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Między ludzką naturą a esencjalizmem. Fragmenty „Unfinished Dialogue”

Między ludzką naturą a esencjalizmem. Fragmenty „Unfinished Dialogue”

Author(s): Isaiah Berlin,Beata Polanowska-Sygulska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The text consists of the excerpts from a book “Unfinished Dialogue” by Isaiah Berlin and Beata Polanowska-Sygulska published in New York in 2006. The passages include one of the letters that the British philosopher wrote to Beata Polanowska-Sygulska in 1986, printed earlier in „The New York Review of Books”, and a transcript from a discussion between Isaiah Berlin, Beata Polanowska-Sygulska and John Gray that took place in 1988. (English title, abstract and keywords supplied by the editors)

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Refleksyjność a badania nad sprawiedliwością tranzycyjną

Refleksyjność a badania nad sprawiedliwością tranzycyjną

Author(s): Michał Krotoszyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The article explores ways in which the notion of reflexivity can apply to the research on transitional justice. First, the article describes reflexive considerations concerning the state of the field itself. Then, the reflections on transitional justice measures are characterized, focusing primarily on the discussion on the use of criminal trials. Finally, the article portrays how collective and individual identity can be reshaped during the transition. The article argues that research on dealing with the past is par excellence reflexive, as the debate challenges even the most basic ideas connected with transitional justice.

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„L’amie de la liberté”: Benjamina Constanta rozważania o wolności

„L’amie de la liberté”: Benjamina Constanta rozważania o wolności

Author(s): Sabina Kruszyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The author of the article by analyzing and interpreting Constant’s texts performs detailed reconstruction of the idea of freedom included in these texts. The author shows a close connection between Constant’s idea of freedom and of ideas developed by the French thinker and politician in his work on religion. Known classifications (made by Constant) between the individual and political freedom and between freedom of the ancient and modern thereby obtain specific philosophical justification.

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Błąd perspektywy czasu a odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza

Błąd perspektywy czasu a odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza

Author(s): Radosław Zyzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Hindsight bias is one of the cognitive biases, which are biases that people make systematically and predictably. The essence of this bias is inability to correctly evaluate the probability of past events. Our tendency to overestimate it can lead to disturbing consequences in legal proceedings where such activities are on the agenda. In our analysis we will focus on assessing how the hindsight bias affects the way in which judges determine guilt in civil proceedings. Moreover, we will try to identify the consequences of moral, economic and legal aspects of theoretical analyzed cognitive error.

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Explaining  Peronism of the years 1946-1955 through images of the time

Explaining Peronism of the years 1946-1955 through images of the time

Author(s): Puto Mimoza / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2018

Juan Domingo Perón remains one of the most important figures of Argentine´s history of the XX century. A former army colonel, Peron was elected 3 times as president of the republic through popular vote in 1946, 1951 and 1973. He did not come to power through a coup d´état, as usually happened with army generals in the Latin-American countries at that time. He was the founder of the Labour Party and of the peronist movement and together with his wife Eva Duarte introduced a series of revolutionary reforms aiming at improving the living standards of the workers, thus becoming soon a national myth. Nowadays, the peronist Partido Justicialista is in a deep crisis, but it still remains one of the main Argentinian political forces.

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Ligji dhe shoqëria: Tranzicioni i ligjit shqiptar dhe ligji i tranzicionit

Ligji dhe shoqëria: Tranzicioni i ligjit shqiptar dhe ligji i tranzicionit

Author(s): Arbër Gjeta / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 9/2010

Historically, Albania has been a place between two or more legal cultures. A prominent example may be the relationship between two great empires, Rome and Constantinople. In the Albanian lands the feudal applied justiniane law, which were referred for state reasons, but also Western institutions such as the conventions of vassalage. This has led to the Albanian lands to merge a large number of institutes or legal action. Albania in its own history, can be called a country in constant transition. This transition has affected the application of various legal systems, not always compatible and harmonious. In this article I have taken various examples taken from areas such as property, the justice system and the privatization process and the law on commercial companies to illustrate the evolution of Albanian legislation in these 20 years of post-communism.

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Demokracia Në Funksion Të Gramatikës Politike: Një Krahasim Konceptual Me Kuvendimin Sipas Të Drejtës Zakonore

Demokracia Në Funksion Të Gramatikës Politike: Një Krahasim Konceptual Me Kuvendimin Sipas Të Drejtës Zakonore

Author(s): Ermal Hasimja / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 3/2007

A mund të përdoret analiza e gramatikës politike të Kanunit, qoftë si pikënisje historike, qoftë si metaforë politike, për analizën e gramatikës politike aktuale? Studimet e deritanishme mbi Kanunin dhe organizimin politik të ngritur mbi të priren të ndriçojnë aspekte kryesisht etnologjike apo juridike. Punime të tjera, sidomos të së shkuarës, rreken të qëmtojnë veçori juridike që do të mund të përdoreshin si argumente të një përpjekjeje të shqiptarëve për ndërtimin e strukturave që “duhen parë” si zëvendësuese apo imituese të shtetit. Ky nivel i dytë analize gjendet në të njëjtën ulli me konceptimet nacionaliste të së shkuarës. Gjergj Fishta (1999/1933) apo Shtjefën Gjeçovi (1999/1933) janë përfaqësuesit më të ndritur të kësaj rryme. Në fakt, kalimthi mund të thuhet këtu se organizimi politik mbi bazat e së drejtës zakonore shqiptare (në këtë rast Kanunit), jo vetëm që nuk synonte zëvendësimin apo imitimin e shtetit, por të kundërtën e plotë, pengimin e zhvillimit të strukturave shtetërore (Hasimja, 2006)1 . Sidoqoftë, ky qëndrim është i nevojshëm këtu vetëm për një pikënisje analitike të gramatikës së organizimit politik sipas së drejtës zakonore shqiptare. Një vërejtje e parë mund të ishte se nga pikëpamja historike, Kanuni zbatohej vetëm në një pjesë të kufizuar të vendit. Pa i hyrë këtij debati, mund të thuhet se kjo pjesë nuk ishte e neglizhueshme. Nga ana tjetër, e drejta zakonore duket se ka luajtur një rol të rëndësishëm paralelisht me të drejtën pozitive të administratave qendrore. Megjithatë, në optikën e këtij shkrimi, gramatika politike e së drejtës zakonore është e rëndësishme më tepër si një pikënisje krahasimore dhe minimalisht si një metaforë politike, sesa si një shtjellim i ndikimit historik. Me gramatikë politike kam parasysh strukturimin e brendshëm normativ të kuvendimit (deliberimit) në gjirin e bashkësisë tradicionale të rregulluar nga e drejta zakonore. Në këtë tekst do të analizoj përballtazi dy modalitete të funksionimit të gramatikës politike. Për të arritur këtë, së pari, do të shikoj marrëdhëniet e individit dhe bashkësisë me etikën apo moralin bashkësor dhe së dyti, do të relievizoj veçoritë e një gramatike demokratike nga një pikëpamje më normative. Elementet empirike janë në fakt këtu më tepër një mbështetje e analizës konceptuale. Qëllimi përfundimtar është të ravijëzoj trajtën e një gramatike politike mbi të cilën mund të ndërtohen një e drejtë dhe institucione demokratike. Autorë të ndryshëm kanë bërë të njëjtën gjë nisur nga baza të pastra teorike. Personalisht, mendoj se krahasimi me gramatikën politike bashkësore (të paktën në formën e një tipi-ideal) na jep mundësinë të kuptojmë më qartë sfidat e së tashmes.

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E Drejta Kanunore dhe Shteti i së Drejtës

E Drejta Kanunore dhe Shteti i së Drejtës

Author(s): Nebi Bardhoshi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 3/2007

Në antropologjinë sociale, procesi që njihet rëndom si tranzicion politik i vendeve ish-socialiste është bërë objekt studimi në dimensionin juridik, ekonomik e atë politik. (shih edhe Hann, 2000). Që tek emërtimi si “tranzitore” apo “kalimtare”, antropologët e shohin në mënyrë kritike, pasi nuk mund të konsiderohet thjesht kalimtare apo kapërcyese nga një sistem te tjetri. Është periudhë transformimi (Prato 2004., Salmarshe, 2001). Duke shkuar më tej, ky proces nuk është uniform në të gjitha shoqëritë që thamë, madje as brenda të së njëjtës shoqëri. Në këtë kuadër, ky punim ka për objekt trajtimin dukurisë së përballjes së ligjeve të “huazuara”, me kulturën lokale gjatë periudhës së transformimit.

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"NASCITURUS PRO IAM NATO HABETUR QUOTIENS DE COMMODIS EIUS AGITUR". РИМСКОТО ПРАВИЛО И СЪВРЕМЕННОТО МУ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ

"NASCITURUS PRO IAM NATO HABETUR QUOTIENS DE COMMODIS EIUS AGITUR". РИМСКОТО ПРАВИЛО И СЪВРЕМЕННОТО МУ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ

Author(s): Malina Novkirishka- Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The report presents the rule "Nasciturus pro iam nato habetur quotiens of commodis eius agitur" as it exists in Roman legal texts in relation to the ancient Greco-Roman concept of personae, different from that which we conceive today. In this context, the capacity of human embryo to be subject of right comes from social, religious, medical, moral and especially legal recognition. We discuss some of the heritage aspects of this rule, as well as the issues of early human life, abortion, infanticide and murder of pregnant women, recognition of the newborn by the father, State, etc. Some decisions of the Roman jurisprudence are surprisingly topical and are part of many discussions on its bioethical and legal aspects.

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PER RI-PENSARE GIURIDICAMENTE LE “CITTÀ” E, QUINDI, L' “IMPERO”: I “CONCILI PROVINCIALI”

PER RI-PENSARE GIURIDICAMENTE LE “CITTÀ” E, QUINDI, L' “IMPERO”: I “CONCILI PROVINCIALI”

Author(s): Giovanni Lobrano / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2017

In dealing with this topic, the author divides the paper into three parts. In the first part of the article, the author deals with issues from the emergence of cities (ad urbe condita) to the emergence of the empire. In this part, the author explores the following topics: a) From the expulsion of kings and Justinian's era, the Romans think and act democratically; b) Democracy is only possible in a small society/city; c) The problem caused by "growth" and Roman solution; d) A voluntary system (a technique of "democratic" participation) as a solution; e) Solution: Empire as "Confederation" of cities. In the second part of the paper, the author draws attention to the development of local self-government units and the state's relations with these units. In this context, the author addresses the following questions: a) The nature of "government" and the great "force" of the imperial power; b) Two dimensions of the ("sovereign") power of citizens, inside and outside cities; c) Necessary reciprocity of these dimensions; d) Imperial growth of cities/municipalities.In the third part of the paper, the author elaborates on the central topic of this paper dealing with the organization of city assemblies in the provinces of the Roman Empire.

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EFFECTS OF IUS LATII ON THE ROMAN BETICА

EFFECTS OF IUS LATII ON THE ROMAN BETICА

Author(s): Juan M. Alburquerque / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The paper analyses some effects of particular importance in the field of the municipalizatión of the Roman Betica, and provides a review of the general scope of the extension of the Latium Universiae Hispaniae. The, the author provides a detailed analysis of the social autonomy and the extensive municipalization taken by Flavia dynasty, especially in the Roman Betica.

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The “Globalization Era” and the Right of the Church to Preach the Gospel to All Peoples. Canonical-Juridical Considerations and Assessments

The “Globalization Era” and the Right of the Church to Preach the Gospel to All Peoples. Canonical-Juridical Considerations and Assessments

Author(s): Cătălina Mititelu / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2017

Under the divine mandate (see Mt 28, 19; Mk 16, 15), the Church received from its Founder, our Saviour Jesus Christ, the right to preach His Gospel to all nations. In the first millennium, the Church Fathers gave expression to this divine law in the first millennial canonical ecumenical legislation (see Apostolic Canon 34, Apostolic 58, Trulan Synod 19, etc.). In the Roman-Byzantine era — and especially in the Byzantine era — this right was stipulated expressis verbis by the state legislation of the Roman Empire (West and East). The international Law and the EU law, including the law of the states from the “globalization era,” that is, our era, provided in their texts for the legal justification of any recognized religious denominations to make known its faith teachings, in writing or orally; hence the right of its members to establish confessional schools, in order to teach religion in state schools, and to carry out evangelization missionary activities.

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The Right to the “Freedom of Conscience”, Legal Basis for the Educational and Missionary Activity of Religious Denominations

The Right to the “Freedom of Conscience”, Legal Basis for the Educational and Missionary Activity of Religious Denominations

Author(s): Nicolae V. Dură / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2017

The right to freedom of religion has its juridical basis not only in jus positivum (the written law), that is, jus civile, but also in jus divinum and jus naturale, hence the obligation of any judex to be acquainted with and apply the latter’s provisions in matter of religious faith. In order to highlight these ideas, in this study, we made express reference to the European and national legislation, on the one hand, and to the works elaborated by jurists of philosophical training, on the other hand. Among other things, subsequent to the assessment of these texts and works, an expert reader will be able to notice that the transformation of the right to religious freedom, from a simple juridical act to a state of moral consciousness, also requires an act of faith, which, in fact, provides the idea of freedom with its original ontological dimension. Our study also provides the reader with the opportunity to conclude that the right to freedom of conscience entitles any human being to make known the doctrine of his/her religion, both through missionary activities and religious education in confessional and state schools.

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Author(s): Bartosz Bartosik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 670/2017

Cztery dni po warszawskim Marszu Niepodległości — podczas którego wznoszono hasła takie jak „Sieg heil”, „Czysta krew, trzeźwy umysł”, „Biała Europa braterskich narodów”, „Biała siła, Ku Klux Klan” — premier Beata Szydło powie działa w wywiadzie dla serwisu wpolityce.pl, że „Polska jest krajem wolnym od antysemityzmu i rasizmu”. Tuż po marszu minister spraw wewnętrznych Mariusz Błaszczak stwierdził z kolei, iż „na tym polega wolność, że możemy analizować te przypadki [rasizmu — B. B.] w sposób zupełnie otwarty i swobodny, bez żadnych przywiązań do skojarzeń”. Czołowi przedstawiciele polskiego rządu robią zatem — „bez żadnych przywiązań do skojarzeń” — dobrą minę do złej gry, ale kolejne sygnały każą bić na alarm: w Polsce obcokrajowcy, osoby wyznające religie niechrześcijańskie (zwłaszcza muzułmanie), a nawet chrześcijanie innych niż rzymskokatolickie obrządków są coraz mniej bezpieczni.

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ЧАСТНО ПОЛЗВАНЕ НА ПУБЛИЧНИТЕ ГРАДСКИ МЕСТА. АКТУАЛНИ ПРОБЛЕМИ И ПРАВНИ РЕШЕНИЯ НА ДРЕВЕН РИМ

ЧАСТНО ПОЛЗВАНЕ НА ПУБЛИЧНИТЕ ГРАДСКИ МЕСТА. АКТУАЛНИ ПРОБЛЕМИ И ПРАВНИ РЕШЕНИЯ НА ДРЕВЕН РИМ

Author(s): Andrea Trisciuoglio / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Private uses of public places in the city. Current problems and legal solutions of ancient Rome.

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ДЕЙНОСТ НА РИМСКАТА АДМИНИСТРАЦИЯ ПО ОТНОШЕНИЕ ГРАДСКАТА СРЕДА

ДЕЙНОСТ НА РИМСКАТА АДМИНИСТРАЦИЯ ПО ОТНОШЕНИЕ ГРАДСКАТА СРЕДА

Author(s): Carmen Salcedo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Without having ecological awareness and environmental protection, from the Roman law there is concern about the salubritas public of the living spaces. Salubritas and urbanism are concepts that are linked to this end and have served as a key category for the organization , policy analysis, case law and legal practice in relation to the organization of life in society. Study of the concept of urbanism in Roman law and the definition and legal nature of the limitations of property for reasons of public interest. Ruins of buildings and their environmental impact: they are the objective of this work that aims to summarize a global vision of the concern of the Roman jurists for the preservation of the urban environment, making their cities habitable places subject to a high level of development regulations. Likewise, it is outlined the analysis of the legal consequences of the damages produced by buildings in bad state of conservation, determining the legal nature of the responsibility in which the owners and their consequences incur in these cases.

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АДМИНИСТРАЦИЯ НА AERARIUM И FISCUS В ДРЕВНИЯ РИМ

АДМИНИСТРАЦИЯ НА AERARIUM И FISCUS В ДРЕВНИЯ РИМ

Author(s): Malina Novkirishka- Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The object of this study is to identify similarities and differences between State Treasury in Ancient Rome – aerarium or fiscus, their administration and the employees. Special attention is paid to the fiscal justice and the role of the advocati fisci, as well as to the protection of the private interests in fiscal trials.

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НОВОТО ИЗДАНИЕ НА МИТНИЧЕСКИЯ ЗАКОН ЗА РИМСКАТА ПРОВИНЦИЯ АЗИЯ

НОВОТО ИЗДАНИЕ НА МИТНИЧЕСКИЯ ЗАКОН ЗА РИМСКАТА ПРОВИНЦИЯ АЗИЯ

Author(s): Andrea Raggi / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

This note makes some remarks on a recent volume, edited by eminent scholars in ancient history and epigraphy, that provides a new edition of the inscription that carries the regulations for the customs dues of the Roman province of Asia: together with a translation into English and a rendering of the text back into Latin, the reader will find in the book an excellent line-by-line commentary assigned to six scholars, and five essays brought out from the text of the customs law itself on themes of importance for the administrative, social and political history of the Roman Empire. The volume will certainly become a fundamental reference tool for the scholars of ancient Rome, and in particular for those interested in the Eastern part of the Empire.

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ЗАКОН 15/2015 ОТ 2 ЮЛИ ЗА ДОБРОВОЛНАТА ЮРИСДИКЦИЯ. ОБЩ ПРЕГЛЕД НА НОВАТА УРЕДБА

ЗАКОН 15/2015 ОТ 2 ЮЛИ ЗА ДОБРОВОЛНАТА ЮРИСДИКЦИЯ. ОБЩ ПРЕГЛЕД НА НОВАТА УРЕДБА

Author(s): Antonio Fernández De Buján / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The Voluntary Jurisdiction Law 15/2015, modernize Justice in this subject, with the will of assuring its permanence in the future, in a decidedly technical sphere of the Jurisdictional Order.

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ФИНАНСОВ АВТОМАТИЗЪМ

ФИНАНСОВ АВТОМАТИЗЪМ

Author(s): Evelina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

A complex of legal norms governing the determination of public receivables by type, reason and amount for their redemption, which differentiate a legal institute called “Financial Automatism”, stand out in the normative structure of public finances. A characteristic of its legal regime is that the lawful coercion, manifested in a financial act, is not necessary for determining the amount and the time limits for payment of public receivables and for their redemption. “Financial Automatism” is a realization of the principle of legality in terms of defining and collecting of material tax liabilities, and is a manifestation of both direct and indirect taxes.

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