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Jan Paweł II wobec wartości. Miejsce wybranych tekstów Papieża Polaka w edukacji polonistycznej uczniów szkół ponadpodstawowych

Author(s): Magdalena Marzec-Jóźwicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1S/2020

The aim of this article is to show the ways of presenting the work of John Paul II in Polish language lessons in secondary school, although his texts were not included in the new core curriculum. The author decided that it is worth showing students the Polish Pope as a poet, a reader, a recipient of literature and a man with a sense of humour. In addition, she discusses the idea of creating the first smartphone educational game about the Pope when young.

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Nowy Jork w prozie Janusza Głowackiego

Author(s): Agata Paliwoda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The paper depicts the image of New York which emerges from the prose writings of Janusz Głowacki. The writer, meticulous in representing the topography of the metropolis, saw it as a city of stark contrasts, unlimited possibilities and complete unpredictability. The view of New York, always critical in Głowacki’s writing, revealed its sharpness and depth especially in his recent novels. The city appears as a parable of the global world, its chaos and confusion of values, as a reality, in which poverty and wealth exist next to each other, people devoid of authenticity treat others like objects, confrontation with otherness blurs identity, and values are created by money and the market.

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Przestrzeń akwatyczna w wierszach poetów polskich w Kanadzie

Author(s): Janusz Pasterski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The paper discusses aspects related to the use of aquatic space in selected works by Polish poets living in Canada. The author discusses the ways of literary functioning of images of the ocean, sea, lakes and rivers in works by Zofia Bohdanowiczowa, Wacław Iwaniuk, Florian Śmieja, Bogdan Czaykowski and Andrzej Busza. For Polish émigré poets of the older generation, the water element was a frequent part of the represented world, as well as an important link in their creative imagination. Water spaces were connected, in fact, with the situation of lacking roots, of alienation faced with the vastness of the new continent, they overwhelmed with their size, and set insurmountable boundaries. According to the author, the symbolism of water was more often a metaphor of existence than a spiritual mirror of deliberations. Vertically juxtaposed against the sky/heaven and life, it became an icon of death, or even of nothingness. As a result, it revealed less often the traditional healing power or the metaphysical elevation function known from the past.

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Czy męskie kobiety i zniewieściali mężczyźni to wytwór kultury współczesnej? Ślady przenikania się ról płciowych w dramacie „Barbara jeszcze Gasztołdowa żona” Dominika Magnuszewskiego

Author(s): Wojciech Lemański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The aim of the paper is to show the social and cultural processes that perpetuate the patriarchal model of society using the example of Dominik Magnuszewski’s play Barbara jeszcze Gasztołdowa żona. Using research in the field of cultural anthropology, I consider the work in the context of the representation of gender roles in a manner inconsistent with the archetypal patterns. King Sigismund represents the type of effeminate masculinity, while Queen Bona is referred here to the virago femininity type, combining traits considered as masculine and feminine. The paper develops research into the problem of the domination of patriarchy in 19th century Poland, using terminology taken from cultural anthropology (androcentric ignorance).

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„Gombrowicz jest moją zmorą”. Dziennikowe zmagania Sławomira Mrożka z Witoldem Gombrowiczem

Author(s): Barbara Gutkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The autobiographical works of Sławomir Mrożek, which include his extensive diaries from the years 1962–1989 and large volumes of correspondence, continue to be open to new readings. Since the key, and until now undescribed problem in the meta-literary layer is the relation to Witold Gombrowicz as an artist and as a human being, the paper analyses and interprets, from a historical literary and comparative point of view, the multi-annual polemics with the aesthetic and philosophical views of the author of Ferdydurke, which Mrożek conducted in his diaries from 1965 to 1987. The process-based nature of the author’s references is emphasised: from respectful acceptance to the decisive overcoming of Gombrowicz’s influence, ending in the opening of Mrożek towards metaphysics, absent from his master’s worldview. The particular role of Gombrowicz’s work is pointed out as a mirror for Mrożek, where Mrożek’s reflection on himself as an artist and on his own art took shape and gained confidence.

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Wojaczek — Cwietajewa. Przeklęte pokrewieństwo

Author(s): Konrad Wojtyła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article describes previously unknown intertextual relationships and kinships between Marina Tsvetaeva and Rafał Wojaczek. The author reveals analogies in both the biographical and the textual spheres. The first one contains the existential and ideological problems as well as myth-forming aspects focusing on the fact of suicidal death (of both authors), the second one the thematization, organizing poetic statements and identical formal resolutions. The figures of “the Negro” and “the Jew” come to the fore as well as the issues centered around the anti-aesthetic categories: guilt and punishment, life and death, sacrum and profanum.

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A Solitary Man in the Space of Genocide

Author(s): Paweł Tomczok / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2020

In this essay, I discuss a particular narrative structure manifest in contemporary genocide narratives, a structure based on a distinctive presence of a first-person – usually male – narrator, who describes his experiences and reflections born in the course of his peregrinations to sites of mass extermination. Rooting my research in geocriticism, I explore ties between space and memory, which allows me to distinguish several levels of analyzed texts, tending towards metaphysical generalizations of nihilistic or patriotic nature. I apply the said analytical categories to my study of selected passages of Dawid Szkoła’s and Przemysław Dakowicz’s respective essays.

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Marionetki Cypriana Norwida a ich polsko- i anglojęzyczne wykonanie przez Czesława Niemena

Author(s): Agata Brajerska-Mazur / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

Czesław Niemen’s English interpretation of “Marionettes” differs both from his 1973 Polish version and the original text. The differences of the two renditions of Cyprian Norwid’s poem are demonstrated in the article by means of a detailed and multiphase analysis – first of the original poem, then of Paweł Brodowski’s translation, then finally, of Niemen’s performance of this translation on his album “Ode to Venus,” which is in turn compared to his earlier Polish recording of Norwid’s text on the album “Niemen vol. 2.” The original and translated texts are analysed and compared using the katena method, while their musical performances are assessed using Peter Low, Johan Franzon and Andrew Kelly’s laws and rules governing the translation of lyrics set to music.

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Предизвиците на преводот на “Киберијадата” од Станислав Лем

Author(s): Lidija Tanushevska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 2/2020

This article is about the specific language that the translator is faced with translating The Cyberiad by Stanisław Lem and some of the difficulties that are caused by the conception of the whole book. Considering that it is a science-fiction, it is natural that the main problems are neologisms made by Lem, but it appears that it is not the only one. We are trying to make an outline of the whole process of translating The Cyberiad, underlining some of the difficulties that the translator in Macedonian language could have come upon. Analyses contains of problems with word formation, poetic language, phraseology, archaisms and neologisms.

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Przekład — kontekst — polityka. Próba lektury „Rozważań o Polsce” Draga Jančara

Author(s): Michał Kopczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

This article discusses Drago Jančar’s 1997 essay, Adam Michnik ali premišljevanje o Poljski (Adam Michnik; Or, Reflections on Poland). The essay was translated into Polish first by Joanna Pomorska (2001) and then, about two decades later, by Nikodem Szczygłowski. The aim of the article is to interpret Jančar’s essay in light of ongoing changes to the political situation in Europe and to evaluate to what extent the political context influences the interpretation of the work in question.

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Tłumaczenie antroponimów sztucznych na przykładzie francuskiego i angielskiego przekładu powieści „Pod Mocnym Aniołem” Jerzego Pilcha

Author(s): Kinga Strzelecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this work is to present the problem of translation of fictive anthroponyms on the example of French and English version of „Pod Mocnym Aniołem” by Jerzy Pilch by answering the questions: how those fictive anthroponyms are translated and which techniques are used the most often. For this purpose, we analyze translation techniques of anthroponyms in French and English and the connection between the form of an anthroponym and the translator’s choice. In this category, literal translation has the highest frequency (18 French and 19 English names of the total 30), the other techniques are literal translation with borrowing, borrowing, functional equivalent, reduction, and addition. The names of all characters created by the writer are difficult to translate because those elements do not have any equivalents known by the culture of the target language.

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O języku polskiej powieści brukowej

Author(s): Danuta Bieńkowska,Elżbieta Umińska-Tytoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

The subject of description and analysis in this article are the linguistic-stylistic features of the Polish pulp fiction novels of the late 19th and early 20th century. Pulp fiction novels, which belong to the so called secondary (or lower class) literature, were intended to satisfy the ludic and cultic reading needs of the middle and lower social layer. The pulp fiction novels are dominated by a simple style, sprouting from the implementation of the veristic ideas, according to which the texts were to reflect the reality, refer to the mentality, customs, culture, and language of the readers. In order to make the depicted world real, the onyms were used (names, surnames, nicknames of the characters and the topographical names) as well as the abundance of linguistic means typical of the colloquial communication. In the stylistics of the pulp fiction novels present are also elements characteristic of the artistic (poetic) style, that make them more sophisticated or literary. They were intended to create in an average common reader the idea of what literariness is.

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Całuję nogi pańskie czy kończę francuskim stylem? Uwarunkowania etykietalnych zachowań językowych w listach 2. połowy XVIII wieku (na materiale korespondencji Jędrzeja Kitowicza)

Author(s): Renata Bizior / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

This article discusses various aspect of using old Polish language etiquette (linguistic politeness) in the 18th-century letters written by Jędrzej Kitowicz (1728–1804), a well known author of Custom and Culture in Poland Under the Last Saxon King (translated by Oscar E. Swan, 2016, 2018). The writer is also known as the author of many letters to people connected with him by various social relations. The subject matter of this article encompasses ways of organizing the etiquette formulas used in the construction of the final part of the letters, where the genre norms allow for some creative individuality. The analysis is focused on relation between ways of using language and social determinants of the sender’s and recipient’s status. The paper discusses factors (sociolinguistic, pragmatic, genre) determining the selection of appropriate language formulas. It also presents the structure of etiquette formulas used in the letters to Kitowicz’s sister and to his powerful protector Michał Lipski, for whom he worked as a secretary and newsman. The differentiation of language etiquette. The differentiation of language etiquette formulas in the letter subscription, the care for their stylistic shape, is recognized in this article as a manifestation of linguistic politeness, which serves to maintain specific relationship between the sender and the recipient of the letters.

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Funkcja powtórzeń językowych w Uchu Igielnym Wiesława Myśliwskiego

Author(s): Danuta Kowalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the function of linguistic repetitions in the novel Ucho igielne of Wiesław Myśliwski. The subject of description are the repetitions of both lexical and syntactic units, as well as the units smaller than a word (morphemes) in a linear sequence of the text. The presented analysis shows that the writer skilfully uses the descriptions in various functions. First, they are an exponent of coherence of the text in which fragmentation of the segments of content can be noticed. Repetitions facilitate to follow the non-chronological narration, they signal continuity of a given theme within a given relation. Second, they are used as a stylistic means in an uttered monologue, therefore stylized as a spoken language, serving various purposes and primarily performing an impressive and expressive functions. Myśliwski also uses repetitions to create music of words, he confers to the text a kind of rhythm. Repetitions also visibly co-create the orality of the text as they are conducive to memorizing and making memory present. The remarkable power of repetition in the stylistic layer of the analysed work, its attractiveness, is also determined by a manner the writer uses this stylistic means. Myśliwski extremely carefully, in accordance with the rhetoric rules, constructs the composition of his work. Besides the syntactic parallelisms, we find examples of polyptotons and the etymological figures, apart from anaphors there are frequent anadiploses. Quite often repetitions draw the reader’s attention to the text itself, therefore being also one of the vehicles of the poetic function in the work.

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Wizje globalnego zbawienia w myśli mesjanistycznej Juliusza Słowackiego i filozofii Teilharda de Chardin

Author(s): Olaf Krysowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2020

Juliusz Słowacki and Teilhard de Chardin did not have much in common. The former was a Polish poet who wrote in the first half of the 19th century using a literary-pictorial style. The latter, on the other hand, was a French philosopher working in the first half of the 20th century using a scientific and intellectual style. In spite of these differences, one may get the impression that they both followed the same goal: to learn and explain the principles of the development of the world, from its origin to its end, from Alpha to Omega. This aspiration was accompanied by a belief (in Słowacki’s case, a messianic one) that the progress of existence leads to salvation and takes place according to a certain plan. One of the main mechanisms of this plan is the process of lifting the consciousness through the evolution of various biological forms towards its final shape – unity with God who is both a person and the absolute which encompasses all of the creation. Although the poet and the philosopher used different communication codes, their works share a common vision of evolution as a transition from an unconscious, dispersed existence to a united being in which the spirit, the knowledge and the mind can achieve a “global”, yet personalized level.

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Symboliczne i filozoficzne podobieństwa poezji Jana Kasprowicza i Jānisa Rainisa

Author(s): Paweł Wojciechowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2020

The text Symbolic and philosophical similarities between Jan Kasprowicz’s and Janis Rainis’ poetry presents the figure of Kasprowicz – a great Polish modernist, and Rainis – a Latvian poet and playwright, a man of the theater, author of numerous works for children and a recognized translator of the works of William Shakespeare, Friedrich Schiller, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, George Gordon Byron, and Aleksander Pushkin. The analysis is directed toward the lyrical work of the Latvian and the Polish poet, emphasizing its symptomatic symbolism and philosophical influences (Blaise Pascal, Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri Bergson) present in the phenomena of nature and love.

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Lietuvių tautosakos archyvo tarybos posėdžių protokolai

Author(s): Kostas Aleksynas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 30/2005

Prieš 70 metų savo veiklą pradėjo Lietuvių tautosakos archyvas. Čia skelbiami jo tarybos 1935–1940 metų posėdžių protokolai pateikia konkrečių duomenų, leidžiančių spręsti apie šios institucijos darbuotojų užmojus ir geriau suvokti tas sąlygas, kurioms esant pasiekta mums gerai žinomų rezultatų.

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Słownictwo dotyczące świata fauny i flory w Symbolice wiosennej Stefanii Ulanowskiej

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Słownictwo dotyczące świata fauny i flory w Symbolice wiosennej Stefanii Ulanowskiej

Author(s): Małgorzata Andrejczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2021

The object of interest in this sketch is an analysis of the vocabulary indicating selected elements of the world of fauna and flora in Symbolika wiosenna (Spring symbolism) by Stefania Ulanowska (Kraków 1884). The collected language material is characterised by wealth and complexity of the subject matter. The indicated vocabulary has not been characterised yet. This paper employs elements of the cognitivist description of language. The selection of this method enables depiction of the relation between linguistic knowledge and encyclopaedic knowledge. Language becomes an indispensible element of mental processes of the perception of the world (Tokarski 1995; Miodunka 1980). The analysis of the excerpted material clearly shows that the discussed spring symbolism usually invokes, contrary to the prototype, the semantic fi eld related to ‘śmierć’ (death) rather than ‘życie’ (life). The reconstructed image of the folk idea of spring largely deviates from the ideas established in the consciousness of language users in general, which is confirmed by the discussed examples. It presents unit connotations that are individualised and present in the consciousness of members of small rural communities of those times.

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Obyś cudze dzieci uczył (np. na Wołyniu lub Polesiu)! O szkole we wschodnich województwach międzywojennej Polski

Author(s): Zbigniew Kopeć / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2020

The article attempts to analyze the functioning of Polish schools in the interwar period in the eastern regions of the Second Polish Republic. The common stereotypes, rooted also in literature, projected a popular image of backwardness, in comparison with the population from other parts of Poland. For that reason, education was determined as a high priority after 1918. The schools in eastern regions, beside performing their educational function, also disseminated information and political propaganda. The teaching conditions in such schools were also complex, given the national and ethnic composition of children. Ksawery Pruszyński in his reportage Prawo do Wołynia demonstrates that not all efforts were equally satisfactory.

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Użycie kursywy w poezji Klary Nowakowskiej

Author(s): Karol Knapiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2020

The article reflects upon the record and its meaning in the poetry of Klara Nowakowska. By analyzing the italicized parts in terms of syntax, lexis, rhythm as well as their position in the text, the author of the article presents their diversity and explains the typographical distinctions. It leads to deeper reflections upon the poem as a graphical text and to the analogy between a poetic utterance and a musical piece.

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