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Überlegungen zu M. Krležas Bezügen zur ungarischen Literatur

Author(s): István Fried / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2012

This paper is about the many-layered and continuous relations between Miroslav Krleža and Hungarian literature. Research has already discovered the role of Endre Ady’s poetry in the forming poetics of the Croatian author. This time we reflect upon the relationship between Krleža and another artist of modern Hungarian literature, Dezső Kosztolányi. Krleža visited Kosztolányi during the opening years of the First World War. The visit was recollected in some of his later diary remarks and in a character of the novel The Banquet in Blitva, whose name is Deziderije Kronberg. The paper reconstructs the details of this inspiring encounter.

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Угорські переклади в Україні

Author(s): Lesya Mushketik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

The works of Hungarian literature were systematically translated during the classical epoch and the later period of time in Ukraine; most of them were published in the second half of the 20th century. The choice of work to be translated was influenced to a great extent by political factors, the topic of the publication, and the popularity of the author or the work either in Hungary or in Ukraine. Considerable experience has been accumulated in the theory and practice of literary translation from Hungarian into Ukrainian, especially in the field of lexicography, lexicology, and others.

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Die Deutschen Lerche-Übersetzungen: Übersetzen im Kontext des Sprachwandels

Author(s): Ágnes Bezeczky / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2012

Kosztolányis Roman „Pacsirta“ (Lerche) und eine erste Übersetzung erschienen zu einer Zeit der Zweisprachigkeit und des raschen sprachlichen Wandels. Als die späteren Übersetzungen entstanden, war die Zahl der bilingualen Sprecher unbedeutend. Kann man einen Zusammenhang aufzeichnen, der die systematischen Unterschiede zwischen den Übersetzungen mit den sprachlichen Veränderungen verbindet? Die ausgewählten Beispiele zeigen, dass die erste Übersetzung wesentlich mehr Interferenz (im Sinne Weinreichs) zulässt, als die späteren Übersetzungen. Ob diese Interferenz durch eine ungarisch-beeinflusste Varietät des Deutschen lizenziert wurde, ist noch nicht eindeutig zu entscheiden.

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Portrait of the invisible. A mediological approach to Zsigmond Kemény’s Pál Gyulai

Author(s): Gergely Hodják / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

In terms of poetic composition, Zsigmond Kemény’s Pál Gyulai is probably the fanciest Hungarian romantic novel, although this is the first literary work the excellent Transylvanian writer published, in 1847. It could easily win international acclaim among specialists in Romanticism, if it had a translation into one of the widely spoken foreign languages. This essay attempts to interpret the novel from a primarily mediological point of view, focusing on a small number of scenes, and discussing some relations between certain images, poetic interpretation and ethical issues.

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Chico Buarque: Budapest (Déconseillé Pour les Hongrois)

Author(s): Ildikó Józan / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2012

La Hongrie, non plus que la scène culturelle et la langue hongroise, n’est un thème recherché par les auteurs de fiction contemporains hors de Hongrie. Mais le roman de l’auteur brésilien Chico Buarque, Budapest, traduit en presque vingt langues, installe ses personnages et son histoire dans le décor hongrois, et semble faire carrière un peu partout dans le monde sauf en Hongrie. Pourquoi le public hongrois ignore-t-il ou critique sévèrement cet ouvrage que d’autres critiques jugent parfois « poétique et sensuelle » ou dont on dit que ses « analyses critiques révèlent sophistication et complexité ». Le roman, qui est l’histoire de l’initiation du personnage principal, le ghostwriter brésilien, dans une langue et une culture étrangères représentées par la culture hongroise joue sur la fictionalisation des références culturelles. L’article étudie pourquoi ce processus de fictionalisation fait naufrage lorsque le roman entre dans un contexte où les références perdent leur effet d’étranger.

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Rhetorische und Literatursoziologische Besonderheiten Ungarischer Dedikationspraxis im 17. Jahrhundert

Author(s): Brigitta Pesti / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 1/2012

Die Studie hat den Gesamtkorpus der ungarischen Buchproduktion zwischen 1600 und 1655 zum Gegenstand, um die Gattung der Dedikation analysieren zu können. Anhand der 338 untersuchten Werke wird ein detailliertes Bild der paratextuellen Gattung in ihren rhetorischen, topos-historischen und dichtungstheoretischen Zusammenhängen gezeichnet, sowie das literarische Mäzenatentum der Frühen Neuzeit in Ungarn beschrieben. Neben der Analyse rhetorischer und literatursoziologischer Spezifika von einzelnen Dedikationen wird eine umfassende theoretische und historische Gattungsanalyse aufgestellt. Die Forschungsergebnisse werden mit Bezug auf bestehende Untersuchungen der englischen, deutschen und französischen Literatur in einen internationalen Kontext gestellt, so können die Besonderheiten der ungarischen paratextuellen Gattung und der Patronage festgestellt und analysiert werden.

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Classicism and neoclassicism in the poetry of Mihály Babits

Author(s): József Jankovics / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

Classicism or Modernity? It was not difficult to give an answer to this question for Mihály Babits, one of the most outstanding and, after a good while, most highly esteemed poets of 20th century Hungarian literature. He voted for both. Having a thorough knowledge of the Greek–Latin tradition, for him Modernity meant complete coexistence with it: “Such a respectful attitude to the past, such a loving preservation of the tradition, such conservatism is the greatest modernity. He only can be called modern who has experienced all, who carries in his mind the totality of the past, who is the pinnacle of his own times, because he unifies all ages in himself.” The stress always depended on the political situation. Neoclassicism or New Classicism was his reply to the new political and cultural phenomena of the 1920s–30s.

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Strange interferences: Modernism and conservatism vs. avant-garde, Hungary, 1910s

Author(s): C. György Kálmán / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

It is a highly peculiar phenomenon in Hungarian – and perhaps in East and Central European – literature of the early 20th century that Avant-Garde tendencies started to gain some (weak) position parallel with the first wave of Modernism, and when they received – understandably – a rather hostile reaction on the part of Conservative (nationalistic, traditional, anti-Western) literary circles, their reception on the part of the evolving Modernist literature was not much more friendly either. Strangely enough, besides some signals of solidarity and sympathy, the criticisms of Modernism turned against Avant-Garde were in harmony with those formulated by the Conservative circles. However, as the Latin saying goes, “duo cum faciunt idem, non est idem” (that is, when two do the same thing, it is not the same thing) – despite the apparent interference of Modernist and Conservative criticisms aimed against Avant-Garde tendencies, the position of the actors in question was radically different. In what follows, I give a short account of the Avant-Gardists’ debate with their Modernist contemporaries and an even shorter account of their debate with their Conservative adversaries.

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The literary canon of Ferenc Liszt

Author(s): Mihály Szegedy-Maszák / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

Perhaps best known as a peerless virtuoso in his day and a composer the significance of whose contributions to the Western tradition was only appreciated in the latter half of the 20th century, Ferenc Liszt was also among the most ambitious composers of the 19th century in his exposure to works of literature and his interest in the interactions of literature and music. The following article examines the interrelationships between his music and the works of literature he chose as inspirations and in some cases as texts to be put to music.

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Invitation à la Zrinyiade Préambule à une Traduction

Author(s): Jean-Louis Vallin / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2011

Faute d’une traduction intégrale, l’oeuvre majeure de Zrínyi, qui exalte les glorieux défenseurs de Szigetvár en 1566, reste méconnue des lecteurs français alors qu’elle mérite de figurer parmi les plus grands textes de la littérature baroque européenne. L’article, dans une première partie, expose les deux aspects de la Zrinyiade. Loin d’être seulement une composition digne de rivaliser avec l’Énéide et la Jérusalem délivrée, avec laquelle surtout s’impose le parallèle, la Zrinyiade est encore une oeuvre d’actualité, aux résonances personnelles, dans laquelle l’auteur, qui se définit plus comme guerrier que comme poète, annonce les thèmes qu’il développera dans ses écrits politiques et militaires ultérieurs consacrés à la menée de la guerre contre les Turcs. La seconde partie fixe les objectifs d’une traduction acceptable : fidélité au sens et au caractère du texte, dans un rythme d’alexandrin débarrassé de la contrainte de la rime. La structure propre de la langue hongroise, avec des exemples empruntés à la morphologie nominale et verbale, accroît la difficulté d’une traduction en français, qui n’en reste pas moins nécessaire.

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La Traduction Poétique: Questions Formalistes et Atmosphériques Face à L’Impératif de Fidélité Thématique Réflexions Sur L’Œuvre Théorique D’Ágnes Nemes Nagy et György Somlyó

Author(s): ANDRÁS DÉSFALVI-TÓTH / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2011

La principale idée organisatrice de cet article est la comparaison entre les traditions nationales qui définissent les cadres de la traduction poétique en Hongrie et en France. La traduction littéraire, en tant qu’interaction entre différentes cultures nationales, est examinée sous l’aspect de la « fidélité » formelle et thématique en suivant le fil des écrits théoriques de deux intellectuels-traducteurs hongrois du XXe siècle : Ágnes Nemes Nagy et György Somlyó. La traduction poétique implique la problématique de la réception littéraire au sens le plus large, mais aussi plus concret du mot. Il est également question dans cet article de ce qu’Ágnes Nemes Nagy appelle l’« écart dans la tonalité », c’est-à-dire le problème de l’intelligibilité des éléments significatifs dans les langues hongroise et française, ainsi que des visions concrète et abstraite qui s’y rattachent et qui caractérisent les deux langues à un degré différent. Les intellectuels hongrois se posent ces questions à propos de la réception en France d’un certain nombre d’auteurs hongrois, comme Attila József par exemple, mais aussi à l’occasion de la publication en Hongrie des traductions d’oeuvres poétiques françaises. À un niveau plus général, Ágnes Nemes Nagy et György Somlyó méditent sur les possibilités d’une réalisation parfaite et véritablement achevée de la traduction littéraire, ainsi que sur les conditions et les exigences qui définissent profondément l’entreprise du traducteur.

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« Dzsátá Est Enfin Rentré Chez Lui »: Le Roi Blanc de György Dragomán Traduit en Roumain et en Français

Author(s): Tivadar Palágyi / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2011

L’auteur de l’article se propose de comparer deux traductions, l’une française et l’autre roumaine, du roman hongrois intitulé Le Roi Blanc. En rendant le texte moins abrupt et plus ordonnée, la traduction française, sous la contrainte des règles de la syntaxe française, du style indirect et de la concordance des temps, enlève une partie de la fraîcheur et de la spontanéité de l’original. Le dégrossissement s’opère non seulement au niveau de la forme, mais aussi au niveau du contenu dont la sauvagerie est parfois mitigée dans la traduction française. La traduction roumaine, quant à elle, est dans une position beaucoup plus commode. Le contexte étant connu, les allusions sont parfois même mieux saisies par le lecteur roumain que par le lecteur hongrois non-transylvain. Quant à la spontanéité de la syntaxe, la langue roumaine n’est pas soumise à la concordance des temps et peut donc passer librement du discours direct à l’indirect en suivant de très près l’original. On peut donc dire qu’au prix d’un effort moindre, on est arrivé en roumain à un résultat plus proche de l’original.

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The status of the woman writer in Hungary

Author(s): Mihály Szegedy-Maszák / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

It might be tempting to conclude, giving the prominence of male writers in the Hungarian canon, that until the late 20th century the question of women writers was rarely raised, if it all, and the contributions of women writers were peripheral. This conclusion, however, would be unfounded. Women writers have been significant in the Hungarian literary tradition for several centuries, as notable examples clearly illustrate.

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Bridge to nowhere: Danilo Kiš’s “Muddy tale” and Europe’s shifting frontiers

Author(s): John K. Cox / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

This paper discusses Danilo Kiš’s relationship to Hungarian culture in general and Hungarian literature specifically. It also presents Kis’s views of the regional geography of Pannonia and analyzes the three complementary elements in Kis’s identity: the Serbian, the Jewish, and the Hungarian.

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Ein Beitrag zur Klärung der Frage: Wer war Gottfried von Rottenstein?

Author(s): Andrea Seidler / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2009

The article deals with clarifying the identity of Pressburger travel writer Gottfried von Rottenstein, who published several descriptions of his travels through Europe in the second half of the 18th century and gained great popularity. The historian Éva H. Balázs saw him as a descendant of the Pálffy family. From handwritten sources it has now been clarified that the person is an ennobled bourgeois from Bratislava.

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Autobiographical reading: A new approach to the genre in 20th century Hungarian literature

Author(s): István Dobos / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

This paper delineates critical approaches to the reading of autobiographical writings that make no presumptions concerning the identity of language and subject or the identity of narrating self and narrated self. It proposes readings that posit the act of narration as a creative gesture through which the narrated self is constructed through the figures of language rather than described as an essence that preceded narration.

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Новая страница в хронике русско-венгерского поэтического перевода - Переводы Иштвана Баки

Author(s): Mihály Péter / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2009

The publication of the poetic translations of the untimely deceased Hungarian poet István Baka opens a new page in the chronicle of Russian–Hungarian literary translation. The two volumes contain more than 630 translations from 30 poets, among them many (especially authors of “samizdat” and “tamizdat” literature) were not known until now to Hungarian readers not familiar with the Russian language. Baka’s selection of poets to be translated was determined by his intense affinity to the author based on the similarity of vital experience, poetic outlook on life, and artistic skill. Like the major poets of the “Silver Age” of Russian poetry, Baka had a special gift for transubstantiation, for creating a synthesis of his own individuality with those of several famous historical and artistic personalities and mythological figures. The paper displays some characteristic excerpts to illustrate the many-sided translatory art of Baka.

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Maurice Benyovszky and his “Madagascar Protocolle ” (1772–1776)

Author(s): Vilmos Voigt / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2007

The Hungarian Baron (then Count), Móric Benyovszky (1746–1786) was one of the best known European adventurers in the years before the French Revolution. As a young soldier he participated in a Polish uprising (1769) against the Russians, was captured by them and exiled to Kamchatka, from where he fled, and after a long journey at sea (via Formosa, Canton, Madagascar and Africa) he arrived in 1772 in Paris. There he proposed to the Court the colonization of Madagascar and organized his first expedition to the island (1774–1776), which turned out to be a complete failure. However, he insisted on making a second attempt, offering the island first to the French King, then to the English, and finally to rich American merchants in Baltimore. He was sailing to Madagascar again (1785–1786), but was soon killed by the French soldiers there. His Memoirs and other publications about him were quickly published in French and English, as were several books in German, Dutch, Swedish, Polish, Slovak, and Hungarian immortalizing him. In 2004 the Hungarian National Library published a manuscript Protocolle (originally an official report of exculpation to the French authorities about the first expedition). My paper describes this work, and adds some source critical remarks. Benyovszky was a typical figure of his time: hero and impostor, explorer and blind reporter of an extraordinary world. The interest in his person (not only in Hungary or Slovakia) has not flagged for over two centuries.

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Hungarian writers on the military mission of Austria-Hungary in the Balkans Viceroy Kállay and good soldier Tömörkény

Author(s): Péter Hajdu / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2007

The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy’s military missions on the Balkans can provide the only experience in Hungarian history that can be connected with a notion of colonization. The paper scrutinises some Hungarian writers’ responses to that experience. Kálmán Mikszáth as a journalist shows a shift in attitude; he strongly criticized the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but eventually he proudly advertised a colonizing discourse. The most important monument of the 40-year connection with Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Hungarian culture was János Asbóth’s monography in two volumes entitled Bosnia and Herzegovina. In that work the celebration of modernisation, westernisation, the development of economy and infrastructure does not imply racism and religious intolerance. The short stories by István Tömörkény that describe the military life in the sanjak Novi Bazar offer a careful analysis of the cultural and linguistic aspects of the experience of otherness in the multicultural Balkan environment.

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Issues of imagology in Croatian and Hungarian literature

Author(s): István Fried / Language(s): English Issue: 1(2)/2007

This paper discusses several prose epic works of modern Hungarian and Croatian literature which attempt to characterize each other through stereotypes formed about the other. Setting the characterizations of “the foreign” and of “the own” in prose epic works follows the demands of the national narrative in both literary traditions.

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