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Grecy a języki obce w starożytności

Author(s): Sylwester Dworacki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The article shows how some of Greek authors from different epochs arranged the problem of the language communication among the Greeks and the non-Greeks. This question emerged gradually, however it appeared perspicuously but in the Hellenistic period, and in time of the Roman Empire. If sometimes this problem was ignored the reason could be that from the time of Alexander the Great the Greek language was a primary one on large areas of the ancient world. Nevertheless, the non-Greeks unknowing the Greek language appeared in Greek literature up to the end of antiquity, and the poets and writers solved the issue of language communication in a more or less probable way. One of them was introducing a professional interpreter particularly in the royal palaces.

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Autobiografia amorfe

Author(s): Ag Apolloni / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 13/2018

“Report to Greco” by Nikos Kazantzakisis completely out of the genre criteria. It is not a novel, memoir, diary, essay, itinerary,or autobiography, but it is all of them.Between the prologue and the epilogue,the narrataire disappears, the story is constantly transformed, the author uses all available “materials” (diaries, letters,feelings, memory) to create fictional,intellectual, spiritual, metaphysical, historical and philosophical autobiography, changing the subject, discourse and form and turning the book into an amorphous autobiography and a key for the interpretation of his other works.

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Teatri tragjik

Author(s): Ag Apolloni / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 19/2020

This article interprets Aristotle’s notions of tragedy, considering each in relation to the function of catharsis, which plays a purifying role for the public. The article begins with an example from a hypothetical performance of Oedipus the King, and concludes with a hypothesis that overturns the concept of catharsis in antiquity, using in particular Aeschylus’s tragedy The Persians. Between the preliminary examples and the final hypothesis, the article also addresses problems of imitation, genre and composition. Conceived as a terminological reading of Aristotle’s Poetics, the article is a meta-criticism of Ancient Greek tragedy.

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AMOUR ET SACRIFICE DANS DEUX BALLADES POPULAIRES : « MAITRE MANOÏL ET LA JEUNE EPOUSE EMMUREE » (CHANSON BULGARE) ET « LE PONT SUR L’ARTA » (CHANSON GRECQUE)

Author(s): Samvel Khetchikian / Language(s): French Issue: 01/2023

This text constitutes an attempt at a comparative analysis of two different versions of the motif of walling that is very widespread in the folklore of the Balkan peoples: one of the versions is Bulgarianand the other is Greek. Along with the similarities between the chosen versions, as well as between these and the general scheme of the songs that contain this motif, the analysis notes a number of significant differences not only of a formal nature, such as the type of construction, the names of the characters, the number of masons, the way of receiving the message on the need to wall up a living human being so that the construction is solid, but above all differences related to the image of the woman and the way in which she experiences her sacrifice.

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KREW I KURZAWA W GRECKIEJ HISTORIOGRAFII KLASYCZNEJ, ALBO O ZMARGINALIZOWANYCH ELEMENTACH HOMEROWEGO OPISU POLA BITWY

Author(s): Lucyna Kostuch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2021

Contemporary historians believe that Greek historiography emerging on the eve of the classical period adopted numerous elements from the Homeric description of battle scenery. The aim of this paper is to analyze the earliest historical works while looking for the blood and dust, the two greatly important attributes of the Homeric world of warfare. However, it turns out that blood and dust, so intimately associated with the portrayal of the physical site of battle in Homer, did not become a permanent element in the historical accounts of military clashes in Greek historiography, even though it was an inevitable component of the military experience of historians and their readers.

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The Hidden Childness of a Nobel Prize-Winning Poet: George Seferis’s Limericks for Young Readers

Author(s): Dimitris Politis,Angela Yannicopoulou / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In addition to his outstanding poems for adults, George Seferis, the Nobel Prize-winning Greek poet, also wrote verses for children. The limericks he composed as gifts for children of his family were published in a volume entitled Poiḗmata me Zōgraphiés se Mikrá Paidiá [Poems with Drawings for Young Children] (1975), discussed in this paper. With these limericks, Seferis turned to the Anglo-Saxon poetic tradition of nonsense to oppose the ‘seriousness’ of adult life, while also coping with painful family memories and the dark atmosphere of World War II. He employed humour and playfulness as an antidote to harsh realities. Accompanied by surreal drawings, the playful verses became the playground where Seferis met his child readers as well as his childness.

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La vuelta al mito de Ulises en tres obras del teatro español del siglo XX

Author(s): Katarzyna Wojtysiak-Wawrzyniak / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 18/2023

The reception of the heritage of the Mediterranean Antiquity is one of research areas in theatre. The mythological tradition is the basic structure of creative imagination. This article reviews the presence of the Odyssey in the Spanish theatre of the 20th century. It examines the influence, use, and transformation of the Odyssey in three works: El retorno de Ulises (1946) by Gonzalo Torrente Bellester, La tejedora de sueños (1952) by Antonio Buero Vallejo, and ¿Por qué corres Ulises? (1975) by Antonio Gala. The play El retorno de Ulises recreates the classic Homeric motif to present the theme of the struggle of a human being with its own myth and show the process of self-demitification. Odysseus is confronted with his own legend. In La tejedora de sueños, Ulysses reveals the lack of inner heroism. In the play titled ¿Por qué corres Ulises? Gala presents the fall of the hero. The author chooses the world of myth to reflect a society far from spiritual values. The myth of Ulysses serves the Spanish playwrights as a source of inspiration to deal with the human nature and to reflect on the world.

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While Theseus Was Sailing Away… PSI XV 1468 (= fr. 37 APHex): a Few Thoughts

Author(s): Krystyna Bartol / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article presents a new proposal to supplement v. 12 of the anonymous hexametric piece containing, most likely, the lament of Ariadne abandoned by Theseus on Naxos. The suggestion offered here (οὐκ or, better, οὐδ’ αἰδ]ὼς ἐν ὀνείρωι instead of δήλ]ωσεν ὀνείρωι or ὡς ἐν ὀνείρωι developed by other scholars) allows us to guess that the piece may have expressed Ariadne’s contradictory feelings and her moral dilemma.

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Przedstawienia i symbolika roślin w poezji Pindara

Author(s): Magdalena Stuligrosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The paper discusses the imagery of plants in selected passages of Pindar’s victory odes and cult songs. It demonstrates how the Theban poet uses the symbolism of flower motifs and of the olive and laurel tree in an athletic and ritual context, conferring on them the relevant meanings.

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Mityczny potwór Kampe w „Fasti” Owidiusza

Author(s): Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The aim of this paper is to review testimonies devoted to the mythical monster called Campe (Gk. Κάμπη), named after the large sea-animal called κάμπη (originally ‘caterpillar, silkworm’). Campe was a large female monster acting as a guard in Tartarus. She was killed by Zeus (Ps.-Apollodorus, Bibl. I 2,1; Nonnos, D. XVIII 233–264). A different monster by the same name was destroyed and buried by the god Dionysus in the Libyan town of Zabirna (Diodorus, Bibl. III 72). The same mythical monster is also described in the third book of Ovid’s Fasti (lines 793–808). The Roman poet did not mention the Greek name of the mythical monster, but he concealed it as the acrostic CAMPH representing a Latin transcription of the Greek word Καμπη. Unfortunately, this acrostic is preserved in the corrupted form CQMPH in most preserved codices of Ovid’s poem. In the present paper the attempt is made to provide and explain the reasons for this corruption.

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Achilles’ Character as an Internal Critique of Warmongering Ideals in the Iliad

Author(s): Marina Marren / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In this paper, I show how Achilles’ faults work as a lens through which we more readily see the problematic nature of ideals that cast war – and especially an aggressive war of conquest – in a poeticized and desirable light. I argue that in Homer’s Iliad, idealized images of war, which promise super-human glory, in the end, serve to undo and waste human life. I do not mean to say that in this archetypal war epic we find an outright critique of war. However, I argue that the Iliad holds its poeticized images of war in tension with the gruesome, life-negating violence to which these idealized representations give way.

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Образ и негация: «протоапофатика» и проблема типологии негативности в «Теогонии» Гесиода

Author(s): Aleksey Bogomolov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2023

The purpose of this article is a historical and philosophical reconstruction of the problem of negativity in "Theogony". It is shown that negativity is not limited only to the doctrine of Chaos, since in the text of Hesiod there are other mythological images that are endowed with their apophatic characteristics. These include Erebus, Night, Tartarus, as well as "limits and beginnings". At the same time, Chaos certainly has a special status. Chaos generates other negative images – Night, Erebus. Consequently, the three mythological images are in genus-species relations, which means they are different types of negativity from each other. The "beginnings and limits", which also have their apophatic characteristics, are that which contains Chaos in itself. Consequently, Hesiod's myth contains not only an apophatic problematic, but there is an implicit difference in the understanding of negativity.

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Griechenlands Platz auf der europäischen mentalen Landkarte Die Romane von Amanda Michalopoulou

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Griechenlands Platz auf der europäischen mentalen Landkarte Die Romane von Amanda Michalopoulou

Author(s): Christian Voss / Language(s): German Issue: 06/2023

By presenting the literary oeuvre of Amanda Michalopoulou over the past thirty years, we focus on the Greek-German relations in her fiction and autofiction, and more precisely the Greek self-positioning in Europe since EU accession in 1981. Her more than twenty novels and short story collections describe the political history of Greece since the 1970s and tell us the biographies of her westernized and highly mobile generation that had to process the worsening of Greek-German and Greek-European relations with the financial crisis and austerity in the 2010s. Michalopoulou avoids anti-Western and occidentalist narratives that became dominant in Greek society during the crisis and prefers to choose an inner exile in her latest novels “Baroque” and “Her Metamorphosis” by retreating from real time and space and performing formalist or surrealist experiments. This way, Michalopoulou is producing “glocalized” literature addressing key topics of modernity such as identity, gender issues or fiction vs. reality – while keeping a recognizable Greek cultural grounding of her plots.

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Bruno Currie, Herodotus as Homeric Critic

Author(s): Melania Teodora Munteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: IX/2023

Review of: Bruno Currie, Herodotus as Homeric Critic, HISTOS Supplement 13, Oxford, HISTOS, 2021, 109 p., ISSN (Online): 2046-5963; (Print):2046-5955

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Imagini marine și maritime în Ekthesis-ul Diaconului Agapet

Author(s): Gabriela Radu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The paraenesis written by Deacon Agapetus, around 530 A.D., along with other specific works of Byzantine Literature, is part of a larger historical and cultural process. This sort of writing that belongs to advice literature, is liable to different ways of interpretation. The sea, a vital element in ancient Greek culture, generated a sea imagery. Classical images are transmitted in Byzantine culture, so it is not surprising that marine and maritime elements such as "sea", "storm", "rudder", "port", "ship", etc. are stylistically revalued in Byzantine didactic and ecclesiastical texts. In this paper, we propose an analysis of the marine and maritime images existing in the Ecthesis Deacon Agapetus, "the heir of a past that created literary models, to which he must adhere in the most loyal and ingenious way."

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Mad Narcissists — The Myth of Narcissus in American Psycho and Mythological Revisionism in the Manosphere

Author(s): Jaime Segura San Miguel / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2023

Identity, often conceptualized as a continuum of the ego, lies at the conflux of both individual and collective interpretations of reality. The constructions of reality and identity are, however, far from being a purely cognitive trait; both are constructed through interaction with others, to the point where faulty interactions can lead to a lack of individuation, and the echo chambers of the Manosphere can skew a subject’s interpretation of reality. The postmodern turn of cinema after the 1980s, acknowledging this relativism, presented deeply pathological characters in a more nuanced way, giving way to ambiguity. Bret Easton Ellis’s American Psycho’s Patrick Bateman is a pathological character who is described as having pathological traits but who has nonetheless been adopted by the Manosphere as an idealized role model. This article aims to comment on the mythical subversion of the myth of Narcissus in the narrative, the identity problem that Patrick Bateman suffers from, and to disentangle the processes whereby the Manosphere is misappropriating classical myths, mythologizing narrative characters to phenomenologically construct a different perception of reality, and how these problems are linked with an unrealized identity.

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Establishing the Singer’s Authority in the “Odyssey”

Author(s): Katarzyna Pietruczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 14 (17)/2024

In this paper, I discuss two passages of Book 8 of the "Odyssey" in which Demodocus the rhapsode performs songs on the Trojan war at the Phaeacian court in the presence of Odysseus, who is instantly featured in Demodocus’ songs as a character and who comments on these songs at the same time. Having scrutinized the narrative structure of these scenes, I argue that they have been designed in such a way so as to invest Odysseus, an in-story character, with control both over the intra-diegetic narratees at Alcinous’ court and the extra-diegetic Homeric narratees. By praising Demodocus’ song and establishing his authority as a singer inspired by the Muse, Odysseus in fact enhances his own authority prior to taking on the role of the narrator in Books 9–12, where he tells the story of his return from Troy.

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Autorytet i autorytetka?

Author(s): Helena Teleżyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14 (17)/2024

This paper traces the reception of two towering figures of Ancient Greek literature, namely Homer and Sappho. Although both are viewed as epitomes of poetic talent, the fact that Sappho is a woman makes her stand out in the literary tradition and as a female poet she is perceived as an extraordinary phenomenon. The analysis of the reception of Sappho in antiquity, especially in Hellenistic and early Imperial epigrams in which her gender is often underlined, aims to show that while both Homer and Sappho are authority figures for subsequent generations of poets, they are not regarded in the same way. At the same time, Sappho’s unique position as a woman in the literary world results in a double effect: on the one hand, she is confined to the realm of poetry written by women, which almost amounts to a distinct category of literature, but on the other hand, the position makes it possible for her to become the fundamental literary figure and inspiration that she has been for women writers, artists, and activists for centuries, and even millennia, afterwards.

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Po Olimpo padange: trys dieviškų kraštovaizdžių tipai Homeriniuose himnuose

Author(s): Vaiva Vasiliauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3/2023

The paper discusses the landscapes of Apollo, Hermes, Pan, and Demeter in the Homeric hymns, analysing how particular landscape representations articulate the gods’ functions and identities, their relationship to humanity and the structure of the Olympic cosmos. It is argued that an in-depth examination of the representation of landscape in Ancient literature reveals patterns of representation that contribute to a deeper understanding of the religious worldview of the ancient Greeks.

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Древнегреческие представления о пеласгах в архаическую и классическую эпохи

Author(s): O.A. Surin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4-5/2023

This article uses ancient Greek epic poetry, tragedy, and lyrics to describe how the Greeks treated the Pelasgians in the Archaic and Classical periods and provides a glimpse into the role assigned to them by the Hellenic authors. The evolution of the ancient Greeks’ ideas about the Pelasgians in the Archaic and Classical periods is traced. The place of the ethnonym of the Pelasgians in ancient Greek culture is outlined. The references to the Pelasgians in epic literature are examined. The image of the Pelasgians in tragedy and lyrics is reconstructed. The method of comparative analysis was employed: a thorough review of epic poetry, tragedy, and lyrics allowed for a comparison of the specifics of how the Pelasgians were portrayed. Hypotheses are proposed for the differences in the portrayal of the Pelasgians. Homer’s influence on subsequent works is not evident. The study’s findings provide new perspectives on historiography and resolve the longstanding disputes surrounding the study of the Pelasgians.

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