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The text attempts to reconstruct the beginning of the Bulgarian heroic epic. The author believes that the structure of the author‘s epic was invented by Hristo Botev and was later extended by Ivan Vazov. Vasil Levski‘s figure is met in both poets, but while Vazov writes the live of the Deacon like a saint, Botev carries out his literary canonization according to all ritual procedures and turns it into the Bulgarian Jesus.
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The year 1898 marked the first jubilee of Vasil Levski – 25 years since his hanging. The dynamics of political processes in liberated Bulgaria at the time present a rather interesting and particularly complex picture against the background of which this event unfolded. The stereotype of jubilee celebrations was yet to consolidate and this particular occasion – the anniversary since the death of the Apostle of freedom – makes visible the deep political contradictions inherited from previous historical realities. The manifestations of these contradictions can be seen in the press in 1898.
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The paper examines for the first time the initial reception of Vasil Levski’s image and significance in the British daily and weekly press in the period 1867 – 1908. Commencing with a curious case of the first appearance of his name in the British press, the paper focusses further on press contributions reporting on a series of Bulgarian state ceremonies and commemorative events that, on the one hand, function as rituals of state iconisation of the Bulgarian national hero Vasil Levski and, on the other hand, exploit his high status for political purposes. In its final part the paper presents the first critical voices in the British press against the political instrumentalisation of Vasil Levski’s image in Bulgaria.
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The essay attempts to juxtapose and analyze the divergent and often contradictory stories accompanying Vasil Kunchev’s path into and out of monasticism, his subsequent religiosity, and his Christian consciousness. It outlines the image of a man experiencing doubts and inner conflicts but preserving his faith. His letters and proclamations clearly reveal how the knowledge of Christianity he had received and his life of faith shaped his revolutionary philosophy.
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The present paper entitled “Exaltaions about Name: or, Two Contemporary Anthologies Dedicated to the Apostle and Beyond Them” comments the existence/non-existence of interest about the historical figure and life's work of Vasil Levski as a thematic field in Bulgarian poetry in the last few years. The observations, made on the basis of separate works of art, books and virtual sites, are a scientific attempt to outline the profile of current trends. These trends are combining aesthetic and socio-political attitudes towards the figure of the Bulgarian national hero.
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The academic discipline of the history of religions is intrinsically interdisciplinary, and perhaps in a position to contribute particularly useful insights to the dialogue across academic boundaries. This essay is intended to present a very thin slice of cultural responses to our contemporary condition, and to suggest a few possible resources for analysis of them.
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for more detailed information regarding the content of this issue please download the Table of Content, which you find in the "Contents"-Tab as "Information"
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for more detailed information regarding the content of this issue please download the Table of Content, which you find in the "Contents"-Tab as "Information"
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Nina Gernet and Grigori Jagdfeld: Katja and the Crocodile // Wadim Koshevnikow: May I introduce - Baluev! // Alexander Twardowski: Siberia's Lights // ON THE 50TH DAY OF LEW TOLSTOI'S DEATH: Tamara Motylowa: The Path of a Great Writer's Life // Lidia Opulskaja: A Monumental Edition // Alexander Swobodin: People, Time and Things // Michail Dolinski: In Yasnaya Polyana // Gennady FISH: Yuri Libedinski "Morning Hour of the Soviets" // Soya Udonowa: Marietta Shaginian "The Ulyanovs" // Yuri Gavrilov: "Writers' Conference of the Countries of Asia and Africa in Tashkent" // Appreciation of the people
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Vadim Koshewnikov: May I introduce - Baluev! // Vera Inber: Rasliw // Lasar Lasarjew: The writer and his century // Of books and of himself (conversation with Daniil Granin) // Semjon Tschertok: The stage studio "The Mimiker" // Heinrich Neuhaus: Van Cliburn // Irakli Andronikow: private collection // Boris Galin: Georgi Markow The salt of the earth // Juri Nagibin: Tatjana Glebowa Conversation at dawn // Galina Belaja: Ilja Ehrenburg "India. Japan. Greece"
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Georgi Markow: The salt of the earth // Nora Argunowa: Latunja // Lew Landau: Difficult Question // Moissej Markow: Reply // Yuri Olescha: Memories of him // Nikolai Gribatschow: About poetry // Lew Oserow: Sputniks of the heart // Yevgeny Vinokurow: The world of three dimensions // Nikolai Tichonow: All around Wisps of Fog // Where a snowstorm roars through the pines // Semyon Kirssanow: In the beginning // Sergei Smirnow: To the poet // Novella Matwejewa: Ode to the pepper // Yuri Bondarew: Mood, Subject and Language // Leonid Hinkulow: the great Ukrainian Poet and Revolutionary // Sergej Eisenstein: Stations // Vadim Olschewski: Russian Folk Art // Neja Sorkaya: On the Humanism of Soviet Film
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Georgi Markow: The Salt of the Earth (end) // Wanda Wasilewska: Fame / In the Railroad Car / The Shepherd // Anatoli Kuznetsov: Young Girls // POEMS: Mikhail Lukonin: The returnees / The Stalingrad Theater / Mother / To Kolja Otrada / Up the search for the tender person // LITERATURE AND REVIEWS: Jefim Dobin: On the way to “Lebensborn” // WRITERS AND ARTISTS HAVE THE WORD: Fantasticism and the Present (Interviews) // MEMOIRS: Sergej Eisenstein: Stations // TAKEN FROM LIFE: Ada Rybatschuk: We were in the Far North // ART: Vera Schitowa: A Stage full of youthful Spirit
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Wil Lipatow: Yellow Dead Nettle // POEMS: Arkady Kuleschow: Ears of Vorn / My Song / My Presidium / Everyone has a Grove // LITERATURE AND REVIEW: Vladimir Frolow: Theater of the Present, Theater of the Future // Mikhail Kuznetsov: Reflections on the Contemporary Novel // OUR CONTEMPORARY: Boris Polewoi: Man - Man's Friend // Tatjana Pereschiwko: Tomorrow is in our Hands // ART: Alexander Kamenski: Graphics and the Present // WHAT BRINGS US CLOSER TOGETHER: Evgenia Fradkina: New works about Arnold Zweig / / BOOKS AND MAGAZINES: Michail Dolinski: We introduce: The magazine "SNAMJA" // Vladimir Steshenski: "Hand in Hand"
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Oles Gontschar: Man and Weapons // Juri Nagibin: The Echo // POEMS: Alexej Surkow: Fire flickers in the oven // Konstantin Simonow: Wait for me // Mussá Dshalil: Don't believe it! // Sergej Orlow: In the world he is now // Pawel Antokolski: The son (from the poem of the same name) // OUR CONTEMPORARIES: Konstantin Lapin: What he wants to be // WRITERS AND ARTISTS HAVE THE WORD: Sergej Smirnov: In rank and file // LITERATURE AND REVIEW: Lev Kopelew: There is no Peace West of the Elbe // MEMORIAL DAYS: Nikolai Bogoslowski: Wissarion Belinski (on his 150th birthday) // Nikolai Shegalov: Pages, Come back to Life
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Alexander Kornejchuk: On the Dnepr // Gleb Gorew: On the Outskirts of the City // Pawel Chalow: To All who Hear Me // OUR CONTEMPORARIES: Arkady Litwak: Encounters on the paths of the Seven Year Plan // LITERATURE AND REVIEW: Alexander Kirillov: Towards new Achievments // Alexander Кaraganow: Creative Experiments // ART: Anna Walzewa: Studio of Enthusiasts // Grigori Kogan: Swjatoslaw Richter // Ludmilla Pogoshewa: An eventful day // EXCHANGE OF OPINION: Foreign connections of Soviet writers // WHAT BRINGS US CLOSER TOGETHER: Georgi Breitburd: Appeal to a Literature of Reason // IN THE WORLD OF SCIENCE
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Juhan Smuul: The Ice-Book // Sergej Antonow: Aljonka // POEMS Alexej Surkow: My contemporary / Jarosław Smeljakow: Propaganda // Leonid Martynow: A Person rose into the Universe // SPEAKING WRITERS: Boris Polewoi: When reading the new program // Alexander Prokofjew: The all-conquering Truth: // Leonid Sobolew: Towards the Future // Wladimir Solouchin: Local Poetry (interview) // Dagnija Sigmonte: The greatness of our days // Georgi Markow: Responsibility towards the epoch // OUR CONTEMPORIES: Lev Kokin: On the Meaning of Life // LITERATURE AND REVIEWS: Alexander Kriwizki: From the bottom of my heart // Alexander Makarow: Sergej Antonow // ART: Dmitri Shostakovich: For expressive, gorgeous, inspirational Music // Semjon Tschertok: The Seven Year Plan in Action // BOOKS AND MAGAZINES: Isaak Kramow: About Life and Struggle
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Emmanuil Kazakewitsch: The blue notebook // Shaken Shumakanow: Einzugfest // Abdullah Kachhar: The blind became seeing // Mkrtitsch Armen: Sun on the threshold // Beki Seitakow: From servant to master // POEMS // Mirso Turssun-Sade: Africa - my sister // Berdy Kerbabaev: When there is no breeze. / Not catching up // Viktor Keulkut: That is untrue // Suleiman Rustam: I love // OUR CONTEMPORARIES: Anatoli Agranowski: The Minibajews // ON THE CAIRO-MEETING // Sulfiya: Friends meeting again // Nikolai Tichonow: Old friends are meeting // Fatech Nijasi: The Path of Peace and Friendship // Garegin Sewunz: Unity // WRITERS SPEAKING: Valentin Katajew: Educated by the Revolution // MEMORIAL DAYS: Pawel Berkow: A builder of Russian culture // ART: Nureddin Gabibow : Soviet Azerbaijani painting // Anatoli Kantor: The topic of work in Soviet art // WHAT BRINGS US CLOSER: Grigori Bergelson: Light is growing in the East
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Youth across the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) are consistently an influential generational cohort that contributes to progressive and evolving visions of Kurdishness. Not only are they impacting the nature of Kurdish identity through their activism and shrewd use of social media, but they are also moving toward a more critical views of patriarchal nationalism (Kurdayetî) and challenging gender norms. In the past half century, the KRI has become the locus of Kurdish nationalism, which has acted as a means of entrenching patriarchal, clientelistic, and patrimonial attitudes in the name of the national and Kurdish struggle against the Iraqi state. More recently, this patriarchal nationalism has become increasingly fragmentary, promoting a sense of disconnect and apathy within society, since the political elite has reduced Kurdayeti to a tool used to loosely legitimize their diminishing claims to power. This approach by the political elites has failed to create a united and consistent shared sense of belonging in society for a largely adolescent and youth cohort. Kurdish leaders continue to use past glories, struggles, successes, and achievements to maintain power, even as their current policies no longer feasibly represent or entice the evolving interests of a substantially youthful population.
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The foundations of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) were laid in 1991 and what started as a form of de facto autonomy became official in 2005, being enshrined in the new Iraqi constitution. This brought major changes to how Kurdish people were socialized in the newly established Kurdish region. A new generation was born in this decisive period during the 1990s that has now grown up to be citizens of the Kurdistan Region and Iraq, with the cohort of people under the age of thirty constituting most of the country. The systematic changes of governance in Kurdistan and Iraq in 1991 and 2003 have led to a situation in which the members of this cohort were politically socialized much differently than their parents.
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