New ways to face and (im)politeness

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Dyskurs o bezpieczeństwie z perspektywy lingwosecuritologii

Author(s): Jadwiga Stawnicka / Language(s): Polish

In the following book, an attempt has been made to indicate practical application of linguistic knowledge in actions undertaken by law enforcement and aimed at public security and public order. The book puts forward a proposition to create a sub-field of linguistics under the term „linguisecuritology” – theory and practice of the langugae of security. A semantic field of linguisecuritology encompasses all terms related to vital characteristics of a crisis situation conceptualized by its every participant. It has been indicated how to conduct talks with the perpetrator of a crisis situation with use of the theory of speech acts, and how to optimalize the flow of information between all the public service forces involved in a threat situation. // The book consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction specifies the purpose of the book and the contents of the chapters. A conceptual framework of the term „linguisecuritology” has been proposed. In chapter one „W kręgu dyskursu kryzysowego. Konceptualizacja pojęć” (Within crisis discourse. Conceptualization of notions), the notions of discourse and crisis discourse have been discussed from the perspective of pragmatic linguistics, and the possiblilities of use of the psycholinguistic knowledge in crisis situations have been indicated. The subject of chapter two is the specificity of the crisis discourse with the perpetrator considering the theory of speech acts. Strategies of communicating with the perpetrator have been discussed, including issues of promising, witholding information and lying during negotiations. // This chapter also contains general remarks on the subject of the flow of information in crisis situations. Next, the flow of information during regional multi-level simulations in crisis management „Lotnisko 2011”(„Airport 2011”) has been characterized. In chapter three „Perspektywy badawcze lingwosecuritologii. Opis projektów badawczych” (Research perspectives of linguisecuritology. Description of research projects), a few linguisecuritological projects by the author have been discussed in the context of perspectives for development of this sub-field. The book is addressed for a broad circle of recipients including law enforcement, academic and research environment, students and lecturers involved in the fields of security, crisis situations, psychology and notably linguistics. The book is a continuation of my research and an attempt at applying linguistic knowledge for the optimalization of the flow of information in crisis situations.

O rečima

Author(s): Milka Ivić / Language(s): Serbian

Mil­ka Ivić je­ redov­ni član Srp­ske aka­de­mi­je na­u­ka i umet­no­sti, kao i ne­ko­li­ko ino­stra­nih aka­de­mi­ja. Njene stručne i naučne prokupacije mogu se razvrstati u nekoliko osnovnih oblasti: istorija lingvistike, opšta lingvistika, lingvistička teorija, sintaksa i semantika slovenskih jezika, savremena serbokroatistika. Naj­po­zna­ti­ja de­la Milke Ivić objavljena su u Biblioteci XX vek: Prav­ci u lin­gvi­sti­ci – 1963 (u devet iz­da­nja, i u pre­vo­di­ma na de­se­tak je­zi­ka sve­ta); Lin­gvi­stič­ki ogledi­ – 1983, 1995, 2008; O je­zi­ku Vu­ko­vom i vu­kov­skom – 1990; O ze­le­nom ko­nju. No­vi lin­gvi­stič­ki ogle­d – 1995; Lin­gvi­sič­ki ogle­di,tri – Be­o­grad, 2000; Red reči. Lingvistički ogledi četiri, 2002; O rečima. Lingvistički ogledi pet, 2005 i Je­zik o na­ma. Lin­gvi­stič­ki ogle­di, šest. 2006. Predrag Piper i Milorad Radovanović priredili su zbornik radova u čast Milke Ivić pod naslovom Lingvistika Milke Ivić (Biblioteka XX vek, 2008). Prvi deo knjige O rečima posvećen je kognitivnim i gramatičkim, a drugi kulturološkim aspektima srpske leksike.

The Multilingualism of the Old Believers Living in Poland

Author(s): Anna Zielińska / Language(s): English

This now classical monograph deals with the linguistic situation of Poland's multilingual Old-Believer communities in the 1990s. Analysing the influence - in terms of phonology, inflection, syntax and vocabulary - of the Russian language of both dialectal and standard variety (as well as, in part of the communities of standard German language) on the Polish language as spoken by the Old Believers, Anna Zielińska touches on issues of linguistic interference, language contact and multilingualism.

La imagen del gitano en la lexicografía española

Author(s): Ivo Buzek / Language(s): Spanish

The monograph deals with the history of treatment that receive lexical units of Gypsy origin in Spanish monolingual dictionaries, especially in the editions of the normative Spanish Royal Academy dictionary of the Spanish language. The issue is being studied from the quantitative as well as qualitative point of view, i.e. the evolution of definitions, lexicographical marcs and etymological notes. Special attention is paid to the evolution of their treatment in the microstructure. The results from Spanish Royal Academy dictionary are then compared with the treatment that receive these words in the dictionary of contemporary Spanish by Manuel Seco et al.

Konstrukcje i destrukcje tożsamości

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian,Polish

The volume brings together papers devoted to the constructions and destructions of identity that resulted from the changing of borders – both the old ones, long established and sometimes forgotten, and the new, recently drawn-up ones. Taking up this topic was inspired by fieldwork conducted by linguists, anthropologists and historians, who clearly indicate that formally long inexistent borders continue to live in the consciousness of the communities that neighbour them, and continue to find reflection in linguistic and cultural phenomena. Such formulation of the topic requires an interdisciplinary approach, which is why the volume features papers by scholars representing multiple disciplines.

Mowa nienawiści ze względu na przynależność etniczną i narodową w komunikacji internetowej

Author(s): Magdalena Jaszczyk-Grzyb / Language(s): Polish

The present monograph investigates online language production which includes hate speech (henceforth HS) motivated by the ethnic or national identity of its addressee (operationalised as ethnically and nationally motivated HS) in Polish and German Internet-based communication. The hate discourse examined in the monograph concerns four groups (Muslims, Roma, Ukrainians and Jews). To achieve this goal, a methodology combining the assumptions of critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics was developed. First a comparable corpus of ethnically and nationally motivated hate speech in Polish and German Internet communication was compiled, including public posts and comments posted on the social network Facebook. A total of 1185 posts was analysed, including several thousand comments posted from 2018–2019 and January 2020. In the course of a qualitative analysis, hateful discursive practices towards particular minority groups were identified and presented in a comparative view. This was followed by an analysis of frequency lists, keyword lists, collocations and concordanc

Konstruowanie wiedzy w pisemnych i asynchronicznych interakcjach online

Author(s): Joanna Górecka / Language(s): Polish

The topic discussed in the book concerns computer-assisted teaching and learning, which is an important area in contemporary foreign language teaching. The main object of consideration is the possibility of organizing virtual space group tasks in which learners undertake knowledge construction activities. My focus is on the activities of initiating and conducting online interaction which correspond to the genre properties of rational discussion in two contexts: a remote learning platform (interaction conducted within a student group) and online information websites (open and public communication). The study presented in the book had two main objectives. The first was to propose a model of online academic discussion that takes into account the specificity of the processes of constructing meaning online and the objectives of FL studies. The second aim was to identify the sources of difficulties involved in the implementation of online work and to propose additional tasks which may allow teachers and their students to negotiate their task representations and to adapt their activities to the generic requirements of the argumentative/academic discussion model. The conclusions confirm the validity of the diagnosis at the basis of the didactic intervention and support the teacher-researcher's construction of personal knowledge.

Jezik i grafija krajišničkih pisama

Author(s): Lejla Nakaš / Language(s): Bosnian

Aft er Bosnia had fallen under the Turkish rule, literary language of the Middle Ages disintegrated into Serbian Church-Slavic in orthodox, and štokavian vernacular in Catholic cultural circle. Traces of the medieval language are also infiltrated in the early expression of Bosniaks, written in national language, particularly in the corps of the letters which originate from border regions. Th is should mean that Bosniaks are its inheritors too.But, a lack of objective parameters in previous research of the mentioned letters, brought to extra-linguistic assessments and arbitrary judgments of the issue who were the scribes of those letters. Considering the crucial importance of the scribes in the final shaping of language expression, the question of the scribal authorship of Bosnian border region letters emerged as a problem that should be solved through firm criteria deriving from the very letters, their language particularity, graphic solutions and orthographic customs.Th e establishment of criteria which would refer to the letters themselves is even more indispensable since the researchers, who represented /defended the stand on Bosniak authorship, based their arguments mainly on assumptions deriving from motifs of folk epics as well as on last traces of the existence of bosanic literacy in the 20th century.In this research four criteria are isolated for determining authorship,which relate to the influence of the usage of Arebica on bosančica: diacritical dots on letters, existence of only one grapheme for /č/ and /c/, mixture of graphemes for /u/ and /o/ and euphonious consonant groups.

LEKSIKOLOGIJA I LEKSIKOGRAFIJA I

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Bulgarian,Russian,Slovenian,Serbian,Montenegrine

Međunarodni naučni skup “Leksikografski postupak u različitim tipovima referentnih djela” održan je u Sarajevu 27–28. maja 2022. godine. Organizator skupa bio je Centar za leksikologiju i leksikografiju Odjeljenja humanističkih nauka u saradnji s Federalnim ministarstvom obrazovanja i nauke, a domaćin Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Skup je otvorio akademik Muris Čičić, predsjednik ANUBiH-a. Zbog pandemije koronavirusa Organizacioni odbor odlučio se za hibridno odvijanje skupa: uživo i onlajn. U radu skupa sudjelovali su lingvisti iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Bugarske, Crne Gore, Poljske, Rusije, SAD-a, Slovenije i Srbije. Podneseni referati i plodna diskusija pokazali su savremeno stanje i dostignuća leksikološko-leksikografskih istraživanja u Bosni i Hercegovini, srednjojužnoslavenskom i drugim (južno)slavenskim jezicima i šire. U ovom zborniku objavljuju se radovi koje su autori blagovremeno dostavili Organizacionom odboru. Prilozi obrađuju različite teme u referentnim djelima i korpusima. Iz raznih uglova i koristeći različite metode propituju jezičku prošlost i sadašnjost, dijalekatsku i terminološku leksiku, savremene opisne i specijalne jednojezičke i dvojezičke rječnike te enciklopedije. Prilozi nisu grupirani tematski; nižu se abecednim redom prema prezimenima autora. U vrijeme održavanja skupa upriličeno je gostujuće predavanje prof. dr. Danka Šipke (Arizona, SAD) o temi “Geografija riječi”. Zbornik okončava tekstom tog predavanja. Zahvaljujemo autoricama i autorima priloga, recenzentici i recenzentu te svima koji su pomogli u organizaciji skupa i izdavanju zbornika. Nadamo se da će zbornik naći svoje čitaoce među lingvistima, etnolozima, antropolozima i u širem krugu zainteresiranih za leksikološko-leksikografske teme.

Interakce ve výuce anglického jazyka na vysoké škole pohledem konverzační analýzy

Author(s): František Tůma / Language(s): Czech

The present book deals with classroom interaction. It builds on 987 minutes of recordings of university seminars in English as a foreign language. Using conversation analysis, the book describes how the classroom members took turns, managed repair sequences, switched between English and Czech and how they conducted student presentations. The book closely investigates classroom interaction in English language teaching, but it also aims to contribute to the discussions about researching (not only classroom) interaction.

Konfrontační popis kultivované výslovnosti nizozemštiny a češtiny z pohledu českého mluvčího

Author(s): Marta Kostelecká / Language(s): Czech

The book describes the pronunciation of Dutch from the perspective of Czech speakers. It classifies Dutch as a Germanic language, explains its European varieties, and compares the sounds of Dutch and Czech. It serves as a guidebook for students of Dutch, in which they can learn how to pronounce individual sounds correctly, how not to confuse them with Czech sounds, and how to pronounce sounds in context. An important section is a treatise on the articulatory bases of both languages, which explains the use of speech organs and how they move, based on a comparison of vowel frequencies.

Деиксисът в наративния дискурс на помаците от Турция

Author(s): Hristo Kyuchukov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents research findings among the Pomak groups of Turkey. Research with Pomaks living in the surroundings of the town of Biga – not so far from the city of Chanakkale in Turkey, was focused on the use of the deixis in the narrative discourse. The Pomaks in the villages around Biga emigrated to Turkey from Bulgaria after the Russian-Turkish war in 1878. They are coming from the surrounding villages of the town of Chepelare. They speak a Slavic language which they call pomaski which has adapted many lexical borrowings from Turkish. The use of demonstrative pronouns in the narratives of the speakers are observed and their deictic functions are analyzed. Although the paper and study are very small, they still bring new information about the function of demonstrative pronouns in the communication among Pomaks when they use their community language. This is the first sociolinguistic study of Pomak language in Turkey.

Етнонимът ахряни в съвремието

Author(s): Davide Fanciullo / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The population of Bulgarian Rhodopes comprises of Christian and Muslim people. The particular situation in this area is the consequence of historical processes occurring particularly during the period of Ottoman rule in the territory of Bulgaria, which led to the Islamization of part of the population. There are several explanations regarding the origin of the names used to identify the Muslim population in the region. The most commonly used name appears to be Pomak. The ethnonym ahryane is also used, although it does not have a clear etymology. In Greek history, the name originates from the ancient people Agrianes or Agrianians, while Turkish scholars derive it from aren, meaning ‘man’ to indicate the masculinity of the Turks in the area. A third Turkish-Arab theory leads back to the word aharjan, meaning ‘annexed land or subdued later’ (Mitrinov 2011). In the Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary, the word ahryane is connected to the medieval name of the region of the Eastern Rhodopes Ahrid (Greek Αhridos). Previous research has explored the history and culture of the Muslim population in the region, but the origin of the name Agriani and its local significance today remains unclear. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap by investigating the origin of the name Agriani and its current cultural use for the population.

Българският език в емиграция или къде живеят диалектите

Author(s): Katya Issa / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents the dialects in the Bulgarian language continuum and the processes of stagnation occurring within them due to the linguistic urbanization of the population. Studies in contemporary sociolinguistics demonstrate the diminishing functions of territorial dialects under the pressure of public opinion, which imposes the imperative of diglossia. The processes are examined from the perspective of interference theory to explain the dependencies between language aging and the extent of interferences within it. The possibilities for contemporary empirical research on dialectal speech are limited for certain reasons – the passing of the oldest speakers, migration to urban areas, and emigration abroad of younger individuals. The author's aim is to propose opportunities for such research in the speech of Bulgarian immigrants in Sydney, Australia.

Анализ по метода на главните компоненти на връзки между езикови нагласи към 18 некодифицирани варианта на социолингвистични променливи

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the results of the application of the principal components method to language attitudes to 18 non-codified variants of sociolinguistic variables. This method is necessary to be able to obtain generalized language attitudes towards non-codified variants in spoken speech after perception. The extracted language attitudes are presented, which is the result of analyses using the method of principal components.

За възможностите на перцептуалната социолингвистика при проучването на билингвална езикова ситуация

Author(s): Vladislav Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The research explores and analyses data from a questionnaire survey among respondents residing in the town of Bregovo (Vidin region), aiming to predict the potential future development of the language situation in the investigated area. The findings show that through the methodology of perceptual sociolinguistics, current processes in bilingual communities can be adequately represented, considering the particularities in the formation of bilingual attitudes.

Stadtzeichen – Deutsche Sprache im öffentlichen Raum in Bosnien-Herzegowina

Author(s): Amela Ćurković,Almina Lisičić-Hedžić / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to analyze signs containing the German language present in public spaces in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is motivated by the fact that cultural and economic ties between Bosnia and Herzegovina and German-speaking countries have existed for many years. The corpus comprises signs in the broadest sense, serving various functions, including historic-cultural, informational (tourism), commercial and random, unintentional signs. Accordingly, city signs are defined as representational, multimodal, mostly multilingual, and context-bound texts that are present in public spaces and must be understood as signs and indicators of certain cultural and social characteristics. This includes inscriptions of various kinds, posters, stickers and information boards. The data collection area primarily covers the cities of Sarajevo and Zenica, but also other locations and streets throughout Bosnia and Herzegowina where relevant material could be found. Our guiding question is where and why such signs occur. Consequently, the aim of the paper is to identify the historically, economically and sociologically determined occurrence, distribution, and design of various texts with German-language elements in public spaces in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The goal of this qualitative analysis is to collect, systematically classify, and evaluate the material. For this purpose, four categories of city signs are identified. The ultimate result will reveal the causes and purposes behind the visualization of the German language in the public sphere of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Ehemalige deutsche Sprachinsel in der heutigen Sprachlandschaft am Beispiel von Schönwald in Schlesien

Author(s): Artur Tworek / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The aim of the following article is to show how traces of the former German language island are manifested within the modern linguistic landscape of Schönwald/Bojków, an Upper Silesian settlement, in the context of the dominant Polish language. This village, which functioned as a German language island until the end of the Second World War, is now a district of Gliwice in the Upper Silesian industrial region of southern Poland. Both potential historical remnants and contemporary manifestations are analyzed.

Von „unseren Schlesischen Alpen“ zur Euroregion – die Sudeten als Grenzgebirge einst und heute

Author(s): Jan Pacholski / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The Sudetes and their highest mountain range, the Giant Mountains (German: Riesengebirge, Czech: Krkonoše, Polish: Karkonosze), form a natural border between Bohemia and Silesia, and today serve as the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. This paper presents the history of this border, from the Middle Ages through the early modern period to the Enlightenment. During this time, the border was not a language boundary, but it still played an important dividing role. In recent times, it has become the Czech-Polish language border, yet it now seems to unite rather than divide. The conclusion is that the language border does not always divide more than a political one.