Наречието в „Словарь болгарскаго языка по памятникамъ народной словесности и произведенiямъ новѣйшей печати“ на Александър Дювернуа

Author(s): Angelina Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The article analyses the adverb in the first Bulgarian dictionary – „Slovary bolagrskogo yazika…“ (1885 – 1889) by the russian scientist Alexander Duvernois. For this purpose are used descriptive, comparative-historical and statistical methods. Article, focused on the adverb, is presented – key word, grammatical qualifier (notes), explanatory part and illustrations. Adverbs in the dictionary are classified according to their construction (simple, сompound, derivational) and origin (from adjectives, nouns, verbs, numerals). Different types of pronominal adverbs (interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative, summary and demonstrative) are reviewed.

Идеите на Пражкия функционален структурализъм в трудовете на проф. А. В. Бондарко и проф. И. Куцаров

Author(s): Stiliyan Stoychev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

One of the leading methodological linguistic trends of the past 20th century is undisputedly linguistic structuralism. The Prague school, also known as the Prague linguistic circle, is one of the first structuralist linguistic schools, being properly defined as functionalist in its essence. Representatives of the Prague school from its classic period (1926 – 1945) and their disciples in the late 20th century give their invaluable contribution to worldwide development of linguistics. The text examines those key concepts of Prague functional structuralism that substantially contributed to the formation and development of functional grammar as we know it in the works of A. V. Bondarko and I. Kutsarov. First, it is R. Jakobson’s concept of binarism, also known as the theory of markedness, that plays a key role in the development of modern linguistics, underlying the morphological concepts of A. V. Bondarko and I. Kutsarov that represent the relations between grammemes of morphological categories through morphological oppositions. Second, the Prague structuralists developed the functional approach to linguistic phenomena and the theory of centre and periphery in language. Both are uniquely elaborated in Bondarko’s functional theory of semantic fields underlying his theory of functional grammar. The latter was not only promoted but also successfully implemented by I. Kutsarov in Bulgaria. And last but not least, much like the Prague linguistic circle, A. V. Bondarko, I. Kutsarov and their disciples evaluate the theoretical significance of synchronic and contrastive studies. Functional grammar, which is to meet many more scientific challenges in the future, undisputedly applies to the study of a particular language as well as to contrastive studies.

Децата знаят и разбират повече, отколкото могат да кажат (интервю с проф. Мила Вълчанова)

Author(s): Maya Padeshka / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

Eзиковата култура на българина днес

Author(s): Mihail Videnov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

In recent decades, the resentment of the language, spoken by the Bulgarian politicians, is growing. The article suggests that the reason for this lays in the poor speech culture of the politicians. The official speeches are overrun with Turkish words, slang and forbidden words. In order to demonstrate their pseudo language proficiency, the speakers use English words and cite Latin sentences without any mastery, and this makes their speech even more inappropriate. The author defends the school language education by saying that adolescents spend with their teachers much less time than watching TV. However, the author reproaches those mother tongue teachers who turn the Bulgarian language classes into classes for teaching literature.The article criticises the publicly speaking people who perceive democracy as time when any violation of the regular language usage is allowed.

Eзиковата ситуация в България и обучението по български език

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The paper briefly presents the language situation in Bulgaria and the distribution of different languages ​​on the territory of the country. The ways in which children learn first and second language ​​are discussed, and the advantages of early age simultaneously learning of two languages ​​is advocated. Further, the paper presents the influence of the media and the Internet for Bulgarian language acquisition. Finally, the role of education for the absorption of the Bulgarian language is presented.

„Българският етимологичен речник“ в интернет – източник на всестранно знание за българския език

Author(s): Hristina Deykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The article presents the multi-volume Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary as one of the main academic works of the Institute for Bulgarian Language which can serve as a valuable practical aid in Bulgarian language teaching. In brief the character and the conception of the dictionary are clarified, and on specific examples the possibilities for wider use of the dictionary as a source of comprehensive knowledge of the Bulgarian language and the Bulgarian people are shown.

Думите, изреченията и текстът като езикови знакове

Author(s): Meri Lakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The aim of the article is to bring to mind the model of the communication of R. Jackobson and to examine if the basic linguistic units fit to this model. We consider that the basic linguistic units are the words, the sentences and the texts. After F. de Saussure we accept that the signs have two aspects: significant (name) and signifié (meaning). It is proved that the two aspects of the sign exists in the three types of linguistic units. It is proved also that the signifié contains not only a semantic information, but also it contains a structural information.

F2 Transition Measurement in Bulgarian Adults who Stutter and who do not Stutter

Author(s): Gergana Padarva-Ilieva,Dobrinka Geogrieva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

There is strong research evidence that F2 transitions may be used to differentiate the speech of persons who stutter from that of persons who do not stutter. However, what is known about F2 transitions in stuttering is based mostly on speakers of English. In this paper we present the first experiment on F2 transition in native Bulgarian speakers. Subjects included four Bulgarian adult males who stutter (mean age = 24 years) and four age-matched Bulgarian adult males who do not stutter. The software product Motor Speech Profile (MSP) as a part of the computerized speech laboratory (Kay Pentax) was used for the measurement of F2 transition. There was a notable difference in the magnitude of F2 variations, the rate of F2 variations and the regularity of F2 variations between participants who stutter and who do not stutter.

“Everyone Says I-Love-You” An Analysis of the Declaration of Love

Author(s): Rafał Nahirny / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Ludwig Wittgenstein’s and John L. Austin’s studies have offered a new concept of language. Should one, in the light of The Philosophical Investigations and How to Do Things With Words, limit himself or herself exclusively to investigating the manner in which feelings are spoken about, whilst remaining tacit as to the very nature of feelings? Can love be talked about using the language of analytic philosophy? The Author’s quest is one forgiving replies to those queries; to this particular end, declaration of love is made subject to detailed analysis from the standpoint of Wittgenstein’s concept of linguistic games and Austin’s speech act theory.

Езичеството през призмата на средновековния български книжовен език

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

The paper analyses that vocabulary of certain medieval Bulgarian written monuments which is related to mythological notions and religious believes of the pagan antiquity. It is part of a series of studies on specific lexical-semantic groups of words in the history of the Bulgarian language, both united and differentiated on the basis of their subject-logical links in relation to reality, which have been done with a view to collect material for the Thematic Dictionary of the Medieval Bulgarian Language. Analysis is based on language data of the earliest written monuments – of the 10th to 14th centuries – which are reflected in the Palaeoslavonic lexicographic editions. The following thematic units are studied: names of pagan religious buildings and facilities, terms of pagan religious practices, names of persons involved in pagan practices, sacred words and names of mythical characters. The study reveals the existence of a large and detailed thematic union covering numerous word items related to pagan culture.

„Роза Преображения“ – полилог Алексея Веселовского, Вячеслава Иванова и Ваана Терьяна

Author(s): Suren T. Zolyan / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

We consider peculiarities of poetic meaning creation in the processes of intertextualization and contextualization while analysing a unique case of a polylogue between an academic scholar (A.N. Veselovsky) and poets belonging to different languages ​​and cultures (Vyach. Ivanov, V. Teryan). Veselovsky’s article “From the poetics of a Rose” became a source for Ivanov’s poem “The Rose of Transfiguration”, then it became the basis for the sonnet of V. Teryan. We demonstrate that intertextuality is a complex and non-linear interaction between texts and meanings. The archetypal semantics of the rose and the motives of flame, blood, and also death and resurrection associated with it are contextualized in relation to the Christian holiday, personal myth-making, the tragic events of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire. The mythopoetic semantics of the symbol synthesizes various cultures and poetic traditions, creating opportunities for multidimensional semantization and partial translatability of different “texts-echoes”. Expressing new content in different contexts, semantics is based on the same symbols; this leads to a cascade-like actualization of their potential, especially when considering texts connected by intertextual relations in their integrity - as a kind of super-text.

A Lost Lady: A Narrative of Manifest Destiny and Neocolonialism

Author(s): Ammar Aqeeli / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The greatly examined story of A Lost Lady usually depicts Mrs. Forrester’s success in meeting and adapting to the challenges of a changing world, a world characterized by materialism and self-fulfilment. However, the overlooked story, one far more disturbing than the privileged story in the text, is the narrative of oppressed groups of people of other races and the lower class. Drawing on some aspects of postcolonial theory, this paper explores Willa Cather’s own reactions to real changes in her society, to the waning power of imperialism, and of her nostalgic longing for the western prairies of her youth, without showing any sympathy for the dispossessed Native Americans and other oppressed races. It will also disclose the unmistakable colonial overtones, which remarkably resonate with the common discourse of “Manifest Destiny” during the time period of American expansion to the Wild West.

Езиково табу и детабуизация на медийната реч (Номинации за обозначаване на половата принадлежност и на семейните и сексуални отношения)

Author(s): Andreana Eftimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The article draws attention to the linguistic aspects of the problem of speaking in the field of gender and sexual relations. My observations show numerous examples of euphemistic names for marital status, sexual relations and intimate body parts. The presence of euphemisms in the tabloid media and their active use there refute the perception in linguistics (and in particular in stylistics) that euphemisms are a feature of a single type of socially restricted speech (i.e. that they are part of official / high registers). My observations clearly show that in the media environment in Bulgaria there is a clear tendency for the active use of euphemisms within the informal speech register. This tendency is defined as brand new, formed at the end of the 20th century and actively manifested at the beginning the 21st century in journalistic style. Dysphemistic nominations are mostly jargon words and contradictory evaluations include nominations belonging to the group of international terms – impotent, vagina, penis. The transformation of medical terminology into dysphemisms and taboo names is due to the fact that the denoted concepts are strongly prohibited. This is further transmitted to the very terms denoting them.

Żydzi w Biblii, czyli uporczywy anachronizm

Author(s): Tomasz Paweł Krzeszowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że używanie polskiego wyrazu „Żyd” i jego derywatów w odniesieniu do przedstawicieli „narodu wybranego” uczestniczącego w wydarzeniach opisanych w Starym i Nowym Testamencie jest anachronizmem językowym, gdyż wyraz „Żyd” w tym właśnie kształcie graficznym i fonetycznym powstał dopiero w średniowieczu. Dlatego używanie tego wyrazu w kontekście wydarzeń biblijnych jest niestosowne. Ten klasyczny anachronizm językowy jest o tyle zdumiewający, że stosują go nie tylko sami współcześnie żyjący Żydzi, gdy posługują się językiem polskim, ale także inni polscy specjaliści w dziedzinie judaistyki i biblistyki. Artykuł zawiera kilka przykładów rażąco anachronicznych polskich tłumaczeń fragmentów Starego i Nowego Testamentu. Można zaryzykować twierdzenie, że omawiany anachronizm w dużej mierze przyczynia się do kształtowania postaw antysemickich, zwłaszcza wśród niektórych wyznawców chrześcijaństwa. // The aim of the paper is to provide evidence for the claim that the Polish word ‘Żyd’ and its derivatives as used with reference to the “chosen people” taking part in the events described in the Bible is a linguistic anachronism. The word in its present graphic and phonetic shape had not come into existence before Middle Ages. As an anachronism it is inappropriate in the context of biblical events. Yet, it occurs not only in the language of contemporary Jewish people but also as an accepted term in biblical and Judaic studies. The article contains a number of examples of anachronistic Polish versions of the Bible. One can venture the claim that the anachronism in question significantly contributes to maintaining anti-Semitic attitudes, especially among certain groups of contemporary Christians.

THE AESTHETICS OF SURPRISE IN THE NOVEL SUITE FRANÇAISE BY IRÈNE NÉMIROVSKY

Author(s): Adela Sava (Codreș) / Language(s): French Issue: 40/2025

Encryption manifests itself in narration through “pitfalls” which slow down or stop the narrative. As the fictional author is the source of the story, the encrypted work gives him the possibility of coexisting with trauma. We are going to mention some historical details which, in our opinion, can explain such a novel, mixture between the autobiographical and the historical. The details of places and events provide identifiable chronological markers in an expressly dated time and draw the time of fiction into the space of the gravitation of historical time.

THE DIARY OF A JOURNALIST WITHOUT A DIARY BETWEEN CONFESSION AND FICTION

Author(s): Maria-Andreea Rașoveanu (Pădurean) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

This article aims to highlight the issue of placing the text Journal of a Journalist Without a Journal in the category of fictional or nonfictional text. Without giving verdicts, it illustrates features of both species recognizable in Sîrbu's work and reveals the complexity of the documentary material that transgresses the options of classification through its intrinsic value. The writer proved to be a master of presenting the last decade of Romanian communism through highly suggestive episodes that belong to themes that converge towards the idea of individual pain and general suffering.

DISCOVERING VERBAL EXPRESSIONS: DEFINITION, TYPOLOGY, AND INTERPRETATION

Author(s): Ramona Florina Badea / Language(s): French Issue: 40/2025

The study of locutions is a particularly rich subject because of their idiomatic aspect and their great cultural significance. This research aims to define, classify and analyse verbal locutions. Our aim is to highlight the similarities and differences between Romanian and French, taking into account factors such as fixation, semantic opacity and variation. The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the cognitive and linguistic processes behind these locutions, and to illustrate their role in the dissemination of cultural representations.

THE EXPLANATORY TEXT

Author(s): Adina Cristiana Sucevan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

This study examines the explanatory text as a communicative and didactic tool, focusing on two scientific articles from Descoperă.ro that explore cosmic curiosities. The texts analyzed address complex scientific questions, such as “Why is space cold if the Sun is so hot?” and “What does outer space sound like?”. Through explanatory techniques such as definition, example, reformulation, and comparison, the authors ensure a clear and accessible transmission of scientific information. The study highlights how specialized vocabulary is clarified through simpler terms and how logical organization contributes to knowledge structuring. Furthermore, the analysis emphasizes the role of textual organizers with distinct functions (hierarchization of information, explanation, contrast, and conclusion) in facilitating comprehension. The study also explores how the texts balance an asymmetrical communicative relationship between the author, as a knowledge authority, and the reader, who is progressively introduced to complex scientific concepts. Ultimately, the research demonstrates that explanatory texts do not merely inform but also restructure the reader’s prior knowledge by transforming paradoxes into comprehensible phenomena.

PRAGMATICS IN FOOD ADVERTISING

Author(s): Andreea DINU / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

Pragmatics has a very important role in understanding how advertising texts communicate and persuade beyond explicit messages. This paper investigates the frequently used strategies in food advertisements to influence the consumer's behavior and fasten decision-making processes. Through a qualitative approach, the current paper analyzes a diverse corpus of digital media food advertising texts. Implicature, presupposition, deixis, speech acts, and relevance are identified and analyzed by highlighting how these strategies create emotional responses, reinforce cultural values, and establish common assumptions between advertisers and consumers.This research proves that implicature is generally used in suggesting benefits and qualities that are not directly stated; presuppositions deepen the assumption about the health advantages or the quality offered by a product without claiming it. Deictic expressions and speech acts create personal relevance and psychological closeness through commands and invitations. Relevance theory shows how advertisers optimize the communicative impact. The study contributes to pragmatics, advertising, and consumer behavior by explaining how pragmatic strategies operate as powerful tools.

The Enrichment of Culture by Teaching Foreign Languages

Author(s): Antonia Dinu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This paper focuses on the importance of understanding cultural and communication boundaries when teaching a foreign language. This topic is extremely relevant to the field of translation and interpretation as it provides us insight into the challenges that we encounter in trying to convey a message that has its cultural specificity. We aim to solve one of the most difficult aspects of rendering a message into a target language to someone who is learning it. We also wish to facilitate foreign language teaching by means of better understanding some cultural concepts on our part. We have investigated innovative methods, and we have conducted multiple surveys for us to gain more perspective on the matter. We have gathered key findings that we will make use of in our new approach to teaching foreign languages.