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Rzecz o roku 1863 – argument z historii w myśli politycznej krakowskiego stańczyka Stanisława Koźmiana

Author(s): Mariusz Menz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2019

Stanisław Koźmian was one of the authors of Teki Stańczyka and one of the leading commentators of Przegląd Polski. Although he was not a historian, his ideas, aimed at justifying the policy of loyalism adopted first the Habsburg Monarchy and then towards all the partitioning powers, were based on historical arguments which often functioned as argumentum iudicium. A particularly good example of this is provided by his most important book Rzecz o roku 1863. Published on the thirtieth anniversary of the January Uprising, the book was intended to end the debate on the meaning of the Polish insurrections. The purpose of the article is to trace the development of Koźmian’s historical thought and to explain the way in which he used historical arguments to justify his political ideas.

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Dzieje najnowsze: opinie historyków polskich w czasach II Rzeczypospolitej

Author(s): Lidia Michalska-Bracha / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2019

This article deals with the process of establishing the most recent history as a legitimate object of study in Polish interwar historiography. The author attempts to reconstruct the model on which the interwar studies of the most recent history were based. Her special concern is also with debates on the social function of historiography and with attempts at the reinterpretation of Polish history from the perspective of the ‘resurrection of an independent Poland’. Following the line of research outlined above, the author analyses several historians’ views of the object and scope of the research into the most recent history and of the methods employed in it (M. Handelsman, W. Lipiński, M. Sokolnicki, S. Zakrzewski).

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Konfederacja barska w myśli historycznej szkoły krakowskiej: Michał Bobrzyński i Anatol Lewicki

Author(s): Jerzy Maternicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2020

In this article, the author continues to discuss the topic with which he first dealt in an essay entitled Joachim Lelewel i Józef Szujski: wizje konfederacji barskiej. The article provides a detailed analysis of the views of the Bar Confederation as advanced by M. Bobrzyński and A. Lewicki in their interpretations of Polish history. In addition to showing both differences and similarities existing between the two accounts of the political movement in question. The author also aims to establish how the analysed views related to those held by J. Szujski and how they connected to the politics of history pursued by the Kraków conservatives.

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Kreacja bohaterów historycznych jako istotny element interpretacji dziejów narodowych w ujęciu historyków XIX i początku XX wieku. Studium przypadku Waleriana Kalinki i Adama Skałkowskiego

Author(s): Violetta Julkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2020

This article deals with the problem of representing prominent historical figures in selected biographical works by Walerian Kalinka and Adam Skałkowski. The author’s concern is with demonstrating how changing narrative strategies were used by these scholars to represent national heroes and what influence their general vision of history exerted upon the way in which they created particular historical portraits. A separate strand of analysis concerns the historical figures’ private memory, shaped through family interactions, and the influence it exerted upon the creation of their official biographies.

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Piotr Biliński, Władysław Konopczyński 1880–1952. Człowiek i dzieło

Author(s): Andrzej Wierzbicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2020

Review of: Andrzej Wierzbicki - Piotr Biliński, Władysław Konopczyński 1880–1952. Człowiek i dzieło, Ośrodek Myśli Politycznej, Kraków 2017, ss. 622 + [2] + [8 s.] il. + [2 k.] tabl. gen. Władysława Konopczyńskiego i Jadwigi z Lutostańskich.

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Aksjologiczna nieprzejrzystość. O silnych wartościowaniach w dziennikach pisarzy

Author(s): Robert Piłat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

In the present article, I discuss the issue of whether writers’ diaries reveal strong evaluations of their authors. Following Charles Taylor, I understand strong evaluation as the best axiological explanation which a given person is able to formulate and present as the reason for his or her preferences. This axiological awareness is a non-trivial internal choice made from among many possible explanations – it is a self-interpretation aimed at showing the source of the goodness instantiated by the person’s values. In the article, I look for evidence of such awareness in several well-known writers’ diaries. My conclusions are skeptical. Although the journals provide some clues in the search for strong evaluations, they are too chaotic and inconclusive. David Parker believes it more promising to look for fundamental axiological awareness in autobiographies instead. I find his approach correct; distanced reflection seems to be the only chance to reveal strong evaluations. This is despite the aporias involved in self-knowledge.

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Pisarz w archiwum. Prace nad poznańskim Archiwum Włodzimierza Odojewskiego

Author(s): Dagmara Nowakowska,Alicja Przybyszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2019

The article is a collection of thoughts that transpired during the work at the Archive of Włodzimierz Odojewski. The aim of the authors was to identify and indicate the potential ways to study the life and works of the writer, and the expected result of the research is a biography of Odojewski. The research was based on the exploration of the writer’s private collection: unpublished documents, manuscripts, typescripts, personal papers, correspondence, family and estate papers and photographs. The authors focused on a number of issues. One, the biographical facts that influenced Odojewski’s output – World War II, frequent relocations, censorship and a ban on publishing in Poland, emigration, the relation with the Polish Institute in Maisons-Laffitte and working at Radio Free Europe’s editorial office. Two, the analysis of literary works including hundreds of typescripts in many variants (related to the phases of the genetic history of a literary work through the stages of Odojewski’s life) which allowed for describing Odojewski’s writing techniques. Three, ‘The writer’s map’ which points out places important for the author – Poznań, Gniezno, Kłecko, Podole, Szczecin, Warsaw, Paris, Berlin, Munich. Four, the correspondence (personal and cultural) which can be used as an important source of knowledge of the history of Polish post-war emigration. One of the most interesting parts of the collection is a collection of letters from Jerzy Giedroyć that show Polish culture outside the Iron Curtain.

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„Wędrowiec-dantofil” w rodzinnej Italii. Stanisław Vincenz a włoska tradycja artystyczna

Author(s): Jakub Żmidziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2020

The article is the first attempt at a holistic view of Stanisław Vincenz’s relationship with Italian culture. Since his youth, Vincenz would visit the Italian Peninsula travelling to Venice and, already as an emigrant after World War II, made a few visits to Naples and Tuscany. These journeys resulted in numerous comments included in his essays on Dante Alighieri, as separate overview Z perspektywy podróży (From a traveller’s perspective) and List z Neapolu. Dialog z Czesławem Miłoszem (A letter from Naples. A dialogue with Czesław Miłosz). Italian journeys, interest in Dante and Italian culture (architecture, painting, folk rituals) brought numerous Italian motifs in the tetralogy Na wysokiej połoninie (On a high mountain pasture). The key element is included in volume II, Zwada (Conflict), which describes a group of loggers cutting down trees in a primeval Carpathian forest. In this part, a young Italian dies and is buried after a Hutsul funeral ritual which is not understood by the foreigners. The analysis of the abovementioned motifs shows how important Italian culture was to Vincenz, also in a very personal sense, given the Vincenz family’s distant Venetian roots. One may even claim that for the writer, Italy was almost a family land. Personifying the European spirit, Italy was his “broader” homeland.

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Gustaw Herling e Elémire Zolla: tracce di un’amicizia

Author(s): Raoul Bruni,Małgorzata Ślarzyńska / Language(s): Italian Issue: 39/2020

The aim of this article is to show the relationship between Gustaw Herling-Grudziński and Elémire Zolla through their letters, until now unpublished, kept in the Archive of Herling-Grudziński in Naples. The letters sent to Herling-Grudziński by Zolla are published here for the first time. The literary relation between the two writers and intellectualists can also be traced in Zolla’s review of Herling-Grudziński’s volume of short stories Pale d’altare, translated into Italian and published in Italy, as well as in Herling’s-Grudziński review of Zolla’s novel Cecilia o la disattenzione.

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Maestri del dissenso: Leonardo Sciascia e la lezione degli scrittori polacchi

Author(s): Andrea Schembari / Language(s): Italian Issue: 39/2020

The article focuses on the intertextual presence of Polish writers in Leonardo Sciascia’s work. Highlighted in this context is the possible influence on the Sicilian writer of the peculiar expression of “dissent” by writers such as Sienkiewicz, Brandys and Lec. The article closes with a brief comparison between the protagonists of Il cavaliere e la morte by Sciascia and Odpocznij po biegu (Rest after run) by Terlecki, both restless investigators disobedient to the authorities.

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Przybrany ojciec. Czesław Miłosz w Chinach

Author(s): Joanna Krenz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2021

Czesław Miłosz remains among the most important foreign authors and literary authorities for Chinese poets. Initially received in China with distrust and uncertainty, then portrayed in the official state discourse of romantic-revolutionary literature as the bard of socialism, Miłosz became the spiritual father of the younger generation affected by the Cultural Revolution and Tiananmen Square Massacre, a witness of the age, and a symbol of intellectual independence and resistance against totalitarianism. After a period of reading Miłosz in terms of ethical and political categories, Chinese reviews and literary texts in the 2010s and 2020s increasingly refer to Miłosz as philosophical and metaphysical poet. This article analyses Miłosz’s reception in China, paying attention to the historical, cultural, and linguistic factors that shaped the assimilation of his work and the values he brought to Chinese poetry.

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Chiny wyobrażone – Chiny ucieleśnione. Państwo Środka w polskich i serbskich relacjach z podróży (od XVIII do połowy XX wieku)

Author(s): Karolina Galewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2021

The article presents an overview of the issues discussed in Tomasz Ewertowski’s monograph Images of China in Polish and Serbian Travel Writings (1720–1949). It reconstructs the discourse that emerges from the journals as their authors report on their journeys to the Middle Kingdom. The article also analyses the conditioning of the presented attitudes in the context of individual experience. Using imagology-based tools, Ewertowski refers to the mental representations of reality recorded in the text in the form of stereotypically formed ethnotypes. Ewertowski creates a mosaic of the way travellers from the West imagined both Chinese cities and the characteristic features of Far Eastern culture, which is often marked by Eurocentrism and an evaluating attitude towards the Other.

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Kwestia kobieca w Polskiej Kronice Filmowej (postulaty badawcze w zarysie)

Author(s): Justyna Granatowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2021

In the women’s press, published at the end of the Polish People’s Republic, images of unmarried women were increasingly appearing. Despite the fact that press releases still largely portrayed the stereotypical perception of single women, significant changes were seen in the presentation of the image and position of unmarried women. It was particularly noticeable in the pages of Kobieta i Życie where more and more texts showed loneliness as a conscious choice of Polish women who decided to become independent, not from coercion or necessity. The article presents women’s opinions on the subject of single life, the reasons for which the decision was made to choose such a way of life and the way Polish society perceive unmarried women at the end of the Polish People’s Republic. The analysis was based on publications appearing in Kobieta i Życie. The authors of the article, results of their research also referred to press materials published in other women’s magazines of the Polish People’s Republic – Przyjaciółka and Zwierciadło.

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Sama, ale czy samotna? – obraz niezamężnych kobiet u schyłku Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej w świetle „Kobiety i Życia”

Author(s): Małgorzata Dajnowicz,Urszula Sokołowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2021

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Obraz społecznych ruchów kobiet na łamach prasy dla katoliczek w Polsce międzywojennej

Author(s): Ewa Maj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2021

The purpose of the article was to show some aspects of women’s social movements and related press for Catholic women in the interwar Poland. Back then the religious press was an important part of publishing. Some of the papers were published directly for women. These periodicals were supporting national and religious values, were propagating the need to defend Poland and the Catholic faith against the immorality and cosmopolitism. The social movements of Polish Catholic women were strong, integrated and influenced among their members. They were showing the ideal of women in the country – both Polish-Catholic and the “Polish-Mother” – who is considered a secular apostole.

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Чари і пекло Мароко. Українсько-мароканський діалог поколінь у польській рецепції

Author(s): Walentyna Sobol / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 6/2019

The author of the article, Walentyna Sobol, analyzes documentary and literary books from Morocco and two émigré writers about Morocco. These are “Spells of Morocco” – the Ukrainian forgotten author Sofia Jabłońska (1907–1971) and “Moon in Tears” – contemporary writer Morocco Ouard Saillo, born in Morocco in 1974. Ouardy Saillo’s book, decorated with photos of the Saillo family, was written in German. For the first time is published in Polish translated by Barbara Otwinowska (published in 2005 in Warsaw). In 2018, in Kiev were published 107 photographs of Sofia Jabłońska from her times of work and travel around the world, including Morocco. The goal of the article is to reveal the phenomenon of persistence and bravery of both writers, different, but sometimes very similar intertextuality . The narrative of the documents is examined using a methodological approach, especially in terms of: “intertextuality is a study of the memory of literature” (Tadeusz Sławek). Using modern research in anthropology, including the lexicon of the culture of memory “Modi memorandi”, the author of the article investigates the phenomenon of intertextuality in the narratives of Jabłońska and Saillo. This comparative study of the autobiographical works of Ukrainian and Moroccan writers in Poland not only reveals the conclusions, but also opens wide research perspectives.

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THE DOUBLE VISION OF JOSEPH CONRAD: "HEART OF DARKNESS", A CONTRADICTION IN TERMS

Author(s): Mirko Ž. Šešlak / Language(s): English Issue: 73/2020

This article aims to explore the background of the dispute started by Chinua Achebe in his famous essay “An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness”. The novel in ques- tion has become the subject of the dispute on whether it is deserving of being considered a great work of art. The reasons behind Achebe’s claim that it is not are the dehumanization of Africans found in various scenes throughout the novel, as well as the depiction of Africa itself as the barbaric and hostile other to civilized Europe. As in any such claim, while some support it, others find it faulty. There are those such as Achebe who would judge Conrad for the same reasons others, such as Bratlinger, Said, Mnthali, or Ngugi Wa Thiong’o, see him as the product of his time. This article will attempt to explore some of these claims and, if possible, determine the extent of their validity.

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Socjolog w świecie tekstu

Author(s): Marcin Gacek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

In this essay the author reflects on a monograph by Krzysztof Łęcki, Według Tukidydesa. Rozważania socjologa literatury nad ‘Wojną peloponeską’ [According to Thucydides: Reflections on the Sociological Literature about The Peloponnesian War] (2019), and seeks themes in it that extend beyond the sociology of literature. He concludes that Łęcki’s analysis convincingly adds to the body of knowledge on Thucydides’s text in philosophy and the sociology of politics. The book touches on many themes relevant to historical sociology or the sociological (and politological) understanding of rules governing the mechanisms of politics and international relations.

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Podmiotowość, akt twórczy i kobiecy eros. Komiks "Istota" a wybrane teorie feministyczne

Author(s): Magdalena Hamer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2019

Starting from the modern interpretation of the theories: parler femme by Luce Irigaray (adopting a speaking position that will enable woman/women to articulate their own sexuality, speak with their own voice) and écriture feminine by Hélène Cixous (a text freed by writing a female desire that carries the potential of revolutionary transformations) I come to the theory of the nomadic subject by Rosi Braidotti (the central categories are movement, changeability and the endless process of shaping the subject). I ask questions about the possibilities and limitations of finding or building a female identity and subject through creativity, empowering women in the domain of images related to sexuality, and the right to talk about their desires as creating their own place in the space of culture. As an example of creative acts building subjectivity, I present an erotic comic "Being" which is the first collective work on Polish soil that is supposed to express erotic fantasies from the perspective of women.

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“UNFATHOMABLE CALMNESS”: BETRAYAL TRAUMA, SILENCE AND DISSOCIATION IN THE SECRET AGENT

Author(s): Imen Chemengui / Language(s): English Issue: XIV/2019

With the rise of trauma theory in late 19th century, researchers have focused on foregrounding the significance of some catastrophic events that pertain mainly to the collective, leaving other forms of trauma and their psychological aftermath on the individual underrepresented. In this paper, I focus on social traumas in Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Agent, which seems to be overlooked by some critics whose insights highlight primarily its political aspect. The events of the novel revolve around the peculiar and traumatic experience of Winnie Verloc whose life is rife with betrayal and violence. Her recurrent exposure to successive shocking events culminates in her dissociation and, consequently, her suicide. To pin down what lies beneath Winnie’s ambiguity, aloofness and silence in the novel, I mainly rely on trauma theory, drawing from studies on PTSD, betrayal and dissociation by several trauma scholars, such as, Cathy Caruth, Shoshana Felman, Jennifer Freyd, and others. Furthermore, this paper examines the inextricability of the past from the present in trauma through the breadth scrutiny of Winnie’s psychological response to her excruciating experience. Hence the way the appalling past returns unbidden to shake Winnie’s present.

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