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LIETUVIS PARYŽIUJE: TARP MANIJOS IR FILIJOS

Author(s): Vytautas Bikulčius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2015

The paper deals with the situation of a Lithuanian in Paris, in other words, the image of the capital of France presented in the travel books “Letters from Paris” (1937) of Antanas Vienuolis, “The Fair of Illusions” (1983) of Laimonas Tapinas, “Letters from Paris” (2007) of Rimantas Vanagas and “The Paris Diary” (2013) of Jaroslavas Melnikas.The paper draws on the methodology of imagology, according to which mania is identified when the writer perceives foreign reality as superior to national culture. Phobia, contrary to mania, is identified when national culture is valued more than foreign reality. Philia is identified when the writer perceives foreign and national culture identically. Idiocracy is identified when the writer presents his own attitude towards foreign reality.Despite changes in the historical context, the image of Paris remains mainly attractive and may be identified as philia. Some evidences of philia may be found in the books of A. Vienuolis, L. Tapinas, R. Vanagas, J. Melnikas although the time span between the publication of the first and the last book is about 80 years. No matter that the historical context is very different (e.g., the book of A. Vienuolis was published before World War II) it is not the main factor that would determine the priority of one culture over another.Several but not many evidences of mania or phobia may also be detected and it shows that the impressions of the authors are not onetime or hasty. The evidences of mania or phobia may be found in the books of A. Vienuolis, R. Vanagas, J. Melnikas. Still different cultural experiences, different potential of France as one of the main countries in the world undoubtedly contribute to the arousal of the above attitude.

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LA GRANDE GUERRE DANS LE ROMAN FRANÇAIS CONTEMPORAIN

Author(s): Thierry Laurent / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2017

After almost disappearing into French prose fiction after 1945, the First World War became once again an important source of inspiration for novelists since the 1980s. Proximity to the commemoration of the centenary of this tragic conflict reinforced this trend. The historical re-enactment or the mere evocation of the period 1914-1918 is an opportunity to engage in psychological analysis as well as a critical reflection on the collective behavior of civilians and soldiers of that period. Our study is particularly interested in four novels which, each in their own way, insist on the horror and absurdity of war : Cris by Laurent Gaudé (2001), Les Âmesgrises by Philippe Claudel (2003), 14 by Jean Echenoz (2012) and Au revoir là-haut by Pierre Lemaitre (2013).

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L’Histoire et l’identité selon Leïla Sebbar

Author(s): Małgorzata Kamecka / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2019

Leila Sebbar, since the beginning of her literary work, has been describing her identity experience connected with her mixed family origins: the writer’s father was Algerian and her mother French. This prevailing thread in her texts demonstrates the weight of the (re)construction of identity, frequently incoherent and delicate, in order to confirm her ethnic and cultural affinity. The author of this article is interested in problems, so close to the writer, of identity and history. The point of departure of the reflection on Sebbar’s attitude towards mother tongues of her parents is the analysis of her autobiographical novel “Je ne parle pas la langue de mon père” (2003). “We are not born with one identity, an identity is always gained, built”, maintains Sebbar and through this statement she confirms the role of the cultural baggage in the broad sense of the word, in the life of an individual coming from a culturally diversified environment. The questions of the ignorance of the Arabic language also lead the writer to define not only the picture of the individual family history but also common history, the history of the inhabitants of Algeria during the French colonization. The Seine Was Red: Paris, October 1961 (1999) is a story in which its author continues to exploit, tirelessly, the issue related to the history of its two countries: Algeria and France. For Leïla Sebbar, to return to the traumatic events of the massacre of dozens of Algerians in Paris on October 17, 1961 means to enter into incessant dialogue with the painful past. It seems that the writer’s will to confront the past is one of characteristic qualities of her works. In an original, far from stereotypical, way she tries to disclose errors and fights the oblivion and repression of uncomfortable events from history. The aim of the article is to analyze the non-stereotyped strategies that Sebbar uses to build his characters and to reflect on the modes of representations of History and identity.

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Flaubert et la caricature : l’exigence de la modernité

Author(s): Thierry Poyet / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2020

Caricatured at times by his contemporaries, Flaubert provokes extreme reactions. In his Correspondence, he dares to present a plethora of caricatures which suit his moods and his opinions, excelling in hyperbole and emphasis. A word of his own summed it up: « hénaurrrme ». Besides, his most memorable characters are caricatures: Emma – of love, Bouvard and Pécuchet – of stupidity, Félicité of Un cœur simple – of kindness. In Flaubert’s factory, the incarnation is intrinsically linked to deformation, itself degraded into a parody. Because the caricature in Flaubert is part of a nihilistic thought: the novelist participates in a general deconstruction of bourgeois society by an obviously political caricature even if the writer refrains from using the work as a platform, in the name of “autotelism” of art. Basically, it is Flaubert’s modernity that justifies his taste and the use of caricature.

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Paul Éluard: un épisode yougoslave

Author(s): Velimir Mladenović / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2020

The paper discusses the personal and political relations between the French surrealist poet Paul Éluard and Serbian writers and intellectuals, first of all Marko Ristić, a theorist and one of the founders of the Serbian surrealist movement. We will show the reception of Éluard’s works in the Serbian cultural space, his visit to Yugoslavia, then Éluard’s activities in Paris related to Yugoslav politics. One significant part of the article represents, until now, unpublished archival documents that testify to the friendship between Éluard and Ristić. We will try to explain how this friendship ended after the Cominform Resolution in 1948 and what consequences it had on Serbian and French culture.

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TRAUMATIC RELIVING IN CLASSIC FICTION PART II

Author(s): Rudolph Binion / Language(s): English Issue: 14 (19)/2008

This study explores six literary classics that turn on a mechanism well known to psychohistory whereby the victim of a traumatic experience may afterwards contrive unawares to relive it in thin disguise. In the earliest of the six, Euripides’ Ion, an unwed princess tearfully puts out her newborn son from a rape to die; he survives, their paths later cross, and she, recognizing him unconsciously, again tries to kill him, again unsuccessfully. In the second, the Francesca canto of Dante’s Divine Comedy, two adulterous lovers caught and murdered in the act are doomed to relive the fatal moment symbolically ever after. In the third, Racine’s Athaliah, a queen has her own progeny put to the knife because of the guilt of her husband’s blood line in her mother’s ghastly death; years later she revisits that trauma in a nightmare, with the result that this time she calls for a grandson who had survived in secret to turn that same knife on her. Next comes Edgar Allan Poe’s eerie Ulalume, with its poet narrator retracing in a trance the steps by which he bore his beloved to her tomb the year before. The fifth is Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick, about a demonic ship’s captain doggedly hunting down a white whale that once severed one of his legs and that this time finishes him off. Finally, Henrik Ibsen’s Rosmersholm centers around a widower who, haunted by his late wife’s suicide, grooms her successor to commit that same suicide. The close study of each work in turn concludes with a comparison of the various aspects of traumatic reliving as between these six characteristic uses of it in fiction and the real-life pattern.

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Didro – politički mislilac

Author(s): Milan N. Janjić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 23/2021

Denis Diderot (1713–1784) didn’t write a political treatise and he hardly systematically presented his political ideas, but these do exist in his work and they can be brought together. Researchers have tried to do that in their theoretical articles and studies, as well as in thematic editions of Diderot’s political writings collected in a single volume, of which we already have two such editions in the 20th century ‒ one edited by Vernière (1963) and the second by Versini (1995). Diderot expressed his political ideas in the articles“Political Authority” and “Natural Law”. In the first part of this article two opposing approaches are considered on the question of whether Diderot is a political thinker or not and what his achievements are; then we are going to analyse the political context of his tale the Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville (1772/1935). The Supplément is rich with his main political ideas,such as: the relationship between nature and man, the difference between natural and civil law, the origin of power and question of social reform.

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Przejście od klimatu przemocy do przemocy konkretnej. Kategoria rewolucji w filozofii Frantza Fanona

Author(s): Izabela Poręba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article shows the philosophical idea of revolution formulated by Frantz Fanon in relation to the process of decolonization in his work The Wretched of the Earth. The conception of “world divided into compartments” – in which the colonialized territory is seen as a bipartite, incoherent space of forced coexistence of the colonized and the colonizer – is being analysed in detail. Animalistic imagery depressing natives was used for a description of dependent lands and was a way to strengthen the difference and highlight the separateness (not only a cultural one, but also racial and even opposition of human and inhuman/animal). In his prorevolutionary stand Fanon suspended and relativized the evaluation of violence and liberating war. Next subjects of the analysis are violence and threats connected to the forms of resistance and the moment of transition between the first, gentle rebellion strategies to revolutionary movements leading to decolonization. In the last part of the article I outline the impact of Fanon’s philosophical conception of revolution.

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Świat nowego mitu: Siostra Jáchyma Topola

Author(s): Piotr Gierowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Sestra by Jáchym Topol is one of the most important Czech novels, which were published after the year 1989. It describes the new reality of the 1990s as a generational experience with the distinctive mythological features. The paper will be an attempt to describe the process of the mythologization of the fictional world and to indicate its distinguishing features and means of creation of myth-like universe. A special attention is directed to the questions of the intertextual links between Topol’s novel and a poem Zone by Guillaume Apollinaire and the problem of literary Cubism.

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The Accursed Economy of Literature

Author(s): Michał Sowiński / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (18)/2021

In this article, the author explains the connection between literaturę and economy on a philosophical level, especially in case of logic of exchange and concept of mimesis in novels. Basic tools for his arguments are derived from Georges Bataille’s concept of Accursed Economy (from the essay “The Accursed Share”). The French philosopher argues that in our everyday reality we use logic imposed on us by capitalism, which means that the value of everything is measured by its utility and, at the same time, values of all things can easily be accumulated. Because of that blind belief something important is omitted – surplus, a particle which does not fit into the global system of exchange. In the author’s opinion this phenomenon (and all its consequences) can be used to interpret the novel Bartleby, the Scrivener by Herman Melville, showing the main character’s activities (or their lack) in different contexts. This interpretation also proves the usefulness of applying some tools and terms from the language of economics into literary studies.

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Pourquoi Honoré de Balzac Entre Si Facilement Dans la Vie de L’Europe et Celle du Monde : 220 Ans Dès Son Anniversaire

Author(s): Ion Manoli / Language(s): French Issue: 1-2/2020

The cohort of the Balzacians is enormous and worth admiring. If only we tried to evoke here the names of all those who left us valuable judgments about Balzac and religion in his work, or about Balzac and social life, or about his vision of money (l'argent dans l'oeuvre de Balzac), then we would be privileged to have an iconic lexicographic source. The cohort of those, who continue to decode the “miracle” of Balzac, is renovating and growing year by year. It seems that no writer, in the last 400 years (except W. Shakespeare), has enjoyed so much scientific attention and curiosity. Balzac's creation, like the pyramids in Egypt, fascinates and compels us to conduct new philological investigations in order to decipher his greatness. It is a real fact, which can be explained quite objectively: Balzac is a universe, a planet, Himself, being considered a universe in the universe, a world, because he is the world. We are at the beginning of another age. 220 years from the birth of a genius have become history. But this story is alive, contemporary and always vibrating, because everything Balzac discovered in his monumental work La Comédie Humaine, remains undoubtedly important today.

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Intertextuality and Spatiotemporal Agency in Butor’s La Modification

Author(s): Erfan Fatehi / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2021

Michel Butor’s body of work has always defied the classic literary classification, which is the main reason why he is often, against his own accord, associated with the Nouveau Roman movement. His magnum opus, La Modification (1957) is the epitome of the time-space collateral where the linear time is deconstructed and is led towards being spatial. This paper intends to analyse the spatial and temporal semiotic world that the author creates by mean of intertexts and workings of time and memory, and therefore provides a better understanding of the work. Intertextuality is the main meaning making mechanism that Butor relies upon and the takeaway from this study, thus, can be summarized in a six-pronged model with regard to the references made to art and architecture in Paris and Rome throughout the novel. Time in the narrative of the work starts with the looming clock in the train station and slowly transforms from linear to a multi-layered form. Butor tamers with the concept of time, which only develops within the central character’s mind, throughout the novel with the technique of time-montage. Considering which, the eidetic image of time in the novel is investigated in this study and the eleven strata of time which the narration of the work is constructed on is enumerated.

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"Sensing – thinking with the Earth. An ecology beyond the Occident."

Author(s): Corentin Heusghem / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2021

This book review is about the French translation of a book by the anthropologist Arturo Escobar that, though it has not been translated into English yet, deserves to be known by English readers. This book is quite important since it allows one to understand occidental, capitalist and modern hegemony not only as an economic domination but above all as a cultural, epistemological and ontological colonisation. Indeed, according to Escobar, this domination takes its roots in the Occident’s ontology which translates into hegemonic practices that are concrete threats to the other worlds and their dwellers. Thus, Escobar highlights the deep link between ontologies and practices and argues for a new field of study he calls political ontology or ontological politics. To accompany the proposition of a shift from a universal nature to a pluriverse composed of many worlds, Escobar does not only undermine the prejudices of modernity but also puts forward the relational ontologies from indigenous communities of Latin America that concretely resist colonisation, underlining the ontological dimension of their struggles. Such a framework enables one to overcome or at least minimize the distinction between theory and practice.

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Маската като творба

Author(s): Francheska Zemyarska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The prose poetry book Fires (1936) by M. Yourcenar can be read through two prisms–through the prism of the theatre of life and through the prism of the scene of death. The last scene of “Patroclus, or, Destiny” gives a kind of negative to the idea of a masquerade ball: the unmasking of Penthesilea reveals another mask–the death mask. The notion of a death mask is introduced in the framework of Belting, Blanchot, Nancy to analyze the death of Penthesilea as her last gift to Achilles. I use the concept of death in “Patroclus, or, Destiny” as an autotextual introduction to Yourcenar’s great novel Memoirs of Hadrian.

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Poésie et utopie en France, au XIXe siècle

Author(s): Françoise Sylvos / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

This paper confronts versified positivist propaganda (Du Camp) with lyrical and visionary prose of Saint-Simon’s followers (Duveyrier). Taking as the point of departure Baudelaire’s judgment about the incompatibility between poetry and didacticism, this paper queries the status and aesthetic value of social poetry. The working class poetry (One hundred small miseries, Social work) is full of vitality of the popular style, replete with humorous energy and fantasy, whereas the socialist fable (Lachambeaudie) expresses a lot of empathy. Under the positivist prophets’ pen, the disciplines – religion, architecture, poetry, mathematics – are not separated but analogous and convertible. According to these thinkers, there is no difference between a poem, picture of the ideal city and utopia itself. Social innovation can only be told by the innovative form of the urban prose poem, and the Industrial Revolution calls for a revolution of poetic forms. The poeticity of these texts, inversely proportional to the realism and to the specialization of the lexicon used, stems from the art of suggestion and the rise of imagination renewed by technical, urban and scientific modernity.

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« Comme si nous étions à la contredanse » : chorégraphies utopiques chez Claire de Duras et George Sand

Author(s): Tessa Ashlin Nunn / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

During the first half of the 19th century, contradances, made up of displacements and interactions between all the dancers starting in different places, abolish the obligations imposed by a society divided into classes. In Édouard (1825), Claire de Duras compares the performance of contradances, during an ancien régime ball, to fleeing to England, where social ascension seems possible. George Sand, in Le Compagnon du Tour de France (1840), contrasts the possibility of romantic relationships across classes during contradances with the impossibility of these unions in everyday life. By establishing a non-place, these fictional dances create ephemeral moments during which equality and freedom reign; however, off the dance floor, social hierarchies remain rigid.

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Haiku Estetiği ve Oruç Aruoba’nın Haikuları Üzerine Yapısal Bir Deneme

Author(s): Nurcihan Akhan,Didem Ardalı Büyükarman / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 108/2021

Haiku is the shortest type of poetry known in the World. After leaving the borders of Japan, the first reflections appear especially in French poetry. Haiku, which has Japanese culture and beliefs in its background, is not a creed but has a life philosophy with its own. Haiku tries to put forward that philosophy of life in the simplest way. In Japanese culture and beliefs, nature takes the first place. Haiku carries the traces of a life identical to nature. Haiku poetry, which entered Turkish literature with French translations, is not a type of poetry adopted until recently, although its name is mentioned from time to time. But in 90’s, haiku has become popular in Turkish poetry. Also in that years, respectable amount of haiku readers begin to emerge in our country. In this article, the brief history of haiku as a genre is mentioned and main points in Turkish poetry were tried to be determined. Finally, the haikus written by Oruç Aruoba, who have made significant contributions to the recognition and meaning of haiku poetry, have been evaluated. Some of the haikus he wrote were selected and examined in terms of structure and essence, and it was tried to draw attention to the polysemy of haiku.

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USPOREDBA INAČICA NEKIH PERRAULTOVIH I GRIMMOVIH BAJKI

Author(s): Valentina Majdenić,Andrea Vučetić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2018

As a special genre in which there is no boundary between reality and imagination, and good always wins, the fairy tale has always attracted a wide circle of readers, regardless of their age. This is especially the case of the so-called creators of classical or artistic fairy tales such as Charles Perrault and the Grimm brothers. According to the Primary School Curriculum and the Elementary School Program (2006) in Croatia, the list of obligatory fairy tales for the first grade of primary school contains the selection of fairy tales by the Grimm brothers. The list for the second grade offers fairy tales by Charles Perrault. The aim of this paper is to compare the variants of five Perrault and Grimm fairy tales, namely Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Little Red Riding Hood, Thumbling and Puss in Boots. After a detailed comparison of the available editions of these fairy tales, their comparison will be based on the thematic-motive stratification, the characterization of the main characters and character-assistants, the presence of violence, the ending and other structural forms of the fairytale. In addition to the comparison of the fairytales by Perrault and Grimm brothers, there will be the diachronic changes in the different editions compared and analyzed accordingly.

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La Traduction Comme Récupération Du Passé. Le Cas Du Projet La Francophonie Roumaine. Restitutio

Author(s): Corina Dâmbean Bozedean / Language(s): French Issue: 17/2014

In a world where the dissemination of knowledge and of culture is done through the massive use of translation into English, the restitution of cultural specificity, attached to a certain language and to its imagination, has become a reverse movement, absolutely necessary. Because it is not a question of defending a language for itself, but for its identity features, at the same time individual and collective. In this perspective, bilingual editions are a happy meeting of two languages that build bridges between different cultures and access to a world heritage.

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Consideraţii asupra problemei autenticităţii și modei în literatura franceză a secolului al XX-lea

Author(s): Ecaterina Foghel / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

Literature, as a social activity, necessarily implies certain marks of a definite cultural, political and economic environment, reflecting the spirit of the epoch that engendered it. Resulting from the creative act of its author, the literary work inherits specific features of the style, ideology, knowledge and personal attitudes of the writer, thing that makes the work authentic, original and autotelic. At the same time, the artistic activity is inconceivable out of the society, so that the social institutions, mentalities and collective preferences influence the author’s choices in matters of vocabulary, syntax, spelling etc. Thus, it is legitimate to speak about a “fashion”phenomenon related to language and literature. This article offers a reflection on the confluence of the author's authentic voices and the language trends desideratum within literary works of the XXth century French Literature.

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