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To Act, To Do, To Perform: Shakespeare’s Stage, or How Can a Thinker Act?

Author(s): Danica Igrutinović / Language(s): English Issue: 07/2015

This paper attempts to address, by way of a rereading of Shakespeare’s Hamlet in the key of the philosophy of Renaissance Neoplatonism, the question of whether (and how) a ‘thinker’ discovering what is rotten in the state of the world can be engaged in actively changing it through politics or activism without losing her integrity, objectivity and independence. Ambivalent, like much of Renaissance Neoplatonism itself, towards both pure action and pure contemplation, Shakespeare seems to offer a via media between the two, suggesting that the art of the theater can be a kind of theurgy and that the illusory truth of dramaturgy can surpass that of demiurgy.

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The image of the universe as cultural choice between science and theology. Probabilism and realism from the Middle Ages to the Modern age

Author(s): Francesco Fiorentino / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The famous Galilean question was to become the paradigm of the conflict between Nature and Scripture, science and faith, free research of natural reason and authority of the ecclesiastical institution, obscurantism of the medieval period and scientific progress which would illuminate the modern age. It is well known that the stereotype of the pure conflict between scientific thought and religious dogma for long dominated the interpretation of the most profound essence of the Middle Ages, as an obscurantist age in the grip of the universalist political and religious authorities. This image of the Middle Ages was greatly corroborated by the Humanist writers of the Renaissance and Enlightenment historiography. This contribution purports to analyse late–medieval science from a holistic methodology based on history of science and philosophy of science, to obtain a big picture in front to Scientific Revolution and to show the cultural roots of the different images of the universe.

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Mileny Rudnickiej próba rekonstrukcji systemu estetyki... Leona Battisty Albertiego

Author(s): Stepan Ivanyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2013

This paper is aimed to present and give a critical analysis of content of type- script The role of mathematics in the aesthetics of Alberti (Lvov, 1918) written by famous Ukrainian scientist and social activist Milena Rudnicka. The author reconstructs Alberti’s theory of beauty in a speci c way, based on an analysis of the major aesthetic concepts that Italian philosopher used in his main three tre- aties: Della pittura (1435), De re aedi catoria (1450–1452) and De statua (1464).

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Filozofijski ulomci i zapamćenja

Author(s): Zdravko Kordić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 91/2016

Ovi tekstovi su predviđeni kao zapisi, zapamćenja i ulomci koji su predavani još 1979./80. godine, kao i tekstovi prisjećanja i elemenata koje sam zapamtio predajući niz godina filozofiju u srednjim školama te na sveučilištu Hercegovina (Fakultetu društvenih znanosti). Naravno, nije riječ o povijesti filozofije, već o tekstovima koji su zapisani, zacrtani u mnogim udžbenicima i hrestomatijama, pa je tako ovaj tekst – čitateljski, koji može poslužiti u pojedinim slučajevima kao podsjećanje na izvođenje nekih nastavnih jedinica.

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Советы ученого об управлении государством в трактате Эразма Роттердамского «Воспитание христианского государя»

Author(s): Ekaterina A. Grigorieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

The article analyzes the treatise of the Netherlands humanist Erasmus of Rotterdam «Education of the Christian sovereign» that has not yet been thoroughly studied in the Russian historiography. In the period of sharp political and religious tension in Europe in the beginning of the XVI century the scholar writes guidance for sovereigns about the best way of a state system, gives advice on the choice of mentors for future governors, offers ways of educating future governors based on evangelical moral imperatives. The humanist makes recommendations about the establishment of fair relations between authorities and societies. It is shown that political ethics of Erasmus did not correspond to power practices of that time.

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Z dziejów synkretyzmu filozoficznego w epoce renesansu – Jana Grotowskiego

Author(s): Agnieszka Raubo / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2011

The article discusses the philosophical syncretism of the Renaissance time period in a lesser known sixteenth century text of Jan Grotowski Ai.e. Socrates, Diogenes and Themistocles. The description of the interlocutors refers both to their antique and Renaissance descriptions. In addition, the issue of nobleness that comes from birth and the one that comes from living a good life is discussed. The notion of virtue as it was presented in Grotowski’s work is outlined, as well as the relations between the body, soul and the spirit included in it that influence the interpretation of the notion “nobleness”.

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Лайбниц и машините на природата

Author(s): Michel Fichant / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 6/2016

The concept of the natural machine was introduced by Leibniz in 1695 in his Système nouveau de la nature et de la communication des substances. It provides the real definition of the organic body, and gives a criterion for distinguishing between bodies that are organic and those that are not: the decomposition, to infinity, of the machine into other machines, without end, is not in itself a machine. This nested structure corresponds to what gives form to the materia secunda, as Leibniz calls it. It can also be regarded as an aggregate resulting from an infinity of monads, as well as an aggregate that contains corporeal substances situated each within the other, to infinity. Thus, the natural machine allows supporting the positivity that the concept of corporeal substance always retains in Leibniz’s view, even in the latest developments of the monadological ontology, which cannot be reduced to an idealistic thesis.

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О ПРИНЦИПАХ ПЕРЕВОДА ФИЛОСОФСКОЙ ПРОЗЫ ПЕТРАРКИ

Author(s): Larisa Mihailovna Luk’yanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1 (162)/2017

The Francesco Petrarch’s philosophical prose written in Latin is practically unknown to the Russian reader. The Italian humanist wrote six philosophical treatises, several invectives, and a huge number of letters. The biggest in volume composition is a treatise“Means against the Vicissitude of Life”. The article deals with the problems of its translation from Latin into Russian. By its style the work is referred to a literary text; therefore, a translation should be carried out with deep consideration of its original flavor. Any translation of the foreign-language text has its certain limits of convertibility. It should be considered that one and the same word in different languages can have different emotional saturation and cause other associations. The author of the article pays special attention to the translation of synonymic ranks, word-plays, specific syntactic designs (gomeoteleutus), and to the problem of Latin realities’ transfer.

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Контекстуални и теоретически аспекти на учението за естествената машина на Г. В. Лайбниц

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Контекстуални и теоретически аспекти на учението за естествената машина на Г. В. Лайбниц

Author(s): Lydia Kondova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

This article discusses the specific distinction Leibniz drew between natural and artificial machines and aims to clarify the contextual and theoretical particularities associated with this theory, thus serving as a kind of introduction to highly specialized research, particularly that conducted by Michel Fichant. The modern debate on the ideality vs. the reality of the body is typical of this problem field; the aim being to define the place of the body in this debate and to evaluated the role this doctrine plays in resolving the question. For this purpose, the study sets itself the following main tasks: (1) to serve as an introduction to the problem of the relation between body and substance, presenting the specifics of the ontological scheme and the metaphysical proofs of substances; (2) to clarify the historical and philosophical context in which Leibniz’s concept of the organic machine appeared; (3) to analyze the categories of aggregate and organism, of natural and artificial machine; (4) to demonstrate in what sense it may be said the natural machine meets the necessary and sufficient conditions that define a substance – namely, to be united and active; and (5) to define the dividing line between the natural machine and artificial ones. The study concludes with a brief recapitulation of past achievements and, registering the interest provoked among other scholars, defines the significance of Fichant’s contribution to the solving the problems related to Leibniz’s metaphysical system that are of key importance for our times.

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Mediteranske utopije

Author(s): Mislav Kukoč / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/146/2017

Although the notion of utopia, entitling Thomas More’s representative work, was coined in the European West, and far from the Mediterranean, the first utopian dreams about the prefect human community were dreamt in the Mediterranean cultural environment. Plato’s construction of the ideal state, as well as the Atlantis myth vividly represented in dialogues Timaeus and Critia, served as inspiration and layout to the entirety of utopian constructions devised afterwards, including the paradigmatic vision of Thomas More’s perfect island state. Moreover, we can find the Mediterranean roots of utopian thought in Hellenistic utopias by Euhemerus and Iambuls, and these ideas partially contain elements from the Mediterranean Middle Age and Renaissance utopias as well. After critical examination of utopian thoughts and worldviews, at the end of this paper a dilemma will be discussed on whether Patricius’ The Happy Town belongs to the corpus of Mediterranean utopias or not.

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O TEMĂ MAJORĂ A GÂNDIRII FILOSOFICE OCCIDENTALE: ELEMENTELE OPUSE ALE REALITĂŢII ŞI UNITATEA ACESTORA

Author(s): Claudiu Baciu / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 4/2019

This article outlines the efforts of the Western philosophers to find the hidden unity lying behind the world of the opposites. It starts by discussing the Pre-Socratic concept of an original matter. Here such unity was only posited and not yet fully understood. Next, the article addresses the more specific views of Plato, Aristotle, and Plotinus, who endeavored to explain the persistence of the real forms within the decaying world. Finally, it presents the way in which Christianity elaborated a new concept of the divine Creator that marked both the Western medieval tradition and the European modernity radically.

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Tragom poslednjeg paragrafa političkog traktata

Author(s): Milena Stefanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19/2013

The paper deals with the issue of Spinoza’s Political treatise referring especially to his understanding of political rights of citizens. This includes clarification of the meaning of the term citizen, in relation to the categories of people he considers non-citizens or derived citizens. The authoress focuses on feminist positioning of this problem in Spinoza’s philosophy, and attempts to develop a feminist interpretation through intersection of concepts such as gender, class and race. This implies a different epistemological and methodological approach to this issue and its extension to the groups of people that Spinoza denies citizenship status – therefore the feminist analysis includes the analysis of status of women, slaves and servants who work as slaves for a living. It will be explained that Spinoza’s views are the result of his concept of natural law as a power or force, as well as his apprehension of political substance regarding the factual situation and experience. Throughout the analysis of the historical situation in Netherlands at that time, which was among other things marked by the slave trade from Africa, the authoress tries to clarify the last paragraph of the Political treatise.

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The Pseudo-Dionysian Influence in Dante’s „Divine Comedy“.

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The Pseudo-Dionysian Influence in Dante’s „Divine Comedy“.

Author(s): Boris Chupetlovky / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2019

This paper attempts to follow the impact of the Pseudo-Dionysian corpus in “The Divine Comedy” by Dante Alighieri. The aim of the text is to examine the theological aspects of the Comedy in order to put a spotlight on the equal understanding of the two authors about the mystical experience as an assimilation to the Divine likeness. For that reason, the attention is drawn not only to the directly perceived Dionysian angelology, but also to the conception of hierarchy in general, the presence of light and the approach of describing the indescribable.

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Heda Festini’s Contribution in the Research of Croatian Philosophical Heritage

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Heda Festini’s Contribution in the Research of Croatian Philosophical Heritage

Author(s): Ivana Skuhala Karasman,Luka Boršić / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2019

In this text we offer an overview of Festini’s works on history of Croatian philosophy. The article is divided in five parts in which we discuss Festini’s attitude towards Croatian Renaissance philosophers, eighteenth and nineteenth century Croatian philosophers, and two philosophers from the twentieth century (Vladimir Filipović and Marija Brida). Majority of Festini’s texts were published in the journal Prilozi za istraživanje hrvatske filozofske baštine.

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Vůle Boží ve františkánské spiritualitě

Author(s): Willibrord-Christian van Dijk / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2020

Quoiqu’il en soit des jeux d’influence et de dépendance doctrinale, l’ordre franciscain dans son ensemble, et les Capucins en particulier, tendant à une harmonisation entre l’action (ascétique ou apostolique) et la contemplation, qui est sand doute une façon de mettre la volonté de l’homme au service de la plénitude de la volonté de Dieu. Mais il ne s’agit pas simplement et uniquement, dans cette réflexion de la volonté de Dieu, d’un plan moral ou strictement ascétique: c’est toute la vie spirituelle, jusqu’aux plus hauts sommets de l’union mystique, qui est en cause, pasticulièrement lorsqu’il s’agit de l’expérience et de l’enseignement de religieux tels que ce Benoît de Canfield ou Laurent de Paris.

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The Three Faces of the Cogito: Descartes (and Aristotle) on Knowledge of First Principles

Author(s): Murray Miles / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

With the systematic aim of clarifying the phenomenon sometimes described as “the intellectual apprehension of first principles,” Descartes’ first principle par excellence is interpreted before the historical backcloth of Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics. To begin with, three “faces” of the cogito are distinguished: (1) the proto-cogito (“I think”), (2) the cogito proper (“I think, therefore I am”), and (3) the cogito principle (“Whatever thinks, is”). There follows a detailed (though inevitably somewhat conjectural) reconstruction of the transition of the mind from (1) via (3) to (2) and back again to (3). What emerges is, surprisingly, a non-circular, non-logical, and ultimately non-mysterious process by which first principles implicitly contained in a complex intuition are gradually rendered explicit (and, if abstract, grasped in their abstract universality). This process bears a striking family resemblance to that intuitive induction (“grasping the universal in the particular”) which Aristotle scholars have distinguished from empirical forms of induction.

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За възможността-битие

Author(s): Nicolaus Cusanus / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2020

Translation from the original Latin of the treatise by Nikolaus von Kues, Trialogus de possest.

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Stories of the Golem and their Relation to the Work of Rabbi Löw of Prague

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Stories of the Golem and their Relation to the Work of Rabbi Löw of Prague

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/1987

A problem frequently discussed is why the creation of the Golem has been ascribed to Rabbi Löw-Maharal. The author of the paper comes to the conclusion that though the story of the Golem is not mentioned in Maharal’s works directly, there are some passages that might have given rise to the origin of the story of Rabbi Löw and the Golem.

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Komenský a kinetická teorie tepla

Author(s): Kateřina Lochmanová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2024

The study provides an analysis of Comenius’ concept of both heat and cold, as developed especially in his writings Physicae ad lumen divinu reformandae synopsis and Disquisitiones de caloris et frigoris natura. Because of its programmatically mosaic approach, Comenius’ physics is compared directly to that of his later admirer G. W. Leibniz, and, via Leibniz’ concept, sets it into the context of later thermodynamics. Comenius’ methodology is compared not only to that of Leibniz himself, but also to that of Newton and other commonly accepted proponents of exact science. Last but not least, Comenius’ “kinetic theory of cold” is placed in opposition to the ‘privative’ concept of Aristotle, against which, however, Comenius intentionally set himself apart with his mosaic approach. Despite its several shortcomings, Comenius’ peculiar attempt to merge physics with theology is evaluated as being scientifically useful.

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Knowledge of God in the Philosophy of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

Author(s): Bruno Matos,Borna Behur / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The philosophy of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, shaped by the historical context of the Renaissance and an academic environment inclined toward syncretism, leaves an impression of a complex and stratified system to this day. In his philosophical approach to the knowledge of God, Pico relies on various philosophical and theological sources, thereby constructing a distinctive representation of the spiritual journey toward a mystical union with God. The authors explore his philosophical approach to the knowledge of God through three points, or degrees, by which human introspection, philosophical inquiry, and theological reflection lead toward God. After a brief overview of Pico’s thesis with respect to the capacity of knowing God, the authors go on to elaborate on the position of rationality and the capacity to abstract the attributes of God, as well as the nature of contemplation and the mystical union with God, relying on Oration on the Dignity of Man (De hominis dignitate) and On Being and Unity (De ente et uno).

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