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Particularities of the Organization and Functioning of the Local Police Service in Scheia, Suceava County

Author(s): Irina Adriana Bilouseac,Lavinia Ungureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article aims to analyze the organizational and operational particularities of the Local Police Service in the commune of Şcheia. Confronted with numerous issues related to public order and safety, the local administration in Şcheia was compelled to establish a public service to deter, halt, and prevent criminal acts that endangered the safety of its residents. By examining specific indicators related to activities for preventing and combating offenses and crimes, crime detection and sanctioning, and collaboration with other institutions, this article demonstrates that the Local Police Service in Şcheia serves as a positive model for a public service created to fulfill the public interest of a local community. Although the establishment of this local police service required a significant financial commitment, it has proven to be a long-term solution for stabilizing and enhancing citizen safety and for protecting public and private property within the administrative area (UAT).

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Public Order and the Technological Revolution: Implications for Police and Citizen Safety

Author(s): Cristian Cucoreanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The scientific article examines the impact of the technological revolution on public order and how it influences policing. It aimed to emphasize the importance of adapting security strategies to the new digital realities, defining public order in the current technological context. It also discussed the advantages and limitations of monitoring and surveillance systems, as well as the use of mobile technologies that improve the efficiency of police interventions. The article also addresses the ethical and legal dilemmas posed by digital surveillance, highlighting the need to strike a balance between security and the right to privacy. It concludes that police regulations and practices need to be adapted to meet the challenges posed by emerging technologies, thus ensuring the protection of citizens' rights in this complex era.

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Attempts to Expand the Competencies of External Public Auditors into the Area of Consultancy — Case of the Romanian Court of Accounts

Author(s): Ionel Bostan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This paper examines the potential effects of legislative proposals aimed at amending Law No. 94/1992 on the organization and functioning of the Romanian Court of Accounts. Primarily, it is observed that if these initiatives were adopted, they would allow public entities to request information, methodological clarifications, or detailed answers to various questions from the regional Chambers of Accounts. The responses would need to be provided in writing, in the form of an opinion, within 30 days. If the applicant finds the opinion unsatisfactory, they would have the right to challenge it, with justification, within 10 days of receiving the document. Subsequently, a specialized court would resolve the challenge within 10 days of its registration, either upholding or annulling the opinion, in whole or in part. However, the Legislative Council, in its advisory opinion, pointed out that assigning the Court of Accounts the obligation to provide periodic consultancy to interested parties contravenes its constitutional role. Such a mandate would diminish the institution's primary function—control—thereby questioning the balance and efficiency of its activities. Other opinions, discussed in the paper, also highlight delays in legislatively transitioning the Romanian Supreme Audit Institution from financial control to specialized consultancy. The structure of this study includes: (1) Introductory considerations on the creation and functioning of the Romanian Court of Accounts, (2) An analysis of parliamentary efforts to orient the Court's activity toward providing specialized consultancy to public entities (2.1 - An initial initiative focusing on guidance/prevention and discouraging auditor misconduct; 2.2 - Attempts to introduce provisions in Law No. 94/1992 establishing consultancy as a task for auditors), and (3) Conclusion.

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Akta Państwowego Biura Notarialnego w Poznaniu w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Poznaniu

Author(s): Piotr Wróblewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2024

During its lifetime, the State Notarial Office in Poznań (1952–1991) produced over 64 linear meters of files. This fond, now part of the State Archive in Poznań, is used regularly, mainly for ownership-related inquiries. The preserved set of registry aids allows for relatively quick identification of the notarial act that is being sought. Access to most of these files requires demonstration of legal interest, so their popularity among users is limited. The informational content of over four decades-worth of notarial acts is enormous, but at the same time, very specific. One may expect that over time, this fond (together with materials created earlier by private notarial offices) will become the subject of interest of historians of various specialties.

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LA CRÉATION DE L’ASSOCIATION DE JUSTICE CONSTITUTIONNELLE DES ÉTATS DE LA RÉGION DES MERS NOIRE ET BALTIQUE ET LE PIÈGE DE LA POLITISATION

Author(s): Natașa Danelciuc-Colodrovschi / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2015

Le 26 octobre 2015, les présidents des Cours constitutionnelles de Moldavie, de Lituanie, de Géorgie et d’Ukraine ont signé la Déclaration de création de l’Association de justice constitutionnelle des États de la région des mers Noire et Baltique.

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L’ÉTAT DE DROIT, ENJEU CENTRAL DE LA CRISE INSTITUTIONNELLE ET POLITIQUE EN POLOGNE

Author(s): Marine Methivier / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2015

« La dérive antidémocratique à laquelle assiste [la Pologne] surprend […] par son ampleur, sa rapidité […] » conduisant ainsi certains, comme Frédéric Zalewski, à qualifier le régime politique polonais actuel de « démocrature » i.e. de régime politique où si des élections démocratiques sont maintenues, elles ont vocation à légitimer les processus de centralisation du pouvoir.

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L’ÉLARGISSEMENT DU DROIT DE SAISINE DE LA COUR CONSTITUTIONNELLE MOLDAVE: QUELS CHANGEMENTS EN PERSPECTIVE?

Author(s): Natașa Danelciuc-Colodrovschi / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2016

Les premiers mois de l’année 2016 ont été marqués par une évolution au niveau du nombre des titulaires du droit de saisir la Cour constitutionnelle moldave. Le 4 mars dernier, a été adoptée la loi portant révision et amendement à la loi sur la Cour constitutionnelle de la République de Moldova et au Code de procédure juridictionnelle.

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CERTAINS ASPECTS CONCERNANT L’ADMINISTRATION DU SYSTÈME JUDICIAIRE DANS LA RÉPUBLIQUE DE MOLDAVIE

Author(s): Maria Orlov / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

Une bonne organisation du système judiciaire, soutenue par une formation professionnelle du corps des magistrats et par un système de droit de qualité, ajustée aux relations sociales existantes, constitue les pilons de base de la justice dans un État démocratique.

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The Binding Aspect of the Decisions of the Constitutional Court and Their Effect

Author(s): Gabriela Nemtoi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The Constitutional Court, as an authoritative body regarding the application of constitutional control, issues decisions that would take the place of the segment of the legislative text that has been proven to be illegal. In this context, the decisions have the character of law and as such should be applied in the context of admitting a notification of unconstitutionality. The decisions and rulings of the Constitutional Court are generally binding and have force only for the future. Consequently, all public authorities are obliged to respect the decisions and rulings of the Constitutional Court. At the same time, according to the Court’s jurisprudence, the power of res judicata that accompanies the jurisdictional acts, therefore also the decisions of the Constitutional Court, is attached not only to the device, but also to the considerations on which it is based. Consequently, both the Parliament and the Government, respectively the public authorities and institutions must fully respect both the considerations and their devices. The mandatoryness of the decisions of the Constitutional Court is a subject of real topicality, a fact that incites various analyses to elucidate the necessity of this characteristic. In this sense, this article seeks to present the overall legal framework through which the decisions of the Constitutional Court have the character of law.

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LA COUR EUROPÉENNE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME ET LES CITOYENS RUSSES: LE RECOURS JUDICIAIRE À L’EFFICACITÉ CONTESTABLE?

Author(s): Olga Sharapova-Hang / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2016

Au 31 décembre 2016, les contentieux contre la Fédération de Russie présentent presque 10 % du nombre total des requêtes pendantes devant la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (Cour EDH). En l’espace de dix-huit ans (1998- 2016), la Cour a rendu mille neuf cent quarante-huit arrêts où la Russie figure en tant que défendeur, se plaçant à la troisième place parmi les autres paysmembres du Conseil de l’Europe qui ont signé et ratifié la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme de 1950 (CEDH). L’État russe est précédé par la Turquie et l’Italie et est suivi par la Roumanie et l’Ukraine.

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The European Court of Human Rights and the Major Arguments in Environmental Law

Author(s): Ciprian Gabriel Ungureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The recognition of the right to a healthy environment is the result of a jurisprudential evolution which, without presupposing the explicit recognition of new rights, called for the extension of the scope of application of already existing rights (protection by ricochet, according to the established formula). In this context, the ECHR played and plays an important role in concretizing the right to a healthy environment, a right that indirectly imposes related implications to other rights that guarantee the essential right, namely the right to life of the natural person. Through its activity, the approach of the ECHR is an original one in that it resorts to hypothetical individual rights to sanction infringements of a collective good, such as the environment. This work is a summary that includes the arguments given by the ECHR for the right to a healthy environment, a right that can only be accessed by exploiting other rights such as: the right to life, the right to safety, etc. Although the right to a healthy environment is not a concept of the European Convention of Human Rights but a concept formed by the Council of Europe, however, the impacts on the environment cannot be directly caused by the violation of the right to a healthy environment, which is not guaranteed by the ECHR, can be, instead, the cause of the violation of other rights protected by the Convention.

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CJEU Decision C-107/23 PPU: Protection of the EU Financial Interests and the National Principle of ”Lex Mitior”

Author(s): Razvan Viorescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The request came from a Romanian court in the context of an extraordinary appeal against a previous decision of that court, in which the appellants were sentenced to imprisonment and to pay damages for tax evasion and the setting up of a criminal organisation. The extraordinary appeal is a special procedure in Romania and allows a plaintiff to seek the annulment of definitive judgements in criminal matters when a sentence was pronounced despite the existence of grounds liable to end criminal proceedings. This situation led Romanian courts to adopt non-uniform case law regarding the interruption of limitation periods. To cease the uncertainty, the RCC stressed, in 2022, that the interruption of limitation periods is part of substantive criminal law (not procedural) and is thus covered by the principle of legality and of retroactive application of the lex mitior. The RCC drew the conclusion that, following the adoption of its decision in 2018 and the failure of the legislator to put the law in line with that decision, Romanian criminal law should be understood as not providing for any ground of interruption of the limitation periods. As a result, pending criminal proceedings could be ended if a definitive judgment has not been delivered within the uninterrupted limitation period. Following the 2022 decision, the Romanian legislator adopted a normative act enumerating the grounds for interruption of the limitation periods. However, Lin concerns the effects of the 2022 decision on situations where a person has been convinced by a definitive judgement, but an extraordinary appeal is intended.

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Some Aspects regarding the Disciplinary Procedure and the Application of Disciplinary Sanctions within the Romanian Gendarmerie

Author(s): Maria-Cristina Bălăneasa (Ichim),Mihai Valentin Mironiuc / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This article aims to analyze some aspects of the disciplinary procedure within the Ministry of Internal Affairs with special reference to the Romanian Gendarmerie, a topic of great interest because there are few publications on this issue, the majority of which are internal notices published by the Ministry. The article lists the facts that are considered disciplinary violations, and also provides an analysis of the types of disciplinary sanctions applied to these category of officers, by military rank. The purpose of the research is to identify the most frequent deviations from military discipline and the sanctions applied, in order to deduce their consequences on the fulfillment rate of the missions of the Gendarmerie and to suggest preventive measures among employees.

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Why Can’t We Give Up the Necropsy?

Author(s): Lăcramioara Bălan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In the past, necropsy has played an extremely important role in the development of medicine: understanding the nature of diseases, discovering many morbid entities, and assessing the effectiveness of treatment. An important argument, that technological advances have not reduced the value of necropsies, is a study conducted at a U.S. university hospital based on the follow-up of 100 unselected necropsies in the 2000s, 2010s, and 2020s. they understood and advocated the absolute necessity of pathology and, by implication, necropsy in the physician's education.

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Aspects Regarding Public Administration and Diplomacy of Iceland

Author(s): Marilena-Oana Nedelea / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Public administration in Iceland has several unique characteristics and peculiarities that are related to small scale governance, high level of trust, decentralization and local autonomy, integration of digital technology, environmental focus, cultural influence, gender equality, resilience and crisis management, international cooperation. Icelandic diplomats focus on areas where the country can have a significant impact, such as environmental advocacy, human rights, and multilateral cooperation. Iceland's diplomacy is shaped by its unique geographical location, small population, and historical and cultural context. As a small island nation in the North Atlantic, Iceland has developed a distinctive approach to international relations that emphasizes neutrality, multilateralism, and environmental advocacy.

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Insurance for Medical Malpractice in the Republic of Moldova -Perspectives, Challenges, Solutions

Author(s): Evghenia Gugulan,Florin Cazacu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Medical malpractice insurance constitutes a new and challenging area for the insurance field in the Republic of Moldova. It is imperative to recognize the importance of insurance against medical malpractice in the Republic of Moldova. Crucial reforms, successfully implemented in the health system to improve and adapt standards to the European level, have initiated a development process in this direction. It is evident that there have been global criticisms and concerns regarding the quality of health services provided to the population. This situation has also increased interest in the quality of medical services and included this objective in health policy and remuneration mechanisms. This has led to an increase in the number of claims for medical damage compensation and forensic examinations related to the activity of doctors.The adoption of a malpractice law could remedy existing legal gaps by clearly defining and thoroughly detailing the responsibility of medical personnel in the health system. The Republic of Moldova, having a technical basis, can transpose legislation concerning medical malpractice insurance. The legislator must be aware of the urgent and inevitable need to implement a regulatory framework applicable to responsibility for professional negligence of doctors in the health system.

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Some Theoretical and Practical Aspects Concerning the Violation of the Principle of Non-Discrimination in the Field of Employment Relations

Author(s): Maria-Cristina BĂLĂNEASA (ICHIM) / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Non-discrimination is an important principle that should guide both the employment activity and the development of employment relations. Sometimes, in practice, there are cases of its violation, taking the form of discrimination. The debate in this article focuses on the presentation of the domestic legal framework applicable to the principle of non-discrimination, the role of the main competent body in notifying and resolving petitions, as well as the evolution and presentation of petitions registered in the period 2008-2023, in the field of access to employment and profession, with the aim of identifying the most frequent criteria allegedly violated in the analyzed field.

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Considerations on the Need to Legislate in the Field of Surrogacy

Author(s): Loredana Terec-Vlad / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Through scientific research, humanity transcends the boundaries of its biological condition and the genetic potential of the species, as the evolution of medical technologies makes possible certain modifications of the imperatives drawn by the limits of human evolution (Vlad, 2019). Human creativity is no longer limited to art, but also manifests itself in the scientific field, when scientists decide to no longer submit to species predeterminism, to oppose it, with all the ethical dilemmas that result from this, as well as all the legislative innovations involved. One field that has generated such transformations in recent years is medically assisted human reproduction, in all its forms, as there are numerous medical techniques for reproduction with the help of contemporary medicine, some of which are more controversial than others. Some of these techniques have already entered common medical practice, such as fertility and pregnancy maintenance treatments, while others await ethical validation to be implemented on a large scale. A third category is that of treatments that are still in the experimental stage, such as solo reproduction (Cutaș & Smajor) or cloning (Taylor, 2005).

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LA DÉMISSION IN CORPORE DES JUGES CONSTITUTIONNELS MOLDAVES ET LA SAGA DES NOUVELLES NOMINATIONS

Author(s): Natașa Danelciuc-Colodrovschi / Language(s): French Issue: 17-18/2019

Le 26 juin 2019, les juges de la Cour constitutionnelle de la République de Moldova ont présenté leur démission. Celle-ci est intervenue six jours après la décision de Monsieur Mihai Poalelungi de quitter ses fonctions de juge et de Président de la Haute juridiction. Les juges ont motivé leur décision par l’impossibilité d’exercer leurs fonctions en toute indépendance en raison des pressions politiques dont ils faisaient l’objet et qui n’ont cessé de croître au cours des trois mois qui venaient de s’écouler.

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«LA PRÉSIDENCE SUSPENDUE» DE MOLDAVIE : LES RISQUES POUR LA DÉMOCRATIE ET L’ÉTAT DE DROIT LORSQUE L’EXCEPTION ANORMALE DEVIENT LA NORME

Author(s): Natașa Danelciuc-Colodrovschi / Language(s): French Issue: 19/2020

Le 1er juin dernier, la Cour constitutionnelle moldave a, pour la quatrième fois en un an, suspendu de ses fonctions le président de la République. Nonobstant son impact sur les rapports et le fonctionnement des institutions, cet avis n’a pas suscité de commentaires au niveau national. Les avis de suspension pour quelques jours, voire quelques heures, selon les besoins du moment, sont devenus la norme en Moldavie. Le premier est intervenu le 20 octobre 201744 suite à un arrêt d’interprétation officielle de la Cour rendu trois jours plus tôt, en réponse au refus du Président Dodon de signer le décret de nomination du ministre de la Défense. En 2018, ont suivi cinq autres, pour des raisons diverses : refus de promulguer une loi votée par le Parlement, refus de signer des décrets de nomination de nouveaux membres du gouvernement.

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