Августин срещу скептицизма на Новата Академия

Author(s): Simeon Alexov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 25/2019

This article describes the basic dialectical arguments of Christian philosopher and theologian Aure among the scepticism of the New Academy. The arguments set forth in the Dialogue Contra Academicos set the basics on which later Augustinus will build the fundaments of the gnosiological procedures. Special accent is putted on the question of the existence of truth, and on its comprehensibility by the reason, despite of the possible flaws and misunderstandings. This process is exacerbated by the elevation to the intelligence in which one realizes his being and where the truth itself resides. Showing the absurd of the academic scepticism, Augustinus demonstrates the possibility of realizing the truth through the correctness of the logical and mathematic laws. Turning the arguments in contra arguments, he finds certainty in the sceptical doubt that comes from the captaincy in his own existence. In that way, through the speculative form of Neoplatonic thought, Augustinus oppose both the scepticism and the Stoic philosophy setting the fundaments of a new direction in the philosophical thought.

Ὁ Ἀνάδοχος: A Conductor Guide for the Uninitiated Soul

Author(s): Marta Georgieva / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2019

The present text examines the traits of character of the ἀνάδοχος in Dionysius’s On the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy. Ἀνάδοχος (sponsor, baptismal receiver, surety, and godparent) is the leader of the way to the Hierarch and the mediator between the Church and the unholy person. The sponsor is a reliable conductor in the path to the light. The uninitiated needs surety to participate in religious performance and the initiated undertakes superintendence of his introduction and all of the uninitiated person’s life after the holy birth in God. The baptismal receiver possesses a significant role in the threefold ministry in the first step of the sacred elevation: first – acceptance of responsibility for another’s salvation; second – an unerring conductor by the Divinely-taught directions and the transmitter of the knowledge; third – the first possible attainable achievements according to the measures of perception of unholy sight. The conclusion is that the ἀνάδοχος, a spiritual father with the royal priesthood, is a minister of active love to the other and necessary qualification of Orthodox Christianity.

Osmanlı Ulemasının Fıkıh Usulü Çalışmalarına Katkısı: Hasan Çelebi Ve Telvîh Hâşiyesi Örneği

Author(s): İlyas Yıldırım / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

One of the most important sciences that shape the Classical Period Ottoman thought is undoubtedly Usūl al-Fiqh. When the works of the Ottoman scholars of that period on Usul al-Fiqh are considered, it is seen that there are too many works inspired by the books named al-Tanqīh and al-Tawdīh by Sadr al-Shari‘ah. In this context, the annotate named al-Talwīh written by al-Taftāzānī on the aforementioned works has become the subject of much annotates due to being a text in which scholars have the possibility to express themselves and to prove their scientific maturity. Hasan Çelebi was a scholar who had studied almost all of the basic texts taught in the madrasas. Ḥāshiyah ‘alā al-Talwı̄h, one of these texts, was completed in 885/1480 and presented to Sultan Bayezid II. This work was carefully analyzed and appreciated by some scholars of the period. The related work and its author has been determined to be the main subject of the study because it is thought to provide important findings related to the thought of Ottoman principles.

Juraj Dragišić i kršćanski pisci u De natura caelestium spirituum quos angelos vocamus

Author(s): Natali Hrbud / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/154/2019

In dialogue De natura caelestium spirituum quos angelos vocamus, published in 1499 in Florence, Juraj Dragišić mentioned different philosophical and theological authors and their works. Croatian scientists in their papers dedicated to Juraj Dragišić mention these authors and their work (Martinović, Banić-Pajnić, Ćurko i dr.). This paper intends to commit the majority of its attention to Christian authors mentioned by Dragišić in his dialogue, to list most of the referred names and show who does he mention the most. Thus, in this paper in the context of Dragišićʼs discussion on angels, the following authors are cited primarily: Albertus Magnus, Ambrose, Anselm of Canterbury, Augustine of Hippo, Bede, Boethius, Bonaventure, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, Duns Scotus, Gregory of Nazianzus, Gregory the Great, Henry of Ghent, John of Damascus, John Chrysostom, Hieronymus, Origen and Thomas Aquinas. These authors can be divided into two groups: patristic writers and medieval Church writers.

Ka univerzalnoj teističkoj metafizici

Author(s): Vladimir Lasica / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2019

In this paper I argue that a universal philosophical theistic approach to reality is still possible. I highlighted the meaning of ‘being’ as the starting point of classical medieval metaphysics as the starting point upon which a universal theistic metaphysics could be established. The importance of such project is to show that the most universal religious idea of God’s existence is not a product of superstition or of mere belief, but of rationality that has the same foundation as any scientific inquiry into reality. This starting point is the universal meaning of ‘being qua being,’ that due to its absolute extension corresponds with the absoluteness of existence (i.e. the absoluteness of being), and as such represents the foundation of any conception and cognition.

A lét és a jó egysége Augustinus filozófiájában

Author(s): Amália Soós / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2019

The aim of this paper is to sketch some of the philosophical guidelines of Augustine’s thinking on the problems of good, evil and being. Starting with the early Cassiciacum dialogues, the research continues with the dialog On the Free Will and the anti-Manichaean treatise about the nature of good, focusing mainly on the Neoplatonic influence concerning the idea of unity and on the ways Manichaean doctrines justify the vivacity of Augustine’s philosophical thoughts on good and evil.

Bellows in Malaga: Thomistic Insights via Pablo Picasso

Author(s): Daniel Fitzpatrick / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The paper begins by clarifying St. Thomas’s teaching on the problem of the one and the many by answering three questions: 1) What is a genus? 2) How are genera organized according to contrary opposition, and what role does virtual quantity play in such organization? 3) How do a knower and the thing known constitute opposite poles of a genus? With these answers firmly in hand, we then turn to an analysis of art, with particular reference to Picasso, with a view to clarifying three complementary points: 1) How the artist and his work constitute a genus, and how the work of art and the viewer constitute a genus; 2) How the work of art affirms the generic relation of sense object and sensate being; 3) How the artist subordinates the practical to the speculative in his work and what this implies for the role of the artist in an increasingly practical age.

Sapientia. Sagesse et philosophie morale selon Robert Holcot († 1349)

Author(s): Pascale Farago-Bermon / Language(s): French Issue: XXV/2019

This contribution examines the definitions of wisdom that appear in the first two lessons of Robert Holcot’s In Sapientiam. The Dominican master writes in his famous commentary that he does not retain the theological and peripatetic definitions of wisdom, but prefers the definition given by moral philosophers. Holcot’s notion of philosophia moralis is compared here with its occurrences in the divisions of philosophy and curricula of the first half of the thirteenth century. The interest in non-peripatetic ancient sources manifested by this “classicizing friar” (Beryl Smalley) seems to suggest his work was a continuation of that of his near medieval predecessors, at the very time of the first humanism.

Ebû Şekûr es-Sâlimî’nin İmana Dair Bazı Görüşleri

Author(s): Mustafa Aykaç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2019

After the death of the Muhammad, the first question facing Muslims and needed to be answered was the issue of “who will be the caliph?”. The caliphate debates soon gained a political and religious dimension. The takfîr discourse of Hâricî group that emerged after the Sıffîn war led to the search for the answer to the question of the what the definition of faith is. For this reason, the major issues that every theologian who writes on religious topics, are the ıssue of faith and the issues that relating with faith. One of the Ḥanafî scholars of the Samarkand region, Abû Shakûr al-Sâlimî (d. after 460/1068) also dealt with the issues related to faith in his book al-Tamhîd fi bayân al-tavhîd, which he wrote about faith subjects. Considering that Mâturîdî kalâm school was systemized by Abû’l-Muîn al-Nasafî, who lived between 438-508 / 1047-1115 years, it would be understood that it would not be possible to talk about Mâturîdî while al-Sâlimî was alive. The fact that Sâlimî does not mention Mâturîdism in his book, should be considered as a supportive factor for this idea. For this reason, his book is important to deal with the pre-Mâturîdism religious subjects in the Samarkand region. In this study, the views of Sâlimî on the issues related to faith will be investigated in order to shed light on the way of evaluating the issues related to faith in Samarkand region in a period where Mâturîdism cannot be mentioned.

El paso del amor cortés al neoplatónico: claves de lectura de Cárcel de amor de Diego de San Pedro

Author(s): Silvia-Alexandra Ştefan / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2019

Resumen: El presente estudio se propone presentar una síntesis didáctica destinada a profesores de literatura española medieval y renacentista en torno a Cárcel de amor, obra en la que confluyen las corrientes de la teoría amorosa que estaban vigentes en la época de su creación: el amor cortés, el petrarquismo y el neoplatonismo humanista en sus albores. La premisa de la cual partimos es que los Cancioneros castellanos permitieron la configuración de un corpus textual en el que el amor humano comienza a emplear expresamente el lenguaje religioso. Se trata de unas convenciones artificiales del género que encubren una actitud reverente haciala realización de un amor puro y perfecto. Según apunta Alexander Augustine Parker, la diferencia esencial entre la poesía que canta el placer sexual del amor caballeresco y la que celebra el deseo no realizado en el amor cortés radica justamente en que la última emplea un código poético muy similar al amor sagrado. Por su parte, Keith Whinnom apunta hacia la imposibilidad, como es lógico, de que se haya conservado íntegramente en la época en que escribe Diego de San Pedro la filosofía del amor cortés tal y como se había definido doscientos años antes, en la época de los trovadores. Abstract: The current study aims to present a synthesis of didactic content for Medieval and Renaissance Spanish literature teachers focused on Cárcel de amor, a major work of the 15th century which can be read as an amalgam of the love theory trends that were available at the time: courtly love, Petrarchism and Humanistic Neoplatonism at its dawn. Our primary premise is thefollowing: Spanish Cancioneros allowed the configuration of a corpus of texts in which human love begins to expressly employ religious vocabulary. It refers to a series of artificial conventions of the genre, which enclose a reverent attitude towards the realization of pure and perfect love. According to Alexander Augustine Parker, the essential difference between the poetry that chants the sexual pleasure of chivalry love and the poetry celebrating the unfulfilled desire in the courtly love consists precisely in the fact that the latter employs a poetic code that is very similar to the sacred one. Keith Whinnom, for his part, points out to the impossibility of the courtly love philosophy to have been preserved entirely since the epoch of troubadours.

Zapomniany spór o tomizm

Author(s): Mirosław Tyl / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2018

The aim of the article is the forgotten dispute regarding the world-view value of Thomism, taking place in the early 1960s in Polish Catholic press. I attempt to present and evaluate the theses and arguments of both sides (critics as well as advocates of Thomism). My claim is that the dispute anticipated the loud discussion with Thomism initiated by J. Tischner in the 1970s and designated the areas of confrontation, as well as, the content and the character of the arguments for and against Thomism.

Hugona ze Świętego Wiktora traktat De verbo Dei. Przekład

Author(s): Michał Buraczewski,Łukasz Libowski,Piotr Wilk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

This article presents the translation of the treatise De verbo Dei, one of the several minor works of Hugh of Saint Victor (c. 1096–1141), which are known under the joint title Sex opuscula spiritualia. Hugh was a philosopher, a theologian, and a mystic, one of the main representatives of the Parisian Victorine School, an author increasingly present in Polish specialist literature. Hugh’s opuscle is an excellent exemplum of the twelfth-century monastic method of Scriptural interpretation. It is an exegesis of a short New Testament fragment, just a few verses of the Letter to the Hebrews (4:12–5:2).

FORMIRANJE KLASIČNE METAFIZIKE

Author(s): Vladimir Lasica / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2018

In this paper I analyse the process of formation of medieval classical metaphysics, that as science of being qua being, that seeks to establish the proof for the existence of God. My focus is the beginning of medieval philosophy and its development until 13th century until classical theistic metaphysical systems are formed. The central figure of this long process of development is Avicenna whose ideas were fundamental for the foundation of metaphysical science both in Islamic and Christian civilization. It is Avicenna who, by following Aristotelian tradition, set the standard and defined the subject matter and the goal of metaphysics. Through this analysis the paper aims to highlight one aspect of the interconnection between Christian and Islamic medieval philosophy which reflects in their approach to what they considered as the most important thing in human existence: the knowledge of God.

IBN ‘ARABIJEVA SPOZNAJNA TEORIJA

Author(s): Rešid Hafizović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 42-43/1995

The text entitled as above analyses essential distinctions of Ibn ‘Arabi’s epistemology with a particular emphasis on its mystic consideration. The essence of his epistemology was put forward in accordance with the rules of metaphysical preference for the sources of cognition and cognitive process that a spiritual traveler has to go through on his way towards the Truth. Ibn ‘Arabi bases his theory of cognition first of all on those sources of cognition that elude the epistemological field at a historical level, but he does not neglect the latest sources of cognition either, from whose perspective derived is that ascending cognitive evolution of human genius that tries to observe the whole Truth in the perspective of the historical level too. This means that Ibn ‘Arabi, when perceiving the Truth, exposes himself equally to metacosmic Grace and cosmo-historical Wisdom. After defining the essential sources of Ibn ‘ Arabi’s epistemology, the author classified the basic patterns of cognition that the spiritual traveler (Sâlik) reaches in an ascending-cognitive order, starting from the knowledge taken from the world (al- ‘Ilm), via theosophical wisdom which is specifıcally Sophia divina or Sophia perennis (al-Hikma al-Lâduniyyâ), finding peace in the pure wisdom of the Divine Spirit, which is (the wisdom) fundamental glory, living gnosis of the Divine Essence (al-Ma ‘rifa). With each new spiritual phase, the spiritual traveler (Sâlik) acquires a new profile of his spiritual feature that is identical to the internal nature of the acquired cognitive form.

Kontemplacija i stvaralaštvo u tomističkim promišljanjima

Author(s): Maja Poljak,Ivana Knežić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/156/2019

The subject of the article is the relationship between contemplation and creation seen through the lens of Thomistic philosophy. For our research, we used not just the original works of Thomas Aquinas, but also the works of Thomistic philosophers, primarily of J. Pieper, but also of classic contemporary Thomistic philosophers – É. Gilson and J. Maritain. Alongside these authors, we also used the works and ideas of Plato and Aristotle who represent the very peak of Greek thought and invaluable inspiration for Aquinas himself. This paper has three chapters: the first focuses on contemplation, and the second focuses on creation bringing it into comparison with creation understood as an act proper of God. The third chapter focuses on the relationship between contemplation and creation. Between these two activities, there is a double connection: on the one hand, creation has its inception in the contemplative act of the creator, and on the other, it also has its outcome in the contemplative act of the one encountering the work of creation.

Волята за мислене. Ролята на волевата част от душата в познавателния процес

Author(s): Simeon Mladenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2020

The current paper is part of a broader research, which is dedicated to tracing a possible influence of medieval will theories in the development of epistemology. According to our hypothesis, the emphasis on the freedom and autonomy of the will by some Franciscan authors has led to introducing new topics into the epistemological field. In the current text, we try to trace a couple of novelties that authors like Peter John Olivi, John Duns Scotus or William of Ockham introduced. Topics as freedom of judgment, comparing notions and propositions, perfecting knowledge or choosing the object of knowledge are all areas of the epistemology, which were discussed in the context of the will’s participation in acquiring knowledge. We try to show how similar ideas were already present by earlier medieval authors like Augustine but received their specific terminology and more detailed treatment in the High Medieval Period.

ESSENCE AND SUBSTANCE IN BOETHIUS: A MATTER OF TERMINOLOGY

Author(s): Renato de Filippis / Language(s): English Issue: 18-19/2021

Thanks to the studies carried out during the last forty years, which have contributed significantly to the elimination of certain inveterate historiographical prejudices, it is now possible to state with complete confidence that Boethius is one of the greatest philosophers of the entire Occidental tradition. Born at a turning point in the cultural and political history of the West, he is not only the well‑known author of the Consolatio philosophiae, but also a leading expert on the quadrivium and, in particular, the trivium.

ENTRE RÉALITÉ ET POSSIBILITÉ: AUTOUR DE L’AUTONOMIE DE L’ESSENCE DANS L’ONTOLOGIE D’AVICENNE

Author(s): Olga L. Lizzini / Language(s): French Issue: 18-19/2021

The idea that defines quiddity – independence or neutrality in relation to the modalities of existence – allows Avicenna not only to speak of a duality in the being of existing things, but also to use apparently logically incompatible notions to qualify quiddity: that of reality (or truth), on the one hand, and that of possibility (or falsity), on the other. The very conception of the independence of quiddity – which lets us consider quiddity as a separate element in the existing thing – can be recognized in the resolution of the doubt that concludes the Maqāla fī l‑tawḥīd of Yaḥyā ibn ‘Adī (d. 974). A comparison between Avicenna’s discussion of quiddity in his Metaphysics and the discourse of Yaḥyā ibn ‘Adī confirms the idea that this Christian philosopher and theologian who was active in Baghdad in the tenth century could have played an important formative role in the ontology of the great Persian philosopher.

PUISSANCE ET ACTE CHEZ AVERROÈS : ENTRE ONTOLOGIE ET THÉOLOGIE

Author(s): Cristina Cerami / Language(s): French Issue: 18-19/2021

The present paper aims at presenting Averroes’ doctrine of act and potency in the framework of his general conception of metaphysics as a science. By tracing the origins of his doctrine back to Alexander of Aphrodisias, it shows that Averroes conceives act and potency as concomitant attributes of being qua being and as terms πρὸς ἕν and ἀφ’ ἑνός. According to this reading, the study of these two notions, considered as such, constitutes an essential step in Averroes’ metaphysical project, whose ultimate goal is to account for the essence of the first of all forms: God.

„Латински смутители в Константинопол: Анселм Хавелбергски и Уго Етериано“ от Георги Каприев

Author(s): Milan Georgevich / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2020