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Polskie czasownikowe nazwy głosów zwierząt w ujęciu diachronicznym i dialektologicznym

Author(s): Aleksandra Domogała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The subject of this article is how the verbs which refer to animal noises are described from the perspective of diachronic semantics. Based on various lexicographical studies, the authoress is trying to present changes in meaning, which the examined units have undergone. To this end, she focuses primarily on analyzing the left-hand valency position of verbs designating animal voices, according to the assumption that the changes, which the tested units have undergone, relate primarily to their collocation with animal names. Among the verbs discussed here, next to lexemes functioning well in the lexical system of contemporary Polish language, there are also units which disappeared in the process of development of the Polish language. Using dictionaries of slang, the authoress attempts to locate the missing units in dialects of the Polish language.

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Językowy obraz Boga w „Kazaniach sejmowych” Piotra Skargi

Author(s): Kamila Wincewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

In the era of the Counter-Reformation homiletics was, among others, of a persuasive nature. The writers wanted to convince their audience their way of thinking was the right one at all costs. An example of such a highly persuasive collection of homilies is “Sejm Sermons” by Piotr Skarga. This article attempts to look at the historic text from the cognitive perspective. It refers to a linguistic image of God, created by different text units: words, metaphors and idiomatic expressions, which form several semantic groups. A vocabulary analysis shows that the image of God is twofold: on the one hand, it is a benevolent God, a merciful ruler, but on the other, he is characterized by wrath, vengeance or chastisement.

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Zagadka języka staropolskiej legendy o Świętej Dorocie

Author(s): Karolina Borowiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The Article aims at revising the existing views on the so-called old-Polish legend about St. Dorothy, a linguistically interesting monument, which so far has not undergone any in-depth linguistic analysis. The authoress has sought to demonstrate that the “Old Polish” text should not be regarded as a translation from Czech, as the Polish language was not necessarily to be the target language, in which the scribe wanted to commit the story to paper; moreover, the text’s “mixed” linguistic nature may arise from its borderline (Silesian) provenance – since the “legend”, in fact, constitutes a song, that is an oral composition. The article also juxtaposes fragments of the old-Polish text with five Czech songs about St. Dorothy, which have survived to the present times, thus making it possible to show that, apart from numerous similarities and fragments, which in isolation can be perceived as translations, the Polish version and its Czech counterparts show in places significant discrepancies. This excludes the possibility of finding a close relationship between the Polish text and either of the Czech versions, and suggests that the Polish version may have existed in oral circulation for a long time, irrespectively of the written model; at the same time, it allows for an assumption that in the Middle Ages, there might have been more versions of this song in the Polish language.

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Strach oswojony, strach zapomniany? Próba uchwycenia śladów dawnych śląskich wierzeń we współczesnej leksyce (na przykładzie nazwy niby-osoby bebok)

Author(s): Alicja Bronder / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Based in the field of ethnolinguistics, the present article is devoted to the issue of vocabulary used in ancient Silesian folk beliefs. For the purpose of the article, the name of a quasi-human character – bebok – has been selected from folk texts and analyzed; observations have been carried out regarding grammar, semantic and pragmatic aspects of the lexeme. In the study, two methods have been employed, namely: the lingual representation of the world (“Językowy obraz świata”; JOS) and the theory of holistic evaluation. The collected material has allowed for creating a cognitive definition of the lexeme. The results have been juxtaposed with the most common and most interesting revisions of the quasiperson’s name, as present in a different context of the Internet. This juxtaposition made it possible to highlight changes in the structure and functioning of the lexeme, as well as to indicate differences between the ancient and modern systems of judging reality, contained in language.

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Legenda miejska – między folklorem a wymaganiami nowoczesności

Author(s): Beata Duda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Is there a place for communication deeply rooted in oral tradition in the times of visual culture? The authoress is trying to find an answer to this question through an in-depth look at the urban legend – a type of communicate which derives from folklore and constitutes a continuation of traditional, oral records. She has analyzed selected present-day legends with particular consideration of their place in a wide expanse of mass media. Another subject of interest for her is also the level of attractiveness of this type of communications for the recipient – a participant of media discourse.

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Co mówi, jak mówi i kim jest Bóg – bohater memów oraz reklam religijnych zamieszczanych na katolickich fanpage’ach?

Author(s): Katarzyna Trefler / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

This article constitutes an analysis of Catholic religious memes and advertising materials posted on Facebook, in which the hero is God. The authoress lists and discusses the characteristics of this type of texts: colloquialisms, ways of communicating typical for communication in virtual reality, persuasiveness and transformation of the traditional image of God, functioning in the language and culture.

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Co reklama mówi dzieciom o świecie? Socjalizacyjna oferta reklamy

Author(s): Emilia Bańczyk (Kałuzińska) / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Apart from encouraging people to purchase various products, advertising also transmits knowledge about social life. At the same time, for a child at preschool age, who is happy to watch them, commercials become the environment of socialization. Examining advertising message that is addressed to children, as well as the cultural content passed on to them, constitutes the objective of this work. For its implementation, it has proved useful to treat the advertisement communicate as a whole – the verbal layer is therefore analyzed along with other codes of advertising. The analysis is based on commercials broadcast on the TVP ABC channel.

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Przejawy tendencji do ekonomiczności środków językowych w zakresie wymowy i podsystemu fonologicznego

Author(s): Marcin Maciołek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The article presents manifestations of the tendency to economize language means and to spare effort in pronunciation and on the phonological level of language. Essentially, the phenomena presented in the article relate to Polish, but also to other languages, for example Arabic. The author discusses the phonetic assimilation and simplification, the observable today pronunciation habits of Poles and representatives of other nationalities, pays attention to the problems of speech sound perception and production, and argues that phonetization and phonologization only seemingly contradict the economy of language.

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Uwagi o polszczyźnie inskrypcji nagrobnych na Grodzieńszczyźnie

Author(s): Katarzyna Konczewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2014

The article presents the analysis of features of the Polish language displayed in gravestone inscriptions of the chosen Catholic cemeteries of Grodno region – Kvasovka, Indura, Vereyki, Replya, Lunno, Volpa, Ros. The author briefly describes the districts where research was conducted, gives a general characteristics of the cemeteries and analyses the Polish language inscriptions in gravestones, noting regional linguistic features.

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Filologia a tożsamość. Dwugłos polsko litewski o ks. Antonim Juszkiewiczu, twórcy słowników przekładowych

Author(s): Vilija Sakalauskiene,Zofia Sawaniewska-Mochowa / Language(s): Russian,Polish Issue: 38/2014

The nineteenth-century lexicographical legacy of Fr. Antoni Juszkiewicz (Antanas Juška) is a common linguistic and cultural heritage of Poles and Lithuanians. The translational dictionaries, made by the bilingual author, document the spoken Lithuanian language (in dialectal and colloquial versions) and, as well, Polish regional language in the contemporary territory of Lithuania in the period of partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth. The dictionaries are treated as important sources that provide ethnolinguistic information on two phenomena: - conceptualization of the world by the two nations at the time of crystallization of the Lithuanian identity, - personal vision of the world presented by the lexicographer, the priest, remaining in the situation of a cultural Polish-Lithuanian bivalence. In the mid-19th century the Antanas Juška’s idea of documenting the folk colloquial vocabulary was a new and significant phenomenon in Lithuanian lexicography. The dictionary of Lithuanian-Polish language was a matter of importance for the society. Lithuanians needed the dictionary even more than Poles did. At first the author of this dictionary dedicated his attention to the intellectuals. The brightest minds of that time were going to Polish schools, so the Polish and Lithuanian languages were always used side by side. As a lexicographer, Antanas Juška understood that not only folk colloquial language but also ethnography was an important aspect of national cultural development. For a few decades he dedicated his inexhaustible energy to recording Lithuanian words, phrases, songs and customs of the country. He was attentive to the psychological, historical and traditional aspects of the culture as well as tried to describe the way people expressed their thoughts. Anatans Juška recorded more than 30,000 words of the spoken language. The ‘Lithuanian Polish Dictionary’ in its different editions reflects the state of Lithuanian language in the second half of the 19th century. The words in this dictionary include loanwords, vulgarities and sentences that reflect the difficult human conditions of that time. ‘The Lithuanian-Polish Dictionary’ by Antanas Juška is an important source of lexicography. The remaining manuscript and editorial processes reflect many difficulties leading to the final results. It is an important and valuable source for researching the development of Lithuanian literary writing.

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O warstwach leksyki pochodzenia litewskiego na obszarze ignalińsko jezioroskim

Author(s): Krystyna Rutkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2014

In this study lexical lithuanisms were analysed, functioning in the Ignalina–Zarasai area, on the Lithuanian–Latvian–Belarussian borderland. Lithuanian proceeds on Slavic dialect have an ancient history, which can be associated with a period, dated quite early based on sources of language. Studying Lithuanian vocabulary in these dialects, the dynamics of influences can be observed simultaneously, as contacts between Lithuanian and other dialects existed in this area for a long time. Therefore, several layers of lithuanisms, differentiated based on time and manner of borrowing, can be distinguished: a) a layer of borrowings with a wide range, shared by many language groups, certified in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages; b) a layer of contact lithuanisms, certified in the border zone of Lithuania and the Polish language, dialects occurring in Belarus, also in the Russian dialects of Old Believers; this vocabulary can have a wider range of occurrence or be listed within a single language area, for example only in the Ignalina–Zarasai or Vilnius region; c) borrowings with the rank of infiltration, resulting from active contacts with the Lithuanian language and dialects.

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„My tu nie mówimy, ino godumy i jesteśmy z tego dumni” O tym, dlaczego gwary wielkopolskie przetrwały (na przykładzie języka mieszkańców wsi powiatu międzychodzkiego)

Author(s): Bartosz Cemborowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 06/2015

The aim of this article is to respond to the question: Why have the dialects of the Province of Greater Poland survived while the dialects from other parts of Poland are in decline? The analy¬tical material relates to the statements of the users of this dialect who live in the western parts of Greater Poland (Międzychodzki district). It was collected during fieldwork in the villages of the Międzychodzki district between 2012 and 2015. The research methodology was based on autobiographical interviews, questionnaires and participant observations. Three important factors which contributed to the survival of the dialects of Greater Poland are: the history of this region, the identity of its people and the fashion for dialect use among the younger generation of Greater Poland’s inhabitants.

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Próba kognitywnego ujęcia mądrości (na materiale przysłów polskich i litewskich)

Author(s): Monika Bogdzevič / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2015

In this paper, an attempt has been made to present the semantic and axiological substance of wisdom hidden in the consciousnesses of two different, namely Polish and Lithuanian, linguistic-cultural communities. The analysis belongs to a branch of linguistics, interpreting language in terms of concepts, viewing it as a source of knowledge about people themselves, different communities, their mentality, ways of perception and interpretations of the way the world is. As a model to present the most thorough understanding of wisdom, the method of cognitive definition proposed by Jerzy Bartmiński is applied. Linguistic-cultural images of wise [person], understood as the concretizations of wisdom have to reveal him/her in opposition to stupid. The cognitive picture of wise is for the most part based on the analysis of features of character and appearance, portrayed behavior, interpersonal relations and the way others have as a perception of wise. Many cognitive parameters of wisdom are revealed while exploring the interactions between people and that of nature (plants, animals) which surrounds them and investigating deeper interpersonal relations with other people. The material for research was taken from Polish and Lithuanian proverbs. The latter occur as a result of world perception, everyday life observation, confrontations with its phenomenon. The proverbs are taken from compendiums of Polish and Lithuanian proverbs: Nowa księga przysłów i wyrażeń przysłowiowych (The New Book of Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases) by Julian Krzyżanowski and Lietuvių patarlės (Lithuanian Proverbs), Patarlių paralelės (Parallels of Proverbs) by Kazys Grigas. Given as cognitive definitions the cultural visions of wise, despite all the emphasized differences, enable us to perceive many evaluations of wise similar or even common to Polish and Lithuanian cultures.

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Językowo-kulturowy obraz dziecka w gwarach góralskich

Author(s): Agnieszka Gotówka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2014

The child image has not been examined in detail by dialectologists to date. However, researchers of standard Polish language and popular culture are interested in this subject. The paper analyses the reconstruction of the linguistic child image in many Gorale dialects (Podhale, Orawa, Spisz, Slask Cieszynski, Zywiecczyzna, Bukowina). Examples have been taken from regional and dialect dictionaries from the years 1900 – 2011, from proverbs and various mass media texts. Vocabulary which conceptualizes the child image in Gorale dialects is rich and interesting not only from a formal and stylistic point of view, but also, and it is worth mentioning, its origins and geography which are very diverse. This vocabulary reflects the people’s relationships and traditions. It reveals the emotions and hierarchy of values, which are typical not only for Gorale but also reflect Polish people’s attitude towards the family.

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Multi-level Annotation of the Specialized Corpus of Dialogs of Disabled Polish Speakers

Author(s): Joanna Trzebinska,Jakub Bartoszewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2014

While Polish language is relatively well represented in general purpose corpora such as National Polish Language Corpus still there are groups of speakers that are underrepresented in reference corpora. One of such sub-groups is the disabled people community. On the other hand there is a growing need for understanding how disability influences social and cognitive abilities, language in particular. In this paper, we present a specialized Corpus of Dialogs of Disabled Speakers. The process of compiling, transcription and annotation of pragmatic, semantic and morphosyntactic features will be described, as well as Corpus applications will be discussed.

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DIctionnaire Synchronique des FAmilles dÉrivationnelles de mots français (DISFA ) jako faza ewolucji słowotwórstwa gniazdowego

Author(s): Wanda Fijałkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2016

The lexicography of the Slavonic nations, especially the branch of nest lexicography, has seen an impetuous development since the sixties, producing at least fifty publications, but it remains effectively unknown to French lexicography. Updated terminology, the symbols of successive parts of speech in the word-formative chain from the centre of the nest to the specific derivative, remain an achievement of researchers solely on this side of the Rhône. The DISFA dictionary (Claude Gruaz et al., published *""‰) neither does refer to the Slavonic tradition, nor even to the native, French tradition (p.ex. an unfinished project from the nineties that was initiated by Danielle Corbin), and remains despite the announcements only a morphological and etymological dictionary.

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Poezja bez granic. Ania Walwicz

Author(s): Andrzej Jaroszyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

This is a presentation of the prose poetry of Ania Walwicz, one of Australia’s best-known experimental writers and performers but unknown in Poland. Her two pieces: “Australia” and “Poland” are given special attention to show some of the fundamental features of her poems, i.e. loss of identity and transgressive forms of her language. A short recollection of the author’s encounter with the poet in 2012 is included as well.

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Uchwycić stratę, albo „kamyki cmentarne” z Melbourne

Author(s): Katarzyna Kwapisz Williams / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Migration always involves loss, which inspires potential writers and is itself often the focus of migrants’ narratives. Seen through this monodimensional attachment to things left behind and hence not particularly valued, written and unwritten stories of migrants’ experiences are themselves prone to disappear, together with the memory of their authors. This paper examines the work of a biographer and poet, Bogumiła Żongołłowicz, commited to recovering and preserving achievements of Polish post-war migrants in Australia, reclaiming forgotten or unappreciated literary works for future readers, and celebrating life and memory of those who would otherwise perish as well.

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Australijskie „idealne miejsce” Jerzego Domaradzkiego

Author(s): Małgorzata Radkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Jerzy Domaradzki started to work in Australia after his film “Wielki bieg” [“The Great Race”] had been presented at a film festival in Sydney. During those first years he had been mainly teaching at a film school, but after some time he began to make feature films and documentaries. The text examines the films he made in Australia, analyzing the way he selected characters and the problems he had in developing stories and images of people of different nations, cultures and times.

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Bardzo długi marsz: „Niepokonani” Petera Weira wobec prozy Sławomira Rawicza

Author(s): Magdalena Kempna-Pieniążek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The Polish reaction to Peter Weir’s film “The Way Back” (2010) was centred on a discussion about the credibility of its literary prototype, Sławomir Rawicz’s book “The long walk” (1955). The author of the article does not discuss this controversy; she prefers to concentrate on the adaptation that was chosen by the director, who combines different interpretations of the phenomenon of freedom in his movie. Weir’s approach can be regarded as transnational and such a perspective is suggested as a context for the interpretation of “The Way Back”.

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