meditations on historical fate and the role of geography in history, about hope and hopelessness, existential exhaustion, and legacies of silence.

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BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAČKI MUSLIMANI PRED IZAZOVIMA FENOMENA NOVE MISLI: PRIMJER MUSLIMANA SANSKOGA MOSTA

Author(s): Haris Islamčević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 81/2020

This article presents results of an empirical study related to the phenomenon of the New Thought and its impact upon Bosnian and Herzegovinian Muslims through the sample of one particular community- the municipality Sanski Most. This work presents, on the bases of five given questions (Onto-Cosmoanthropological concept, in other words, through the concept – God-the World- Man), the presence of this phenomenon among respondents of different structure: based on gender, age, place of living and education. The sample of imams within the surveying field gave us a significant control-group that was used comparative bases for analysing the survey results.

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KRŠĆANSKO UTEMELJENJE LJUDSKOG DOSTOJANSTVA: KOMPLEMENTARNOST VJERE I ŽIVOTA

Author(s): Ante Mateljan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

The paper is divided into two parts. The first part sets out the problem of defining life in general and defining human life. The answer to the question of what is human life and who is human depends on the approach to the topic of human dignity. Three current approaches are addressed: liberal, utilitarian and relativistic. The second part of the paper provides the basic elements of Christian anthropology: the establishment of the ontological value of the human person on the transcendent basis, that is in God, the Christological center of anthropology, and the meaning and ultimate eschatological purpose of human existence. The conclusion emphasizes the complementarity of Christian anthropology with the demand for respect for the dignity and rights of the human person, from conception to natural death, and the significance of the Christian mission: the proclamation of the inviolable dignity of the human person whose original measure is the person of Jesus Christ.

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Lust zwischen ästhetischer Selbst- oder Ideenliebe und religiösem Leidenwollen beim frühen Kierkegaard

Author(s): Jonas Hodel / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this paper is to offer a provisional, though coherent overview of the different phenomenal aspects of lust (dan. Lyst) with respect to the three existential stages stated by Kierkegaard. It proceeds in four steps: first, Kierkegaard’s concept of anxiety and its relation to personal freedom is introduced as background for the question of how lust comes about in the individual. Second, it exposes the aesthetic character of lust, consisting in the fulfilment of a multitude of desires rather than in any of their specific objects themselves. A third step reconstructs the main critique of the hedonistic ‚view of life’ as articulated from the ethical standpoint. The dialectic of religious joy as an intentional suffering for a higher form of fulfilment is being analyzed in the final step.

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Kritike

Author(s): Nikica Mihaljević,Jovana Nastasijević,Damir Radić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 07+12/2020

Review of: DAMIR RADIĆ - Postmodernistički roman, (Igor Štiks: W. Fraktura, Zaprešić, 2019.) DAMIR RADIĆ - Čežnja za roditeljstvom (Marko Gregur: Mogla bi se zvati Leda. Hena com, Zagreb, 2018.) DAMIR RADIĆ - Tjeskoba i grozničavost postojanja (Marko Tomaš: Nemoj me buditi. VB Z, Zagreb, 2019.) NIKICA MIHALJEVIĆ - Nebeski vodič (Jasminka Domaš: Kadišl i nebeski putnici. Litteris, Zagreb, 2020.) JOVANA NASTASIJEVIĆ - Ispisati (ne)prisustvo (Nada Topić: Otac. Vlastita naklada, Solin, 2019.) NIKICA MIHALJEVIĆ - Knjiga smutnje (Dnevnički zapisi Alojzija Stepinca 1934.–1945. iz arhiva UDBA–e, priredio dr. sc. Željko Karaula. Despot infinitus, Zagreb, 2020.)

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NEITHER SUBSTANCE NOR ESSENCE : THE BASIC MEANING OF OUSIA IN PLATO’S USE

Author(s): Francesco Aronadio / Language(s): English Issue: 18-19/2021

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the basic meaning of ousia in Plato’s philosophical use of the term. “Basic” is not intended as “the strongest”, let alone “exclusive”, insofar as the semantics of ousia encompasses a variety of philosophical meanings. On the contrary, the basic meaning is proposed to be the elementary semantic component of ousia, which is present in the background of Plato’s quasi‑technical use of the term and marks the difference from its ordinary meaning. In view of this, a “genetic” aspect is firstly considered, that is, the connection with the Socratic question “What is X ?”. Thereafter, a brief mention to Plato’s conception of language and its relation to reality is made, focusing on the notion of eponymy. This because Plato’s coinage of the philosophical semantics of ousia gives this term the role of an eponym, in the sense that its prominent value is the reference to the Forms, but this does not exclude (on the contrary, includes) that it may refer to other types of entities. In the last two sections of the paper, a number of passages from Plato’s works are examined to show that the basic meaning of ousia ultimately is “determined existence”, inasmuch as it designates anything existing with its own peculiar feature(s). For ousiai can be empirical things as well as Forms, which implies that the meaning of Plato’s ousia should not be understood in the light of an (Aristotelian) substance/accident relation.

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‘Ëndrra në funksion të zbërthimit të vdekjes në veprën ‘’Aksidenti’’ të I. Kadaresë

Author(s): Klotilda Margjeka-Zalli / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 38.2/2019

The literary work of Ismail Kadare "The Accident" offers several reading ways in the function of dismounting the occurrence of death, throughout the evidences, but even through the fantastic element, and through the dream that ëill be the object of the short work. Build upon various interpretation variants, which is the technique of the author the dream as an inseparable part of the characters, plays an important role in the occurrence of death, in the accident of characters Besfort and Rovena. So our analysis will be detailed in the identification of the dream, its symbolism as a specific language of subconsciousness, subjected literary art, its role and its type in this ëork, being concentrated on the analysis of the text as a study method. After a detailed study of the characters, the effort of consciousness or unconsciousness, gives them fluctuation, ëhere the process of dreaming sometimes is ignored and sometimes is given importance, to give the occurrence not a small dimension and the connectivity of the events with each-other. A terminology which is rich in terms of the time of socialist realism, the figure of Stalin appears in a dream, like an archetype symbol. A particular issue will be devoted to the way of how the period of communism comes through the dream, knoëing as well the relationship of the author with it. One of the functions of the dream referring to C.G.Jung, is that it could predict situations before they happen. It is exactly this function that serves the event and that will get even the next issue in our work, in order to see the relationship of the characters with it. Also we will identify some "dream" expressions being invented from the author or from our popular culture, inherited in time, the dreaming process as a form of snoozing etc.

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Richard Wisser, O moći i spoznavanju. Prilog zadnjem utemeljenju filozofije i njezinom kompleksnom pitanju o Bogu-čovjeku-svijetu kod Nikole Kuzanskoga

Author(s): Vesna Batovanja / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/2005

The review of: Richard Wisser, O moći i spoznavanju. Prilog zadnjem utemeljenju filozofije i njezinom kompleksnom pitanju o Bogu-čovjeku-svijetu kod Nikole Kuzanskoga. Preveo i priredio Zeljko Pavić, Naklada BREZA, Zagreb 2004.

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Revolutionary Neighbor-Love: Kierkegaard, Marx, and Social Reform

Author(s): R. Richard Eva,C. Stephen Evans / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In this paper we compare Kierkegaard’s and Marx’s views on social reform. Then we argue that Kierkegaard’s own reasoning is consistent with the expression of neighbor-love through collective action, i.e. social reform. However, Kierkegaard’s approach to social reform would be vastly different than Marx’s. We end by reviewing several questions that Kierkegaardian social reformers would ask themselves. Our hope is that this exploration will provide helpful insights into how those who genuinely love their neighbors ought to seek the common good through collective action

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O buncie w twórczości Alberta Camusa

Author(s): Marek Błaszczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2020

The paper presents a critical approach to Buntownik. Ewolucja i kryzys w twórczości Alberta Camusa [The Rebel. Evolution and Crisis in the Works of Albert Camus] by Maciej Kałuża (Kraków 2017). Its goal is, firstly, to present the basic theses described in the dissertation; secondly – to depict them in a broader context of contemporary existential philosophy; thirdly – to encourage the readers to reflect on the issues of revolt in the works by Albert Camus.

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IKBALOVA VJERSKOFILOZOFSKA MISAO (IDEJA REKONSTRUKCIJE IZMEĐU RELIGIJE I KULTURE KAO ISTINE NOVOG ISKUSTVA SVIJETA: VJEROVATI, ČINITI I BITI)

Author(s): Orhan Bajraktarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2010

Ikbal, in the era of European expansion of industrial and social revolution, naturalism, evolutionism, empiricism, agnosticism and atheism, indicates the importance of belief in God, and in a Jubranian-Ghandian manner invites readers to turn to Brahmanian, Biblical thought, to Qur'an and Hadith of the prophet Muhammad, p.b.u.h., with a new enthusiasm, new spirit, a new way in a form that leads to a new free and strong individuality, and individuality as a whole. The new individual is not burdened by tradition and history, he establishes a national state, and re-united Islamic world society.

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Natural Reason and God’s Infinite Power: Diversity of Approaches in the Late 13th and 14th Century Commentaries on Averroes’s De substantia orbis

Author(s): Łukasz Tomanek / Language(s): English Issue: 54/2021

The subject of this article is the Latin reception of Averroes’s treatise De substantia orbis, with special regard to the commentary practice in the late Middle Ages. Numerous philosophical problems were taken up in these commentaries following Averroes’s lead. The most controversial among them were these concerning divine attributes, i.e., infinite power, efficient and final causality, and, consequently, God’s ability to create out of nothing. Three different commentaries were therefore chosen to exemplify the key differences between the doctrinal approaches of the commentaries on the De substantia orbis. The first two of them—composed by Fernand of Spain and Maino de’ Maineri—represent the exegetic approach, adopting and developing Averroes’s ideas; the third commentary—composed by an anonymous author in Erfurt around 1362—represents the critical approach referring to the questions raised in the De substantia orbis in order to propose orthodox solutions being far from these adopted in the treaty by Averroes himself. The article aims at scrutinizing the problems of infinite power of God and divine causality as they have been taken up by Latin philosophers from the late 13th to the second half of the 14th century by elucidating the key differences between the two lines of inquiry and highlighting the variety of approaches to Averroes’s De substantia orbis.

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Tolkien a teologia

Author(s): Tomasz Garbol / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

The review of: 1) Piotr Anicet Gruszczyński: Problematyka zła w twórczości J.R.R. Tolkiena: Ocena w świetle teologii katolickiej, Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL, 2018. Ss.320 2) Zob. S. Sawicki, Teologia literacka – teologia w literaturze – teologia literatury. Kilka uwag o terminach i metodzie, w: tenże, Wartość – Sacrum – Norwid 2. Szkice i studia aksjologicznoliterackie, Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin 2007, s. 59-64. 3) Zob. tenże, O utworach religijnie podejrzanych, w: tenże, Z pogranicza literatury i religii. Szkice, Redakcja Wydawnictw KUL, Lublin 1979, s. 25-41.

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An existential-ontological approach to education with special attention paid to language education

Author(s): Agnieszka Rumianowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The article discusses the ontological foundations of language education with special attention paid to the essence of language in human existence. After briefly defining what existential philosophy means, the following issues are considered in detail: the concept of existence, being authentic or inauthentic, the problem of choice, ambiguity, curiosity and idle talk as opposed to critical, reflective thinking and finding one’s own voice. In the further part of the article, pedagogical implications arising from the ontological assumptions concerning human existence and language are presented. The guiding idea of the article is the assumption that ignoring fundamental ontological issues in the process of language education deepens the pervasive feeling of emptiness and meaningless of existence and reduces thinking about education to instrumental and pragmatic issues associated with obtaining qualifications and developing language skills.

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