Around the Bloc: Russian Metrojet Crash Preceded by Odd Sounds, Heat Flash
U.S. intelligence source says the Sinai air disaster did not result from missile strike.
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U.S. intelligence source says the Sinai air disaster did not result from missile strike.
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Hunter Biden sits on board of a gas firm owned by an ‘example of Yanukovych-era excess.’
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Fresh murder charge comes after Mikhail Khodorkovsky allegedly called for violent overthrow of authorities under President Putin.
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Brussels takes legal action against Croatia for not registering migrants, Hungary in cross-hairs over asylum laws.
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Around the Bloc: Baku Scores Glitz Points for Inaugural F1 Race
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Vlad Filat says he’s being made a scapegoat for the “theft of the century” bank fraud scandal.
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The Serbian government steps up its efforts to secure its borders with Bulgaria and Macedonia against migrants and smugglers.
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In the last 50 years more than 250 conflicts broke worldwide out and killed more than 86 million civilians, mostly women and children. Over 170 million people have been deprived of their dignity, rights and possessions. The majority of the victims were forgotten, and only a few war criminals were tried. The regulations existing in international law, which are prohibiting war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity, protection of cultural heritage and, most recently aggression are not effective and not respected. To this day an effective system of enforcing those rights and bringing the individuals responsible for it to justice does not exist.
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This article discusses the problem of determining the categories of judicial acts in procedural law. The authors suggest that the adopted legal acts are the means of implementation of the judicial life in modern society. Judicial life takes consistent and logical due to adopted by higher courts enforcement of judicial decisions. Authors provide an overview of statistical data on the performance of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for civil affairs, affairs of for settling economic disputes, cases of administrative offenses and others.
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Rapid technological development has provided us with new efficient tools that we should not hesitate to use. In the last two decades we have seen technical revolution around us. Nevertheless, criminal procedure does not follow that change – saving evidence law. The article is focused on application of private recordings in Polish criminal procedure, with particular emphasis on its value as an evidence. The paper analyses practical problems related to the issue. The author presents different definitions of private evidence and private recording. The findings and conclusions represented in the author’s analysis show that the issue of private recording is very vital and has to be examined profoundly. Changes, that are shown in the article were introduced on 1st of July 2015, had been estimated as a huge step in “releasing” private evidence. The author pays attention to potential difficulties in interpretation of the new regulations.
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The Polish State, after the years of partitions after the World War I, beside the fight for borders,was forced to undertake some actions to unify law and administration of the lands that had been in different systems of the partitioning countries. One of the more difficult challenges was regulation of the territory of the former Austrian partition. Especially in Eastern Galicia, hardbitten in the World War I, the Polish-Ukrainian War, and the Polish-Bolshevik War. In the first days of November 1918 the Polish authorities in Warsaw delivered the authorities of the Austrian Empire their position to take over Galicia. On the territory, destroyed due to war actions, the Poles introduced new regulations and administration. It happened gradually, when fights moved eastward and peace conditions were introduced. On the turn of 1918/1919 the Chief of State Jozef Piłsudski issued first decrees that concerned organization of the administration, administration of justice, police, and finances on the territory of Galicia. In 1919 the first Polish Parliament – Sejm started its activity. Then the process of law unification started, concerning among others the lands of southeastern Poland. After the Polish-Bolshevik War, in 1921 the territory was divided into four provinces (Voivodeships): the Krakowskie Province, the Lwowskie Province, the Tarnopolskie Province, and Stanisławowskie Province. Provincial administration started their activity. In the years 1918–1922 the main legal and administrative structures of the State were shaped on the territory of southeastern Poland (the territory of the former Austrian partition).
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In interwar Poland incomes from service pays, retirement pensions and remunerations for hired labour were included into incomes being the object of taxation with the state income tax. Until its amendment in 1922, the statute of 16 July 1920 on the state income tax had not provided for any separate rules of their taxation. In 1922 the statute separated “Section II” covering provisions establishing rules, a mode, and a tax rate appropriate only for incomes from service pays, retirement pensions, and remunerations for hired labour. That solution, amended over a dozen times, and regulated jointly by 70 legal acts, survived until 1 September 1945. Then the tax on remunerations was separated from the provisions of the statute on the state income tax. Any payments of any type received by an employee for his work both during the term of service relationship, contractual relationship, as well as after their termination, from that time on were subject to taxation according to the rules established by the decree of 18 August 1945 on the tax on remunerations.
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The paper refers to the ongoing discussion on the shape, forms, and methods of public administration activity. It deals with issues related to the place held by the right to good administration in the law system of the EU. The author has presented its creation process, which is inseparably connected with an evolution, which the member-states have undergone in their approach to the fundamental rights. The paper has shown the material and personal right to good administration based on the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Code of Good Administrative Behaviour. The summary has stressed the procedural character of the right, covering direct relations between an administrative agency and an individual.
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The article presents the interconnectedness between the issues of the good of the child, the child as constituting the good in himself or herself, and the common good of society. It juxtaposes the perspective of personalism and individualism, rights versus duties, goods, and commitments, while linking the issues of freedom and love as fulfilment of freedom. The paper discusses these issues by examples of tendencies towards growing individualism noticed by some authors in changes of American divorce laws, the so-called collaborative reproduction, and in the possibilities of genetic engineering. Arguments quoted or discussed are taken from John Paul II, Helen M. Alvare, Michele M. Schumacher, Mary Ann Glendon, Michael J. Sandel, and Jurgen Habermas. The article calls for the social recognition of the child (and every person) as the common good and points to the social attractiveness of the perspective of giftedness of human nature and social relations exemplified especially in the relation between the mother and the child, which needs to be recognized by various institutions of society.
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The article entitled “Roman Catholic-Anglican Mixed Marriages in Ecumenical Dialogue and Pastoral Practice” presents the teachings of the Catholic Church with respect to marriage based on the encyclical of Pope Pius XI “Casti connubi” and apostolic exhortation by John Paul II “Familiaris consortio”. Presenting marriage with its fundamental features: unity, indissolubility, sacramentality, as being a natural union between a man and a woman, blessed by God and empowered to take on matrimonial and parental tasks, constitutes a basis for deliberations on mixed marriages between people baptized in various Christian confessions, in this case Roman Catholic and Anglican ones. The issue of the mixed marriage between people of those two confessions has become an element of works by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, ARCIC, which in 1975 published a document entitled “Theology of Marriage and Its Application to Mixed Marriage”. Its content became a basis for the presentation of the Anglican vision of marriage in the context of the ecumenical dialogue: points of contacts and differences. Because of schism, out of concern for spouses’ religious identity as well as the unity and stability of marriage, it is necessary to introduce the right rules of pastoral care and confession discipline, which constitute the final part of the presented material.
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The hermeneutical analysis of the text of the main regulations and rules of international law regarding the children’s rights, reveal to the reader that they created a set of principles on the Rights of the Child, which have to be taken by the world’s states in their approach undertaken in order to harmonize their national legislation with the international law doctrine of the child. Among others, this article’s reader could also find out that in recent decades the international legislator was constantly concerned to develop new rules and regulations on the children’s rights and on their legal protection; hence the need that the basic principles enunciated by it should not be only known and inserted into the text of national laws, but also respected and applied by practical and concrete measures.
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In a situation of considerable unemployment in Poland, the opportunity to go to work abroad allows the poles to get a better job and improve your financial situation. It can be said that it is better to leave and work than vegetate on the spot, with no prospects for development. Migration allows the poles to raise living standards. You can see it build up homes, refurbished homes, new cars, houses equipment. Thanks to the migration of many families rose from misery and stood on their feet. You can’t demonize this phenomenon, because more often than not accompanied by related departure charge strengthens family ties. Inducing a desire to leave the Polish is primarily a heavy situation on the labour market. Lack of work makes a lot of people decide to search for employment abroad. Most people, especially the young, looking for better living conditions, which, in turn, is inextricably linked with the creation of good jobs, giving the opportunity to live at the appropriate level. In Poland, sadly lacking such employers as high unemployment and a lack of prospects for “pushes” the poles to seek work abroad.
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The article analyzes the hypothesis of ideal of love, which was first proposed by Leon Petrażycki. The ideal of love in the works of Polish philosopher and sociologist of law serves as an axiom of practical reason, constituting an order of legal development that will lead to the universal cooperation, not only between members of one society, but among all of humanity. The law was designed to accelerate the moral development of society, through appropriate impact on the psyche of people following rules, and at the same time it should to educate them in the spirit of universal cooperation (morality). Modern research conducted in evolutionary science and primatology seems to confirm some assumptions underlying the ideal of love, but on the same time, they imposed severe restrictions on it. In the first part of the article the concept of the ideal of love is presented, including the role of law and legal policy, which should lead to its achievement. The second part of the article is devoted to the reviewing of the biological roots of morality and its evolution in the light of the work of Frans de Waal. The last part of the paper consists of the evaluation of Petrażycki’s proposal, conducted from the perspective of evolutionary science and primatology, and indication of its advantages and limitations. At the end of the paper reader can find examples of possible applications of the concept of the ideal of love in social and legal practice.
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