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Nova ričoslovnica ilirička ( 1812) by Šime Starčević is the first Croatian grammar written in the Croatian language. The author in this paper analyses the description of the neoštokavian stress, gender category, the category of definitness/indefinitness, collective nouns and language purism. The author concludes that Starčević 's work is a unique and unsurpassed contribution to Croatian linguistics.
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Hrvati kao narod u cjelini, uključujući domovinu i dijasporu, imaju dva službeno priznata književna jezika.
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O osobi i licu piše se i spori u nas već godinama, a meni je ovo treći puta u tri godine kako na Jezikvim stranicama pišem o toj temi.
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Od 10. do 12. svibnja 2001. u Metkoviću je održano Šesto državno natjecanje u poznavanju hrvatskoga jezika.
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Neuspjeli natječaj Ministarstva prosvjete i športa komentirali su 7. ožujka ove godine u svojim stalnim rubrikama D. Brozoviću Vijencu pod naslovom Školski pravopis ‒ pokušaji, a promašaji, i S. Babiću Fokusu s naslovom O propalome natječaju za školski pravopis.
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Review of: Tihomir Brajović, Pedagoška fikcija: Bildungs-naracija i srodni modusi u novijoj hrvatskoj književnosti. Zagreb: Meandarmedia. 2020. 489 str. Reviewed by: Boris Škvorc.
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Review of: Marina Protrka Štimec, Politike autorstva. Kanon, zajednica i pamćenje u novijoj hrvatskoj književnosti. Zagreb: Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada – Zavod za znanost o književnosti Filozofskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. 2019. 238 str. Reviewed by: Mirela Dakić.
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The subject of the paper is the analysis of a series of mother tongue textbooks (Croatian) for 4th grade of elementary school published by editor Školska knjiga. Relying on the quality of the teaching staff’s choice and considering the fact that the textbook is still the dominant didactic material in elementary school the expectation is that the supplied content is in accordance with the postulates of the National Education Curriculum. The reform strategy as a whole is based on the requirements and demands of (co)existence in a democratic society. The goal of this paper is to determine the degree to which the selected philological templates meet the demands of the basic concepts of education policies, regarding specifically the democratization of schools, which is the starting point of the National Education Curriculum of the Republic of Croatia. The fundamental question, therefore, is whether the selected linguistic and literary texts supply a sufficient basis for the development of a democratically conscientious student in the first years of education, keeping in mind the concept of democracy and democratism and the dangers of it being twisted into an autocracy, and consequentially forming the student’s value system accordingly. On the topic of forming a value system the author touches upon the intersections between tradition and democracy and their mutual influences on one another. In elementary school education mother tongue classes, in accordance with the cognitive and emotional capacities of the recipient (the student), the minimalized literary-theoretical interpretation is compensated for by focusing on the development of the student’s emotional, perceptual and moral capacities. The assumption is that a skilled teacher is able to develop fully the student’s democratic concept of thinking, especially given the right selection of literary examples that will allow for maximum engagement.
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Review of: Ivana Hebrang Grgić, Ana Barbarić: NI S KUĆOM NI BEZ KUĆE Nakladnička djelatnost Hrvata u Novome Zelandu, Naklada Ljevak, Zagreb, 2021., 302 str. Reviewed by: Rebeka Mesarić Žabčić.
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Autobiographies are characterized by “non-literary” elements, such as facts, previously given themes, social responsibility, verifiability, credibility. This paper examines the influence of the literary modernist poetics of the early 20th century on the autobiographies of writers whose the so-called “fictional” literary works, including autobiographical ones as well, speak of their inclination towards literary paradigms, commonly known as Literary Modernism. In the conclusion of the paper the author stresses the fact that writers in their autobiographies also show a touch of modernity in their desire to describe themselves in the cultural and political everyday life, even though the elements of Literary Modernism are more strongly present in the rest of their opus. Writing about oneself reflects the tendency towards and dedication of the authors of that period to contemporary European influences on Croatian literature fin de siècle.
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In his autobiographical, slightly fictionalized writing A Drunken November Night 1918 (Pijana novembarska noć 1918, written in 1942, first published in 1952), Miroslav Krleža seeks to reconstruct a sensational scandal to whose outbreak he had made a significant contribution: In November 1918, in the interregnum from the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy at the end of October to the founding of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes at the beginning of December, the young author considered himself compelled at a tea party held in Zagreb in honor of the Serbian officers to protest loudly against the speech of the former high Austrian-Hungarian officer Slavko Kvaternik. The public scandal in the immediate post-imperial era retrospectively confirmed Krleža’s conviction of the misery of the contemporary Croatian elite, a state whose reasons, in his opinion, lay not only in political opportunism and moral corruption, but also in an unreflective utopianism and an associated political naiveté. His hope that after the dissolution of the compromised k.u.k. regime the South Slavic peoples could advance to national, political and social emancipation is soon replaced by the sober insight that the large Habsburg Empire has been replaced by a small-scale post-imperial entity, likewise built on pronounced relations of dominance.
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According to many didactics it is necessary to enable language learners to participate in the project works that aim to develop general communication and intercultural skills. In this paper it will be shown how Danijel Dragojević's poetry, to be more precise poems included in his latest collection Somewhere, was used for that purpose. Danijel Dragojević is not only one the most important Croatian contemporary authors, but additional reason was the language of his poetry. Or, as Miljenko Jergović wrote: ‘‘The book Somewhere is literary masterpiece. Danijel Dragojević writes very simple, clear sentences. (...) There is nothing hermetic in his poems: there are no language bizarreness, hyper intellectualism, poetic noise and kalambur, weird and impossible pictures.” In this project attendants of levels B1 and B2 will be involved. These referent levels have recently been described in manuals Croatian B1 i Croatian B2. Attendant that mastered B1 is considered not only the basic, but also the independent language user who is able to experience readings and understanding poetry in the language that he is learning as a great award for his invested effort. Attendant at the level B2 is very competent language user who can find extra motivation in reading poetry of the target language for continuity in learning and progressing to the level of the experience language user.
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This paper interprets the appearance of neorealistic writing, poststructuralist literary theory and development of left oriented political thought in the magazine „Republika“ during 1990's, when it's editor was Velimir Visković. The chosen material and it's belonging context are interpreted through Lyotard's postmodernistic concept of metanarrative – narrative research models with simulative characteristics. The choise of this interpretative model proves how interpretation of literature through media criterium uncoveres political background of literary texts. Furthermore, paradigm of poetical and political development of „Republika“ through editorial unmasking of metanarative ideologems is profiled as political conflict between right and left political option, i.e. between publisher and editor of the same magazine. This conflict resulted with disintegration of the Croatian Writers' Association (DHK) as publisher and magazine concept of „Republika“ and formation of the Croatian Writers' Society (h, d, p) and it's new magazine variation „Književna republika“.
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The paper presents an analysis and interpretation of the main accents, tendencies and orientations of the reception of world literature in the central magazine of the Croatian National Revival, Danica (1835-49). The main postulates, characteristics and effects of this reception are analyzed, placing a particular focus on the Croatian National Rival political engagement, as well as on the Enlightenment and Romantic principles of the formation of the concept of world literature.
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The main presumption of this paper is that parody and travesty, which rest on strongly empasized intertextual relations, have always been realized within the literary mature and developed cultural environments. As far as the literature in the Croatian language is concerned, the only example of this kind of environment has been the Ragusan one. By drawing on the poems Avdijenca, Prskanja and Prodece of Antun Gleđević from the beginning of the 18th century and Marin Zlatarić's poem Pisaocu ružne Periegesi from the begenning of the s 19th century, it can be stated that parodical, travestied and burlesque procedures have often been skillfully combined predominantly in the function of the satirical attack on the real persons. Due to the modest aesthetic impression of the mentioned poems, it might be concluded that 18th century Ragusan literature has lacked important authors, works and genres. Consequently, it has not been able to produce parodies and travesties of the literary masterpieces which might be labelled aesthetically demanding.
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The author discusses recent Croatian variants of the myth of building by sacrifice, where a human being, usually a woman, preferably young mother, has to be buried alive in the walls of the building to prevent it from falling apart. Unless the builders agree to sacrifice one of their wives − the first to come in the morning with the meal for her husband, hence the most faithful and loving one − the building will never be accomplished. The motive is widely spread in Central and South Eastern Europe but is treated differently in each national folklore tradition.
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L‘article Milutin Cihlar Nehajev analyse la vie et l'œuvre de cet écrivain de la moderne croate à l'occasion du quatre-vingtième anniversaire depuis sa mort. M.C. Nehajev était une personne très instruite à son époque. Il a passé le doctorat en chimie. En plus il était un encyclopédiste. Il était actif dans tous les genres de la littérature; la poésie, l‘épique (la prose), le drame, la critique. Bien sûr, pas toutes ces activités étaient aussi réussites. Ses nouvelles qui ont eu un grand succès étaient (La grande ville, La mer verte, La Polonèse...) et le premier roman de la moderne croate La fuite. Avec le motif du déracinement de l‘intellectuel il s‘est integré dans la littérature européenne de son temps, mais en même il a aussi contribué à la profondeur de l'analyse psychologique des caractères désespérés à cause du malheur quotidien. En apparence contraire à sa facture historique, Les loups qui est un des meilleurs roman historique croate, a été écrit à peu près vingts ans plus tard. Il nous raconte sur la tragédie de ces espaces qui sont soumis aux intérêts étrangers dont le protagoniste est Krsto Frankopan. À la critique, qui est une branche typique de la littérature moderne, il a contribué avec son analyse de haute qualité des écrivains croates et européens.
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The paper discusses the various properties of the relative pronouns koji and što ga and examines the extent and conditions of their interchangeability.
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La fin du siècle XX-e appartient certainement au postmodernisme, ses effects étant évidents tant dans l`art, la culture, que dans la vie quotidienne. Aucun mouvement artistique ou littéraire n’a pas attiré un intérêt si grand et n’a pas provoqué des controverses si nombreuses dans la théorie littéraire comme la litterature postmoderne, des controverses qui continuent même aujourd’hui. Tous ces motifs font presque impossible chaque essais à le deffinir, de l’attitude de négation absolue jusqu’à l’adoration infinie, une action compliquée aussi par une bibliographie immense. Parmi les problèmes théoriques débattus par les études culturelles dans le cadre du postmodernisme, la théorie féministe et le féminisme, occupent un lieu particulier. Ce mouvement qui connaît plusieurs variantes aux Étas Unis et en Grande Bretagne et qui combat, généralement, l’asimétrie des relations entre les sexes, le feminisme n’a pas encore pénétré das les societés patriarcales (particulièrement dans celles de l’espace ex-yougoslave) où il y a pour le moment une théorie critique féministe. Dans ce contexte-là on remarque pourtant l’affirmation des écrivains femmes, des tendances d’introduire une nouvelle vision dans la littérature croate, à la fin du siècle XX-e et le debut du siècle XXI-e, par la prisme de l’expérience, de la sensibilité, de l’imagination et la perception du monde par des femmes. Il s’agit des écrivains comme Irena Vrkljan, Vesna Krmpotić et Dubravka Ugrešić qui cultivent des formes littéraires libres aux éléments ludiques d’improvisation, des combinaisons hybrides qui deviennent légitimes par la pratique des collages, des parodies et des pastiches intertextuelles. Dès le début Dubravka Ugrešić a été considérée commme une des plus originales voix de la littérature contemporaine des pays de l’Europe centrale et de l’Est. Sa plume rappelle au lecteur contemporain les vertus de la littérature, son oeuvre est un bijou de finesse et d’humour, un magnifique tribut à la republique des lettres, dont elle revendique la fière citoyenneté. Le livre qui a propulsé ce théoricien de l’avangardisme russe, Dubravka Ugrešić, parmi les écrivains postmodernes croates à la fin du siècle XX-e est le mini roman Štefica Cvek u raljama života/ Štefica Cvek dans la gueule de la vie, un model narratif postmoderne où l’auteur parodie les stéréotipies culturelles. La banalité est indestructible, pareille à une bouteille de plastique disait Danilo Kiš, la banalité et le kitch sont éternels et indestructibles, considère Dubravka Ugrešić. Grâce à la dimension humoristique de la parodie ludique, Dubravka Ugrešić réussit, entre le féminisme et le postmoderne, d’extraire de la trivialité, des histoires d’amour qui sont des archétypes, des contes de fées de la postmodernité.
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Sada manje mjesto, blizu Rijeke, na sjeveru Republike Hrvatske, na Jadranskom moru, smjestio se grad Senj. Nekada, velika luka, uskočka utvrda, sjedifte biskupa senjsko-modruških, sa samostanima kao rasadiftima kulture i pismenosti.
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