Pod powierzchnią Historii. Skorupy
This article concerns the essay Skorupy by Artur Daniel Liskowacki. It focuses on the description of the object as a carrier of cultural memory.
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This article concerns the essay Skorupy by Artur Daniel Liskowacki. It focuses on the description of the object as a carrier of cultural memory.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the figure of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Konstanty Szyrwid’s postils entitled “Points of sermons,” published in the first half of the 17th century in Vilnius. It is the first original work written in Lithuanian in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and translated into Polish. The paper shows that Mary has a number of personal and symbolic features, and her figure is presented only in the context of reflections on the human and divine nature of Christ. In his sermons, Szyrwid does not use colorful and elaborate expressions concerning Mary, but instead employs various methods of argumentation when presenting her features, often resorts to comparisons and biblical symbolism, and provides an original interpretation of the biblical references cited.There are numerous studies devoted to the figure of Mary in the texts of Polish sermons. However, the sermons of Szyrwid, an author who wrote in Lithuanian and Polish, have not been used in these analyses. The image of Mary as presented in his work proves that Szyrwid, while faithful to the basic principles of religiosity promoted by the Jesuits, was searching for his own ways of describing the religious phenomena, and managed to paint quite a vivid picture of biblical characters. A preliminary comparative analysis of the image of Mary preserved by Szyrwid in his postil with the one presented in Jakub Wujek’s “Postille Minor” has shown many common features pertaining to the Marian devotion in the form fostered by the Jesuits. These introductory comparisons trigger a need of further studies on Szyrwid’s work, in order to situate it within the Polish Marian piety, and to determine its contribution to the development of the devotion to the Virgin Mary.
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The word-formative range of żółty ‘yellow’is not distinctly developed in Norwid’s writing (it encompasses eight lexemes). Likewise, few forms of particular lexical items are used (a total of forty uses). However, the fact that they very rarely inform simply about the colour of somebody or something is of particular interest. As it turns out, the lexical items more frequently carry a clear axiological load: either (though rarely) contextually positive or (typically) more or less negative one. In order to express this negative evaluation Norwid seldom uses systematic word-formative measures (e.g. derivatives pożółkły ‘yellowed’, zżółknąć ‘to turn yellow’). Much more frequently, he uses various lexical, syntactic or textual means of expression. In many cases, only reading a broader context or being aware of the cultural facts that are not linguistically entrenched enables us to comprehend properly the negative evaluation of lexis denoting the colour. Norwid attributes the colour yellow on a regular basis to a variety of artefacts, clothes being the most numerous group. The other extensively explored thematic area is the plant world. Considerably less often dożółty and its derivatives refer to other thematic spheres, for instance “man” and “Universe: sky and celestial bodies”, and only in individual cases of us-age they refer to the spheres of “the animal world” and “inanimate nature”.
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The article explores the cycling vocabulary and the ways cycling was portrayed in Henryk Sienkiewicz’s letters. The preliminary research reveals that the cycling vocabulary, although not particularly foregrounded in Sienkiewicz’s work, appears both in autobiographical contexts and in his official correspondence (albeit in the latter it is quite rare). In some examples it is noticeable that the writer tends to promote sport, which he considers to play a crucial role both in the individual and social life.
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The paper presents a new reading of Barańczak’s poem “Chirurgiczna precyzja.” Instead of focusing on the widely recognized self-reflexive reading, the poem is interpreted as an illustration of the poet’s programme of language critique. In contrast to Author’s earlier poems addressing the language of propaganda of Socialist Poland, this poem is concerned with the USA military discourse. I argue that the titular phrase chirurgicznaprecyzja refers not to the Polish expression but to English surgical precision and two other English coinages: surgical strike and precision strike. My analysis employs Conceptual Integration Theory to show that Barańczak’s poem deconstructs English conceptual blends, for which the input spaces are the concepts of ‘war’ and ‘surgery,’ and offers new conceptual blends stemming from corresponding input spaces in Polish.
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This article analyses some of the most significant aspects of the exploratory adventure around the physiology of consciousness which the Polish writer Stanisław Lem provides in his science-fiction novels and essays. It is argued that the onto-epistemological and ethical problems associated with the complex mind-brain relationship, the sophisticated medical intervention devices that involve neuronal communication, and the challenges that humankind faces in view of the physical and intellectual evolutionary advance largely determine Lem’s perspective, which is shown to lie between fantastic inventiveness and plausible foresight.
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The only surviving manuscript of a sermon pronounced by Stefan Jaworski in Kyiv on 8 September 1693 includes a “funeral note” commemorating Łazarz Baranowicz’s death. Jaworski’s sermon and funeral note, which in the extant witness follows the sermon, have neither been published nor studied before. By providing an analysis of both, the aim of this paper is to investigate and compare the works of the two preachers and poets, and to draw some conclusions about their personalities, poetic style, and worldview. Baranowicz’s poems and Jaworski’s sermon also provide some interesting details which shed new light on the literary and cultural milieu of Kyiv and Czernihów in the last three decades of the 17th century.
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Review of: Anna Jagiełło (a cura di), Avanguardia polacca. Arte e cultura in Polonia tra il 1914 e il 1952, traduzione di Marina Fabbri, Quodlibet, Macerata 2020, pp. 186.
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Review of: Audrey Kichelewski, Judith Lyon-Caen, Jean-Charles Szurek, Annette Wieviorka (dir.), Les Polonais et la Shoah. Une nouvelle école historique, CNRS Editions, Parigi 2019, pp. 319.
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The article reflects on the chosen aspects of the Czech reception of the so called Polish school of reportage. Using a few specific examples, it analyses which Polish reportage texts appear in Czech translation, how are they received and which picture of Polish reportage emerges from such reflection. For analysis purposes chosen were first and foremost these texts, which in some way present the genre characteristics of the Polish reportage or the cultural differences in its reception by Polish and Czech readers.
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The study aims to describe the ways of communicating, expressing and conceptualization feelings from the group of sadness in the 17th-century text by Anna Stanisławska Transakcyja albo opisanie całego życia jednej sieroty [Transakcyja or to describe the life of one orphan]. The work is unique in the context of the cultural and social standards of old Poland because it is the first such extensive attempt of secular women’s writing in Polish literature. The diary records the inner experiences of a woman deeply affected by a terrible fate. Ways used to nominate emotions from the group of sadness, the reconstruction of their conceptualization and the characteristics of the artistic means used to convey this feeling allowed for the formulation of several reflections on the author’s originality. They also allowed embedding the text in the literary tradition and show its kinship with the cognitive patterns of the Mediterranean cultural circle.
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The article’s content is a source study and critical edition of the short text Sukcesja prawowitych dziedziców Pomorza (Succession of Rightful Heirs of Pomerania) by Jan Dąbrówka, regarded earlier as two separate pieces (entitled Genealogia książąt pomorskich [Genealogy of Pomeranian Princes] and Poczet książąt i królów polskich [Gallery of Princes and Kings of Poland]). The article’s author describes the only manuscript of this text (in the codex 3002 III preserved in the National Library in Warsaw), the time of its compilation, its author, sources, ideological content, and the purpose of its writing. The appendix contains the critical edition of the Succession.
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The Polish Historical Monuments (Monumenta Poloniae Historica, MPH) is a six-volume publication (1864–1893, reprint 1960–1961) collecting narrative sources on the Polish Middle Ages and early modern times. To this day, it remains one of the fundamental methodology tools for Polish medievalists. After World War II, a re-edition of individual monuments began, which initiated the New Series of MPH (Nova Series). To this day, about 30 percent of the contents of the old MPH has been re-edited. The further fate of the series is the subject of the author’s deliberations.
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In this paper Marek Kusiba explores how the author of “The Soccer War” was posthumously received by the Poles. He discusses how Kapuściński’s identity was deliberately defamed in Artur Domosławski’s “Kapuściński non-fiction”. A work that attempts to rob Kapuściński of his dignity as a reporter by decontextualizing his presence within the realms of Polish and world literary reportage. The author of this article cites an extensive list of the omitted details and names with whom Kapuściński cooperated, corresponded and befriended, without whose inclusion such a biography devolves into popular journalism catering to the unsophisticated reader.
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Artykuł porusza sprawę wizerunku kontaktów polsko-ukraińskich na podstawie informacji i komentarzy podanych przez J. Stempowskiego w swoich esejach zamieszczonych w tomie W dolinie Dniestru. Autor artykułu skupia się szczególnie na więzi pomiędzy pamięcią kulturową a historia aktualną, nawiązując do właściwych obszarowi kresowemu zagadnień postrzeganych na szerokim tle uwarunkowań geograficznych i historycznych.
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Contempt is an ambivalent value and its reference in the history of language is changing. Old texts often speak of relationships between God and man, while in more recent centuries contempt concerns nearly exclusively human affairs. This can be noticed in literary works by Adam Mickiewicz and novels by Henryk Sienkiewicz, where contempt is commonly present in the context of love affairs and social issues (e.g. careerism). The general contempt, referring to large human groups, is a novelty. This dimension of contempt, noticeable in works by Sienkiewicz, gains formidable dynamics in successive decades of language development. Association with the tragic history of the 20th century, called the “age of contempt” (within this very meaning), can be made, a certain “self-defence” of language and communication from such contempt can be noticed: a strong negative markedness attributed to it and development of notions and communication behaviours that oppose it.
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Review of: Alexander Fiut, Czesław Miłosz – un Gulliver al secolului al XX‐lea. Traducere şi note de Constantin Geambaşu, Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti, 2012, 268 p. ISBN 978‐606‐16‐0191‐2. (Dagmar Maria Anoca)
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The Morphine is a very interesting novel about the traps of identity quest as well as about the perils of misused national stereotypes. Written in an alert and modern style, sometimes even psychodelic and hallucinatory, the novel denotes a great attention for details. Its author, Szczepan Twardoch, unravels and pursues the complicated fate of Konstanty Willemann, the son of a German officer of aristocratic ancestry and of a Silesian woman who turned „Polish”, second lieutenant in the Polish army, banqueter, artist, and morphine addict. For those who know him, Konstanty has a concrete, palpable identity assigned to him by a certain role that he plays in society, but Willeman himself feels he is a man without a face. He doesn’t truly know who he really is, and his development throughout the novel at the outbreak of World War II is defined by his quest for his own identity.
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The aim of this article is to answer the question as to how to make a child reader interested in and focusing attention on reading. According to Jerzy Cieślikowski and many other researchers, children’s literature has its own rules, poetics of genres, and specific communications circuit: publishing houses, the market, the press, and criticism. Dorota Masłowska employed the form of a literary fairy tale to reach out to a young audience. Using the conventions of this genre, she described one of the most painful problems of modern times – excessive consumerism, in which modern man completely loses himself.
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In the 1920’s which coincided with the period between the two World Wars outstanding women writers came to the fore with very successful works in Poland. This event is an important development in the cultural World of the country. Zofia Nalkowska is one of the distinguished writers who brought modern patterns to Polish literature in the interwar period. Nalkowska's novel titled "Granica" (The Boundary), which emerged between 1932-1935, the maturity period of his art, is about the social and individual corruptions in the collapsing country. The author placed the social formulas she created against the social crises that emerged as a result of the revolt of the economically and culturally oppressed classes on an anthropological basis. In the work, the effects of the problems arising from the social class difference on human life are examined. It reflected the unhealthy functioning of the traditional conservative world view of the aristocratic class, which represented the highest stratum in the feudal system of the period. Nałkowska tried to analyze the human character formed as a result of genetic and environmental factors by making use of the data of philosophy and psychology sciences through her works, and in this context, she focused on the conflicting feature of natural impulses with socio-cultural expectations and requirements
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