CZY TELIMENA, WINICJUSZ I KSIĄDZ KORDECKI GARDZILI TYM SAMYM I W TEN SAM SPOSÓB? AMBIWALENCJA AKSJOLOGICZNA I SEMANTYKA POGARDY W TWÓRCZOŚCI ADAMA MICKIEWICZA I HENRYKA SIENKIEWICZA
DID TELIMENA, VINICIUS AND PRIEST KORDECKI CONTEMN THE SAME THING IN THE SAME WAY? AXIOLOGICAL AMBIVALENCE AND SEMANTICS OF CONTEMPT IN THE LITERARY WORKS BY ADAM MICKIEWICZ AND HENRYK SIENKIEWICZ

Summary/Abstract: Contempt is an ambivalent value and its reference in the history of language is changing. Old texts often speak of relationships between God and man, while in more recent centuries contempt concerns nearly exclusively human affairs. This can be noticed in literary works by Adam Mickiewicz and novels by Henryk Sienkiewicz, where contempt is commonly present in the context of love affairs and social issues (e.g. careerism). The general contempt, referring to large human groups, is a novelty. This dimension of contempt, noticeable in works by Sienkiewicz, gains formidable dynamics in successive decades of language development. Association with the tragic history of the 20th century, called the “age of contempt” (within this very meaning), can be made, a certain “self-defence” of language and communication from such contempt can be noticed: a strong negative markedness attributed to it and development of notions and communication behaviours that oppose it.

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