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A Pythagoras-életrajzok misztikus elemei

Author(s): Katalin Kocsisné Csízy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2012

Anhand der Lebensläufe ist es zu vermuten, dass die Gestalt von Pythagoras während des 3. und 4. Jahrhunderts sehr populär und die platonische Philosophie durch die pythagoreischen Vorstellungen durchgedrungen war. Aus vielen gemeinsamen Stellen geht hervor, dass die ethischen Territorien der Philosophie in den Vordergrund gerieten. Zwei Vitae, die Werke von Porphyrios und Jamblich beinhalten viele Anknüpfungspunkte. Der Prozess des ethischen Bildungsganges geschah stufenweise in beiden Schriften. Meine Hypothese ist, dass sich diese Bildung nicht nur bei Jamblich, wie es Lurje behauptete, sondern auch bei Porphyrios in einem vierstufigen System verwirklichte, wobei das philosophische Leben, das eine heilgeschichtliche Sendung hat, als mystischer Aufstieg der Seele galt.

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Platon i paradoksija početka u filozofiji

Author(s): Milenko A. Perović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2010

Problem of the beginning of philosophy is analysed for the first time in philosophical tradition in Plato’s Politeia (6th and 7th book). The author considers this analysis significant in twofold sense. It explicates Plato’s understanding of the essence of philosophy on the base of differentiation between the hypothetical and non-hypothetical beginning of thinking. That enables Plato to make a clear distinction between philosophy and sciences. Both of these two standpoints can still be today recognized as paradigms of philosophical thinking. The author evaluates them as that which still lives in Plato’s philosophy.

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Zašto Diotima saopštava istinu o erosu? O filozofiji i erosu u Platonovoj Gozbi

Author(s): Irina Deretić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2010

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the originality both of Plato’s Diotima argumentation and of her philosophical teaching of Eros. Firstly, I will attempt to elucidate the “neither…nor” form of Diotima’s argumentation. Then I will interpret the philosophical meaning of her myth of the origin of Eros. The further question is concerned with the reasons of qualifying Eros’ aims always in the terms of good and beautiful. Moreover, by criticizing the contemporary interpretations on three aims of Eros, I will try to support my own view of how they interrelate. Eventually, the relation between the various kinds of Eros and the beautiful will be interpreted. In so doing, it shall be shown that the metaphysics of Beauty reveals the deeper meaning of Plato’s Diotima erotology.

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Platonova kritika neposrednosti čulnog opažanja u dijalogu Teetet

Author(s): Nikola Tatalović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2010

This paper provides one possible reading of the first definition of knowledge in a dialogue Theaetetus, definition of knowledge as perception, focusing on Plato’s criticism of Protagoras’ doctrine in order to show two things. First, that the criticism of Protagoras’ doctrine is criticism of certain concept of perception, but not Plato’s critique of perception as knowledge. Second, that the logic of refutation of Protagoras’ doctrine is fully congruent with the logic of the last two inquiries of the hypothesis “One is not” in the dialogue Parmenides.

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Platon i feminizam

Author(s): Milena Stefanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2010

In this text, based on the parts of the Republic, author is dealing with two dominant feminist interpretations of Plato who is considered to be the first feminist thinker, on the one hand, or a misogynist, on the other. Although this interpretations are polarised, and, on the first glance, they represent extremly different views, intention of the author is to show that their origin is monofiletic, ie. it derives from their hronocentrism. Thus the historical position of Plato`s philosophy is neglected, and they prelude a pseudo-methodological space for plurality of interpretations from the utopian point of view. Feminists, like some other philosophers and common sense thinkers, due to those kinds of standpoins are dislocating Plato`s Republik into the sphere of utopian thought and the consecvence is degradation of precision in his philosophy to a level of some kind of an inspirational imaginarium. However, in those surveys Plato`s thought is represented like a pure autoreflection of their own standpoints, strategies, goals and distinctions which are immanent only to themselves and which are the features of contemporary experience in considering women emancipation and emancipation of the mankind in general. Further in the text author is trying to point out the relevance of the philosophical interpretations in the history of philosophical systems in general, and to clarify spirit of time, which, when it comest to women, contextualised Plato`s philosophy enclosing its own events and demands.

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Логос, Платон, Аристотел

Author(s): Višnja Bratina / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2010

The review of: Ирина Деретић: Логос, Платон, Аристотел (Плато, Београд, 2009.)

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Dijalektika učenja vrline u Platonovom Protagori

Author(s): Mina Okiljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 10/2008

The fate of the dialogue Protagoras is such that it has been mostly put away ad acta with laconic comment that it represents Plato’s „negative dialectic“. Author focuses on the attempt of an integral interpretation of this dialogue, which might shed some light on the thesis of negative dialectic as its crucial characteristic. The fundamental aim of the paper is to give an answer to a question why is the result of the dialogue a negative one, i.e. on what assumption underlying the basic constelation of the problem is based the paradoxical „side-changing“, which can’t yield the ultimate solution of the problem of teaching/learning the virtue. The answer to a pointed question can be found in the proton pseudos of the problem: the inadequate conotation of teaching/learning itself. Plato is trying to incorporate theoretical notion of teaching/learning into the practical process of forming the moral character, which consequently leads to a negative result of the dialogue.

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Zasnivanje filozofske istorije filozofije

Author(s): Slobodan Sadžakov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2007

The review of: Željko Kaluđerović: Aristotel i predsokratovci, Savez pedagoških društava Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 2004

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Sokrates i proročište u Delfima

Author(s): Damir Marić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5-6/2006

Many scholars think that our picture of Socrates’ life and philosophy depends on the Delphic pronouncement from Plato’s Apology. The aim of this article is to investigate the historicity of the Delphic oracle story. The author argues that the story is Plato’s invention and that Plato makes it abundantly clear that the story is not depicting an historical event.

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O Aristotelovom poimanju presokratovaca

Author(s): Željko Kaluđerović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2005

In this article the author gives a list of pro et contra views of philosophers and philologists on Aristotel as a reliable source of Presocratic philosophers. Without pretention to react to every remark and comment that has ever been written one by one, he points to one of the elements which lead to the dissent in question. His research is focused on different approaches to classical philosophical works. Listing the problems he encountered while reviewing the original writing, the author as one of the crucial problems points to the multiplicity of meaning in the writings of Greek thinkers that are kept up to the present. Such multiplicity is demonstrated on the sentence from Aristotles' Metaphysics (984a11-13), which is related to the two later Presocratic philosophers, Empedocles and Anaxagoras. Having examined at least three options that have been differentiated, i.e. three possible meanings of the paragraph from the 3rd chapter of the 1st book of Metaphysics, the author concludes the following: the key for understanding the sentence in question, and the Presocratic philosophy in general, is the well known Aristotles doctrine of the causes. Having in mind the Stagirites fourfold causal schematism, the most probable interpratation of the sentence from the Met.984a11-13, is the one that takes Anaxagoras as „later” (ὕστερος) than Empedocles: both literally – in age, and in figurative sense – being far advanced in philosophical ideas.

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Grčka i počeci renesanse. (Ne)skriveni aristotelizam platonizma

Author(s): Željko Škuljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2005

Knjige su pune riječi mudraca, primjera antičkih o običajima, zakonima, religiji. Žive, raspravljaju, govore sa nama, poučavaju nas, upućuju nas, tješe nas, čine nas prisutnim, stavljajući nam pred oči stvari veoma udaljene od pamćenja – čitamo u, sada već čuvenom, pismu koje je kardinal Visarion 31. maja 1468. uputio duždu Kristoforu Moru da bi Veneziji poklonio svoju biblioteku koja je sadržavala 482 grčke i 264 latinske knjige. Toliko je veliko njihovo dostojanstvo, njihova veličanstvenost, i, najzad, njihova svetost, stoji dalje u Pismu, da bismo, kada ne bi bilo knjiga, svi bili sirovi i ignoranti, bez ikakvog spomena na prošlost, bez ikakvog primjera… [...]

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Pojam logosa u Aristotelovom razumevanju čoveka

Author(s): Irina Deretić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2004

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss Aristotle’s notion of human logos. While in the first section of the text the meaning of logos as speech has been examined, and the restrains of this interpretation have been demonstrated, in the second section we tackle Aristotle’s specific concept of rationality, which has two aspects, theoretical and practical.

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Prvi "teolozi" i učenje o uzrocima

Author(s): Željko Kaluđerović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2004

Aristotel viewed the first "theologians" as the thinkers who might be considered only as distant predecessors of the doctrine of the causes. Homer's Okeanosfragments could, therefore, but only quite conditionally, be specified as certain indication of comprehension of the material cause, comprehension which was, according to Aristotle, for the first time established when Tales set up the water as the primary substance. Hesiod's Eros, was regarded as the first anticipation of the efficient cause which, more or less, affected similar Parmenid's and Empedokle's achievements. His understanding of Chaos, also, enabled less difficult articulation of arche as a fundamental principle of everything in a strict phylosophical meaning. Finally, Ferekid's Zeus which had turned into Eros must be similarly considered as an indirect link to the certain, rather conceptually than mythically founded, efficient cause. Certainly, in addition to a potential contribution to the founding of the theory of four elements, it can be hardly accepted as authentic the attitude that the earth and water are the beginnings of all things (DK7A10 and DK7B1a).

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Arche nauke i nauka Archea

Author(s): Željko Kaluđerović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2004

The review of: Džon Barnet, Rana grčka filozofija, Zav. za udžb. i nas. sred., Beograd, 2004

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SOKRATIŠKASIS ELENCHAS – DERRIDA DEKONSTRUKCIJOS PROVAIZDIS?

Author(s): Naglis Kardelis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 13/2018

The author of the article focuses on the typological – formal and functional – similarities between the Socratic elenchus and the Derridean deconstruction. The possibility of Plato’s influence on Derrida regarding the similarities between these two procedures is left behind as irrelevant and ultimately unanswerable. It is argued that, despite the fact that both the Socratic elenchus and the Derridean deconstruction possess some features that are characteristic of a method, neither of them can be called a method in a strict sense, for the employment of each of them requires a creative approach and spontaneous insight. Both the Socratic elenchus and the Derridean deconstruction are employed in order to undermine the supposed unity of its respective target – be it a person under elenctic interrogation or a text undergoing the procedure of deconstruction – and to expose the lack of its inner coherence.

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St. Augustine’s Confessions vs. Aristotle’s Physics: Two Rival Conceptions of Time in the History of Western Thought

Author(s): Hafiz Syed Husain / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This paper investigates the two competing ways to conceptualize time in the history of Western thought. There is one which is called phenomenological and the other which is called cosmological. Former is primarily grounded in St. Augustine’s Confessions whereas the latter had its historical source in Aristotle’s Physics. This investigation had its motivation in Paul Ricoeur’s project of Time and Narrative. The main object of this investigation is three-fold. Firstly, it will be argued that neither of the two competing conceptions could be derived from the other. Secondly, none of these two can refute the other. Finally, they are not mutually exclusive, for both of them presume basic theses from one and another. During the pursuit of this threefold-object, it will be become amply clear that cosmological time is the time of nature and phenomenological time is the time of human world or human action. This will help achieve the purpose of this study which is also three-fold: to build an argument towards proposing a critique of human reason that claims autonomy over tradition as discourse, and develop a case against the distinction between natural and human sciences, i.e., social sciences, arts and humanities; inasmuch this distinction requires that there are two separate worlds, the world of man and the world of nature, or that one of them has superiority over other. No solution to the impasse or aporia of time will be proposed, and correspondingly no solution to the problem of exact relationship between natural and human sciences will be recommended. But only an indication towards a possibility of such a solution will be made.

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Interaction between Traditional Chinese Philosophical and Art-Historical Aesthetics

Author(s): Antanas Andrijauskas / Language(s): English Issue: 99/2019

The focus of the article is the exposition of peculiarities and role of the two main trends of traditional Chinese aesthetic thought, philosophical and art-historical. It starts with a discussion of the main typological features of the most influential trends of philosophical aesthetics (Daoism, Confucianism, Chan). Later the attention is transferred to another art-critical aesthetic tradition (represented by Zong Bing, Xie He, Du Fu, Su Shi, Mi Fu, Guo Xi, Zhang Yanyuan, Shitao, Wang Kai etc.) that was born in the 4th century. It opposed philosophical aesthetics and was associated with development of different art forms in the country. This trend derived not from the abstract world of philosophical ideas but from the theoretical generalization of specific artistic practices. Particular attention is devoted not only to interaction between the ideas of these two most influential trends, but also to exposure of their role in the history Chinese aesthetic thought.

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Евклид. Оптика

Author(s): Andrey Schetnikov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

An annotated translation of Euclid’s Optics. The earliest systematic treatise by the famous Ancient Greek mathematician, which deals with the geometry of vision, is translated into Russian for the first time.

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Problem wolności jednostki w kontekście Idei Dobra w filozofii politycznej Platona

Author(s): Michał Filipczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXX/2018

This article is a short presentation of the problem of individual liberty – as we understand it today – in the context of the problematic of Goodness in Plato’s philosophy of politics as presented in his two main political dialogues: the Republic and the Laws. The crucial distinction is for me dichotomy: negative vs. positive liberty as defined by Isaiah Berlin following Benjamin Constant. In this article I also consider to what extent justifiable is liberal critique of Plato as a totalitarian. At the end of the text I suggest that the best interpretation of Plato’s vision would be its treatment not so much as a strictly political one but rather as a program of education of the soul based on specific understanding of politics derived from Plato’s anthropology.

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Sulla presenza di Seneca tragico fino al Medioevo

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Sulla presenza di Seneca tragico fino al Medioevo

Author(s): Patrizia Mascoli / Language(s): Italian Issue: 65/2019

In this contribution, the Authoress examines the literary fortune of the tragedies of Seneca from the first century after Christ until the late Middle Ages. Through a careful analysis of the scarce surviving testimonies she hypothesizes that the first complete collection of all tragedies began to circulate only in the precarolingian age, whereas in previous centuries they have had an autonomous diffusion.

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