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One of the two key measures to encourage birth within the Law on Financial Support to the Family with Children is salary compensation during parental leave. The very nature of maternity leave as a financial measure (based on the previous version of the Law) additionally contributed to the birth postponement in the period of stable employment. Under the conditions of high unemployment of young women, this measure seems to have deepened the problem because women were waiting for permanent employment on the basis of which they could obtain the right to maternity leave, young women often postponed birth for many years, objectively reducing the chances of conception. The new version of the Law formulates the specific conditions for gaining the right to salary compensation in a different way, which will almost certainly result in a much greater coverage by this measure. On the other hand, the method of calculating the compensation base is such that the average amount of compensation in relation to the previous version of the Law could be lower, so it can be concluded that the legislator wanted to achieve as much coverage as possible with a relatively similar amount of budgetary allocations. These amendments to the Law could have a positive effect through increased coverage and greater impact through creating a pro-family climate in a country that supports the family. Secondly, population groups that work on temporary and occasional jobs, and especially young people engaged in short-term contracts (under six months), whose work arrangements are often interrupted, will now be covered. Thirdly, the formulated conditions in this manner will potentially allow faster acquisition of the right to compensation at a lower age. Fourth, gaining rights at a lower age will potentially influence the pace of fertility and indirectly to the birth quantum. Regardless of the fact that by adopting the latest version the Law is undoubtedly improved, there is still a huge space for its significant improvement. As it was pointed out that the parental leave can have more dimensions, and that the importance of its flexibility and use by both parents is equally important for the decision to give birth, and in particular for the decision on the number and time of higher order births, it would be of great demographic significance for the system of work-parenting convergement to harmonize with the postulates of modern population policy and take into account positive experience of countries with confirmed effect on fertility as soon as possible.
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The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork and is concerned with non-governmental organizations fighting against prostitution and sex-trafficking in one of Indian metropolises. The author claims that employees of these NGOs picture their beneficiaries as victims of patriarchal oppression in order to (re)create the distinction between themselves (members of the middle classes) and the beneficiaries (members of lower classes). She also analyses the perception of the Others outside of NGO environment. Furthermore, she postulates extension of Orientalism (Buchowski 2006), where the Other is not inscribed in the dichotomy of imaginative geography along the line of „East-West” (Said 1979), but is being (re)constructed based on class distinctions (Buchowski 2006).
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This article is concerned with alternative notions of temporality, specifically with alternative imaginings of the future that are important now more than ever. We try to deconstruct the politics of teleologically ordained linear temporalities which can function – if not questioned – as some sort of repetition without any real difference, through conceptualizing time ruptures and intervals, which would open up important ways of thinking about potentialities of the new. We attempt to think about time and the future through queer and Deleuzian feminist film theory, specifically the feminist film Born in Flames. We argue that cinema affects us, opens us up to thinking about potentialities of the new, futurity and new ways of connecting (new forms of communities), and therefore holds crucial transformative potential.
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Loubna Meliane has 38 years, she was in sixth position on the departmental list of the union of the left in regional elections in December 2015 and she is elected to her first term. This is following a path marked by her action in favor of women’s rights. The activist pupil has been the Vice-president of SOS Racisme and has campaigned since 2003 alongside the socialist Fadela Amara (the future Secretary of State Policy of the City of the second government of Francois Fillon) for a better France, for a more generous country and for the freedom of women. If Loubna Meliane is a French political activist, she is also a writer of Moroccan origin, born in France from Moroccan immigrant parents in Dijon in the 70. Between two cultures, the young Loubna feels soon differences separate the two worlds. Loubna Meliane is the Voice of resistance and engagement to group dimension, she is the representative of a generation explicitly mingled with politics, and she campaigned to advance.
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The 20th century was marked by the revolutionary IT industry, reaching billions of dollars in annual revenues. The following article hankers after approaching the IT developing sector from the perspective of women inequity in a man dominated industry. This research describes both the legal and illegal aspects of women implications in the IT industry during the 2000-2014’s, focusing on the United States, Eastern Europe and India as local coordinates. Combined, these regions count for the three largest IT outsourcing markets in the world. The analysed period of time refers to the worldwide boom of the “dotcoms” at the end of the 20th century until the current year. The authors aim to describe the evolution of employed women in the IT industry and the status of women who are victims of cyber bullying and terrorism or, on the contrary, the ones bullying. As a result, cyber bullying stands for a main concern nowadays, with women often being bullied over the Internet, or easily becoming victims of identity theft. Women also face an unequal position to men in the IT industry across the studied regions.
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The novel "Three Women in a Mirror" by E.E. Schmitt presents three side-by-side female destinies facing a challenge that will shape them from then on. Wishing to evolve as a subject if you are woman is not an externally encouraged endeavour in neither of the periods described in the novel. But, between the acute lack of opportunities and the unconditional freedom to affirm oneself as an individual, the protagonists will, sometimes, have to choose between multiple options and will surprise us with their decisions. The scientific undertaking of studying the issues posed by this novel entails resorting to the analytical and text interpretation method. The theoretical basis consists of Alain Touraine's essays on the emancipation of women, as well as the three female types described by Gilles Lipovetsky in the essay "The Third Woman". In my attempt to uncover the underlying ley lines beneath the three protagonists' life decisions, I have noticed that the fear of being on one's own is almost impossible to manage now, in the era of all possibilities, while during the previous eras, which clearly defined and restricted the role played by women in society, allowed for rather brave, saving options.
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In this article, I treated the various hypostases of the femininity and of the masculinity present in the novel A Woman for Apocalypse, by Vintila Horia. Blanca and Manuel form a revelation-couple of the primordial unity, found through a painful initiating "path" of self-knowledge and of knowledge of the other. Love is revealed in successive stages according to each gnoseological level achieved, on an inevitable vertical that unites the bacchanal of senses with the apollonian of transcendental beatitude. The feminine of the biblical term Apocalypse, as a revelation of the end of the world and the punishment of evil, is replaced by the Romanian writer with the neutral term of the Apocalypse, in which the intransigent and categorical masculin learns from a woman the values of a new ontology - hope, forgiveness and love.
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This article researches Europeanization of everyday life in Serbia on a micro level. It combines cultural representations approach from cognitive theory with an analysis of life stories from migration studies. Thus, the paper analyses the results of in-depth semistructured interviews with eight EU female citizens from Austria, Estonia, France, Finland, Great Britain, Greece, Germany, and Slovenia. They have chosen to live in Serbia, more precisely in Belgrade from the end of 1999. The aim of the paper is to point out different cultural values and the use of diverse cultural strategies which EU female citizens utilize in their everyday life in Serbia. In the light of the “brain drain” issue in Serbia, the reasons of interlocutors to live in Serbia may represent the subject of new cultural and migratory policies in Serbia. The most significant advantage of living in Serbia for the interlocutors is the high quality of life: the possibility to have free and unorganized time which allows them to socialize more than it would be possible in the EU. However, many see benefits in the EU-integration process of Serbia, such are introduction of regulations of the environment, higher quality of health, legislative and educational system, and more efficient fight against corruption. On the other hand, as possible disadvantages of the EU-integrations, they stress the exploitation of domestic market, the loss of freedom of decision-making or rise of corruption among domestic politicians.
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Desire knows no boundaries. However, when an author depicts an amorous scene that involves ungendered characters – those whose gender is not disclosed in the text – language creates boundaries around the desire. Desire is chained and shackled under the restriction of language in an effort to keep the gender hidden. In ungendered narrative, bodies express desire, but we never know to what gender the bodies belong. The reader is in constant search of clues to gender-segregate the bodies, but the author does not let the reader succeed. Moreover, the gendered nature of language comes to the fore, making hiding gender a daunting task for writers. The author manipulates the language to depict the lust of bodies, devoid of gender. The description of intimate moments in gendered narratives is pleasure-inducing for readers, but in ungendered narratives it becomes a thorny issue. The solution to this problem is to stop searching for clues to a character’s gender by looking beyond the binaries of gender. The lovemaking should be treated as an act that does not require the knowledge of what is between legs, but the genuine desire in the heart. This realisation makes the readers sense the same passionate experience felt by the bodies of the characters. The readers witness how love transcends the limitation of gender and achieves greater significance at the hands of writers of ungendered narratives.
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Kroz čitavo svoje djelo u kojem je religija sveprisutna, Freud se nije bavio islamom u svojim razmatranjima o monoteizmu. Samo se u svojoj posljednjoj knjizi Čovjek Mojsije, u jednom kratkom odlomku, odvažio da nešto ipak kaže o njemu da bi ga uklonio iz svog područja istraživanja. Međutim, teorija religije kod Freuda otvara, s one strane proučavanja uistinu religijskih fenomena, neka temeljna pitanja ljudskog društva, geneze zakona i kronične krize civilizacije.
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Seven hundred and seventy marriage couples in the city of Zagreb were included in the study of potential predictors of marriage satisfaction. Marriage satisfaction was defined as a global feeling of satisfaction in marriage (measured by 1-item 5-point scale), and only wife’s marital satisfaction was measured. Seventy seven potential predictors grouped in 5 blocks were entered into hierarchical and step-wise hierarchical regression. The blocks were: premarital partners’ characteristics, both partners’ perception of marital processes, objective and subjective economic status of the family, objective marital characteristics and out of- marriage influences. Five blocks of predictors explained 47% of dependent variable variance, with the block marriage processes contributing the most. The most important predictors of wife’s global marital satisfaction proved to be wife’s perception of sexual intimacy in marriage, love for husband, feeling of being loved by husband but also husband’s perception of sexual intimacy in marriage, and his less participating in raising children and strategic decision making.
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With the first cover page of Womаn today published in 1936, anonymous young workers from Soviet kolkhoz came to the public media scene of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. This is why not only the new “fashion” trend is promoted on the cover pages of domestic women’s magazines but above all the ideology and new aesthetic of the October Revolution. Womаn today, as an illustrated women’s magazine, published from 1936 to 1940 in Belgrade, ignores the local graphic design idiom and internationalizes own visual vocabulary by bringing to Yugoslav readers strong iconic messages from the Soviet Union, Spain, France, China and so on. Robert Capa (1913-1954) and Gerda Taro (1910-1937), were named among the most famous war’s photo-reporters who reported from Spain civil war. In search of a response to the question of the origins of the photographs of the Spanish war in the women’s magazine Womаn today, we have established that the editorial board of the Paris-based weekly Regrads, launched by the French Communist Party in Paris in 1932, co-operated with editors of Womаn today, actually, with young women members of Yugoslav Communist Party. The photographs and photomontages published on the front pages of Womаn today make it remarkable by publishing new models of avant-garde design and aesthetics of montage based on the ideology of social activism.
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Katarina Bogdanović (1885-1969) was a philosopher, educator, writer, literary critic, literary historian, and the first woman in Serbia who, along with Paulina Lebl-Albala, wrote a high school textbook. She is one of the most important women in the history of Kragujevac, as well as one of the most prominent intellectuals at a time when few women found the courage and strength for intellectual growth and social activism through public action and involvement in the movements that represented resistance to violence and discrimination against women. This paper is written from the perspective of women’s historiography, using primary and secondary historiographical methods. It analyzes Katarina Bogdanović’s life path, from a social outsider (from the perspective of gender and her belonging to the lower social class) to someone at the top of the professional pyramid (she was one of the two first women principals of secondary schools in Serbia). Katarina Bogdanović emphasized freedom of choice as the main parameter of success.
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Rape is one of the major issues where the contribution of feminist philosophical, social, and legal thought has been particularly prominent. In this paper, the author takes a critical look at the main tenets of the radical feminist view of rape: that rape is not a deviation, but rather a deeply entrenched social practice that both expresses and reinforces far-reaching inequality and oppresion of women in our society; that under these conditions a woman is not in a position to give valid consent to sex with a man and that, accordingly, the crime of rape should no longer be defined in terms of lack of consent; that we need a new definition of rape, which will help us recognize that rape is much more widespread than we tend to assume; that all men in our society are collectively responsible for the practice of rape. In order to assess these arguments, the author focuses on the contrast between the liberal and radical feminist views of consent to sex. He tries to show that the radical feminist view of rape is both much too crude and much too radical.
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This paper is about woman’s motive and about possibilities and types of their realization within Andrić’s novels, recognizing and explaining them on concrete examples. Realization of these motive, very common for Andrić, is happening in several different and complex variants, among which, common characteristics can be found. Motive of a woman is one of the most common for Andrić. It can be witnessed in titles of novels where woman characters can be found. For him woman represents obsessive subject that breaks down into several appearing variations. For him woman is a sort of fateful temptation. With this motive, it is most commonly linked to a body and beauty which he experiences as punishment and as greatest gift, at a same time, which faithfully determines the woman. In his vision, woman usually suffers, she is unhappy and lonely, quite and hidden, deprived of love and understanding of a man and usually ends with tragedy. She is mainly the victim and object. Even those women that are full of angry and spite, that take certain actions, getting out of expected template behavior and habits, whether they rebel or revenge, they rarely escape from such destiny and even less rare they find their happiness. Woman in Andrić’s novels is the main catalyst of all events, even when she is presented as presage and vision. She is present in all things, events and around them.
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This essay discusses feminist readings of the concept of silence; then it analyzes women’s silence in three Asian-(American) works. ‘Silence’ is discussed from different perspectives such as the context, which obliges women to silence themselves willingly, or situations where women are silenced, forcefully, by external factors, and it investigates how women seek to voice their oppression. The analysis will virtually open a new horizon as the essay shows whether attempts at vocalization are possibly rewarded, or punished. Not only does this essay cover works by males as well as females, but it also covers a number of genres such as the novella, the short story, and the novel. This essay discusses Junzo Shono’s The Dance (trans., 1992), a Japanese short story, Julie Shigekuni’s A Bridge Between Us (1995), a JapaneseAmerican novel, and Su Tong’s Raise The Red Lantern (trans., 1993), a Chinese novella.
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Ethnography often deals with identity, a double defined term - identity is always connected with Otherness. But this is not the problem only on the level of analysis, there is also a problem of writing, rewriting and representation of culture. Ethnographer must be conscious that he/she is a part of his/her own social epistemology in which used cultural terms have their history, tradition and above all axiomatic nature. Ethnology often reinforces this social epistemology through the way of writing about unfamiliar (geographical, social or historical) groups and their cultures. The author also found himself entangled in different social and ethnographical prejudice on the position of women in pre-WWII peasant society which was broken through his field work in Slavonian village of Orubica.
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The patriarchal system in society that values the role of men more than women’s has led to the discrimination and marginalization of many women throughout history. Croatian society, when compared to the more developed European countries, is slowly liberating pre-modern elements and partially retains traditional features. Family as the main organ of maintaining patriarchy is still high on the scale of the value in Croatian society. Therefore, the main aim of the research was to examine the position of women in a contemporary family on the example of the city of Split. The study involved eleven participants who are married or in a cohabitation, and the chosen research method is a semi-structured interview. Although the role of men and women over the time becomes more equal and redefinition of the role of a man in the family is noticed, behavioral changes are still slower than changes in attitudes. The results show that women are still primarily responsible for housekeeping and child care regardless of their participation in material income, which leads to their multiple distress. The frame of the participant’s value system is a mix of traditional and (post) modern values.
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The promotion of gender equality is an integral part of democratic change, successful economic development and stable world order. Conceptualization of the outcomes, achieved at the international and national levels, and of the existing barriers is of scientific and practical interest. Canada is one of the countries known for its developments in this area. The Liberal government headed by J. Trudeau vigorously implements the principles of gender equality in its the domestic and foreign policy. The article examines the following achievements of the Liberals: the formation of a gender-balanced Cabinet; gender-based analysis of budgets and of defence policy and the inclusion of a gender component in Canada’s foreign policy. Both domestic and foreign policy of Trudeau government expose creative approaches, innovative decisions and impressive findings. Canadian ideas and suggestions help to find solutions to some complicated and sensitive problems relating to gender equality Attention is also paid to the unsolved problems and difficulties. The bold initiatives and original solutions taken by Ottawa provide a basis for reflection, development of fresh approaches and, perhaps, for options to put these ideas into practice in other national contexts.
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