Между възприятието и словестната образност. За някои основания на визуалната реторика

Author(s): Nikolina Burneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is an early example of currently still ongoing debates on the principles of reflection, the conditional nature of the imaginary world and the relativism of cognitive psychology. This text posits certain narrative archetypes applicable to the discussion of image based thinking, transformations of ideas, objects and simulacra, as well as the open character of the verbal representation of these processes. Based on various visualizations of the plot from the time of the Renaissance to the present day, the paper illustrates the Allegory’s interpretative potential and poses certain questions to the modern world of multimedia products.

Георги Ингилизов и българската маринистика

Author(s): Margreta Grigorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The paper presents maritime writer Georgi Ingilizov’s (1955–2018) concepts, ideas and initiatives (editorial activity, filmography) related to the status of Bulgarian maritime fiction and its place in Bulgarian literature. The paper also traces the maritime writer’s creative path and addresses the main aspects of his maritime prose related to sailors’ values and problems. The text corresponds to an interview with the author, published in this issue.

Творецът и неговият модел

Author(s): Diyana Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The text analyses some particular features of the culture of the Antiquity and their projections into Western art, more specifically the ideas of love and happiness, of the artist/creator, of the roles of women in society and art. By tracing literary examples from the Antiquity, as well as literary historiography I will highlight the stable lines of representation which have also fed into the topos of West European imaginary – the image of the woman artist/creator (Sappho, Corinna), the myth of the male artist/creator and his model – “muse” (Kampaspa, Phryne, Lais, Aspasia, Cynthia, Fornarina), the myth of Pygmalion and Galatea.

Още нещо за културните стереотипи. Българинът през погледа на японците

Author(s): Magdalena Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The present article is a sequel to “Cultural Stereotypes. The Image of The Japanese” published in “Proglas”, Vol. 27, No 1, 2018. The aim of the research this time is to present the image of the Bulgarians through the eyes of the Japanese. To do this, we tackled the following tasks: 1) To outline the image of the Bulgarians reflected in Japanese media; 2) To present the image of the Bulgarians that Japanese students have prior to visitingVeliko Tarnovo University (VTU); 3) To find out how this image changes after the visit and after the direct contact between Bulgarian and Japanese students.The author comments on the cultural (national) stereotypes concerning Bulgarians with regard to their content,their assessment and the reasons for their formation.

Комуникация и благотворителност (за Евелина Христова, Комуникация на благотворителността…)

Author(s): Iliana Pavlova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Eesti keelest pikas perspektiivis - Keele- ja identiteedipoliitiline analüüs

Author(s): Martin Ehala / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 1-2/2019

The main trends over the last couple of decades indicate that language ecological conditions have changed radically in Estonia. After a long period of being a country of emigration, Estonia has become attractive to immigration again. Many are returnees, but the second largest group of immigrants comes from Russia and Ukraine. As Estonia needs immigration due to low birth rates and an ageing population, the new immigrants set a new challenge to Estonia’s ability to integrate its Russian-speaking minority, not to mention others from very different backgrounds. To cope with this challenge, the Estonian language and identity politics need first to reject the ultra-liberal ideology that celebrates diversity to the extent that no pressure to integrate with the host society is put on the immigrants. Second, to avoid further segregation of the Russian-speaking minority, the historically parallel Estonian and Russian language school systems need to be integrated into one with Estonian as the language of instruction, but with a wide support for Russian speaking students, including the use of Russian to teach their mother tongue, literature and cultural history. Further, Estonian identity politics should aim to promote the understanding that a person may successfully have two or even more linguistic identities without one necessarily replacing another. As to the internationalisation of higher education, Estonian universities need to find a working balance between using Estonian and English in teaching and research. As Estonia needs smart immigration, the best way to promote this is to provide international students with a working knowledge of the Estonian language and society by their graduation with a possibility to stay and work in Estonia.

Meie ja teie eesti kirjakeel

Author(s): Kristiina Ross / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 1-2/2019

Estonian national identity is nowadays based on standard literary Estonian. The article discusses which groups of people may have shared the knowledge and development of Estonian earlier in history and what the developers’ aims and options were in the 19th century, during the preliminary and early phases of national awakening. Early modern times was the period of the growth of ethnic and linguistic confrontations underpinning the emergence of natonal self-awareness. For several historico-political and socio-cultural reasons the task of developing written Estonian befell native German (and Swedish) pastors in the 16th–18th centuries. Their Estonian competence varied and their attitudes to the peasant language differed, but even for the most talented of them the language was foreign, not native. As a result, the 19th century witnessed a particularly sharp conflict between the artificial, German-like learned version of Estonian and the vernacular one. The connotations of the two usages can be inferred from a comparison of the linguistic behaviours of Otto Wilhelm Masing and Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald. Masing, who identified with German pastorship, emphasised the distance and alienness of his readers by using a particularly vernacular and idiomatic Estonian, whereas Kreutzwald, who was one of the first intellectuals to identify himself as an Estonian, used a heavy, German-like version in order to elevate his readers. The fact that it was the German-like learned Estonian that was chosen to write the texts of the national movement fits well with the colonial linguistic approach by Joseph Errington suggesting that first the colonisers created a written language for their colonised to imbibe the coloniser’s culture and religious beliefs, but at an appropriate moment the colonised community would take over and pirate the literary language developed for them, in order to use it for purposes of their own, which were quite the opposite to those of the colonisers.

Meaning-construction in everyday bilingualism. On the language attitudes of Hungarian-speaking youth in Romania

Author(s): Erika-Mária Tódor,Enikő Tankó / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In our presentation we will examine the diversity of linguistic attitudes of Hungarian speakers in Romania. Although there are several definitions for this concept from psychology and linguistics, linguistic attitudes are generally understood as the value judgments and attitudes that individuals form on the basis of their language socialization, language use and learning experience, in relation to languages, language varieties and language expressions. In our present research, we wanted to find out the speakers’ value judgments about the phenomenon of using Romanian and/or English loanwords in their everyday Hungarian communication. In our research paradigm we adopted a case-oriented, inductive, data-focused research towards which we applied a mixed approach: the data was collected through a questionnaire, then the focus group discussion highlighted the criteria respondents used in their value judgment, as well as their opinions about loanwords adopted from the two languages. The conversations also indirectly shed light on the way in which a minority community relates to the languages active in its linguistic environment.

Pildile tõstetud ludza eestlased

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 10/2017

Review of: Hanness Korjuss. Ludzas igauņi. Zemes dieva tauta. Rīga: Lauku Avīze, 2017. 158 lk.

Lühikroonika

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 11/2017

Chronicle of events.

Kaitstud doktoritööd

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 12/2017

Defended doctoral theses.

Kaitstud doktoritööd

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 10/2019

Defended doctoral theses.

Hauatähiste tekstid doktoritöös

Author(s): Kristiina Ross / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 5/2020

Review of: Pille Arnek. Eestikeelsed tekstid 16.-19. sajandi Põhja-Eesti hauatähistel. (Tallinna Ülikooli humanitaarteaduste dissertatsioonid 54.) Tallinn: Tallinna Ülikool, 2019. 333 lk

Lühikroonika

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 5/2020

Chronicle of events.

Gramatičke i leksičke odlike govora Travnika s kraja XIX stoljeća

Author(s): Elmedina Alić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2022

Data related to the Travnik area speech at the end of the 19th century are scarce. Most data are provided by nine questionnaires from the survey Pitanja o govoru prostoga naroda from 1897 kept at the National Museum in Sarajevo. The data from those questionnaires, though invaluable for the dialectology of the central Bosnian area, has not been comprehensively presented or processed so far. The purpose of comparing the speech data of Travnik and its surroundings at the end of the 19th and data from late 20th century is to gain an insight into the changes that occurred in this Central Bosnian sub-dialect of the Ikavian-New-Štokavian (western) dialect. Data from 1897, as well as from the end of the 20th century (Govor u slivu Lašve, Valjevac 2002: 3–290) confirm that the Travnik speech is Ikavian, Šćakavian, New-Štokavian, with a stable four-accent system. In the span of one hundred years, the retreat of certain dialectological lines is noticed, that is, the withdrawal of a more archaic spoken type over standard-language forms, has been observed. These changes are evident at the phoneticphonological, morphological and syntactic, as well as the lexical level. A detailed description of the features of Travnik speech at the end of the nineteenth century at the phonetic-phonological level is presented in a paper titled Govor Travnika krajem XIX stoljeća: Fonetsko-fonološke osobenosti (Alić 2001: 147–151). The purpose of this paper is to present the characteristics of the Travnik speech towards the end of 19th century on a morphological, syntactic and lexical level, and then compare the Travnik speech from the end of the 19th century with today’s speech of Travnik and its surroundings. In this way, the data of the nine questionnaires from the survey Pitanja o govoru prostoga naroda will be fully processed and presented to the scientific audience. Without data from the Pitanja o govoru prostoga naroda, it would be impossible to see the changes that took place in the Ikavian-Šćakavian speech of Travnik and its surroundings in the last one hundred and twenty years.

Govori kladanjskog i olovskog kraja u XIX vijeku

Author(s): Senahid Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2022

In 1897, the National Museum in Sarajevo conducted a survey seeking to gain an insight into the speech of the common people. This was the very first dialectological questionnaire in the South Slavic region. In the Kladanj area, which then included today’s Olovo municipality, five questionnaires were completed. The answers from these questionnaires, as well as the notes, enable the reconstruction of the dialectal image of Kladanj and its surroundings at the end of the 19th century. This paper emphasizes the most important phonetic-phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical features of these dialects and their stratification with respect to the confessional affiliation of the speaker.

Gdzie są dzieci? Analiza ustaw o szkolnictwie z lat 1918—2018

Author(s): Weronika Kosmalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The article draws on the concept of Law & Literature. The aim of the research is to indicate how the formation of the image of childhood changes in three laws on education from 1918—2018: The Act of 11 March 1932 on the education system, the Act of 15 July 1961 on the development of the education and upbringing system and the Act of September 1991 on the education system. The author analyzes to what extent the child in the above-mentioned legal acts is treated in an objective manner, and to what extent in a subjective manner. Using axiolinguistics, she tries to prove that the image of childhood inscribed in each of the texts is connected with the ideological aims of the authorities and their conception of the state. This thesis is related to the various regimes that prevailed in the Polish lands in the indicated century.

K neekologičnosti manipulace

Author(s): Stanislav Štěpáník / Language(s): Czech Issue: 31/2022

The paper presents the necessity of implementing ecolinguistic topics into L1 teaching. It takes Instagram posts of Czech, Polish and Slovak influencers as an example and shows that manipulation techniques overreach the boundaries of countries and languages. If we accept the thesis that manipulation is dominantly a non-ecological phenomenon, which threatens the life of wider ecosystems, the reaction of school is inevitable, especially because children and youth form a highly vulnerable group.

Україномовна освіта – важливий чинник становлення української державності: історіографія проблеми

Author(s): Olga Morozowa / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2022

The article discusses the Ukrainian struggle for Ukrainian language education in Western Ukraine as an important contributor to the establishment of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic. The author analyzes Ukrainian and Polish literature on the subject. The article emphasizes that Ukrainian National Revival, in particular the revival of the Ukrainian language, played a significant role in efforts aiming to preserve and promote Ukrainian ethnicity, nationality, and civilization. These processes are widely discussed in both Ukrainian and Polish historiography. A thorough analysis of Ukrainian and foreign literature is needed to objectively interpret linguistic processes in Ukraine. At present, the Ukrainian language is undermined by political strife and economic crises, and the resulting spiritual poverty and loss of national values. These problems must be urgently addressed to promote the Ukrainian language. Foreign communities, in particular Polish people, actively support Ukrainians in their efforts to increase usage and facilitate the development of the Ukrainian language.

Gra planszowa w komunikacji – problemy definicyjne

Author(s): Kamila Zielińska-Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

This article is a proposal to define a board game. It includes considerations about the polysemy of the concept of the game, the similarities and differences between game and play, and the game’s ludic aspect. This paper has a cognitive character and is concentrated on the etymology of the term “board game” and the semantics resulting from its construction. A survey has been conducted to show how language users, including players, perceive a board game.