Artikulacijsko-fonološke sposobnosti djece s cerebralnom paralizom

Author(s): Emica Farago,Draženka Blaži,Martina Vukovic Ogrizek / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

The goal of this research was to examine and compare articulation and phonological abilities in children with cerebral palsy and their typically developing peers. An examination was conducted on a sample of 15 children with cerebral palsy and 15 typically developing children. The two groups were equalized by gender and age. The measuring instruments used were the Articulation Test and phonological ability tasks. The data were analysed using the robust discriminative analysis, t-test, chi-square test, as well as the Cohran-Cox test. The results showed a signifycant statistical difference in articulation and phonological abilities between children with cerebral palsy and typically developing children. The difference between the groups is for the most part due to the variables deletion of consonants and number of articulation errors. The variables first voice segregation, phonemic analysis, and rhyme searching are also signifi cant in creating this discriminant function. The results also confirm statistical differences in articulation and phonological abilities that are related to the type of cerebral palsy. A group of children with a spastic type of cerebral palsy was more successful in phoneme analysis, syllable analysis, consonant deletion tasks, and rhyme searching tasks. They also had better articulation abilities.

Юбилейно за Синтия Вакарелийска

Author(s): Slavka Keremidchieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2011

Arkadiusza Żychlińskiego laboratoria antropofikcji

Author(s): Łukasz Musiał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

This article polemicizes with Arkadiusz Żychliński’s book Laboratoria antropofikcji: Dociekania filologiczne [Laboratories of Anthropofiction: Philological Investigations], but Musiał also departs from Żychliński’s key concepts. First, he reconstructs the book’s main points, especially Żychliński’s claim that a person’s natural way of interacting with themselves, others and the world is so-called fabulation (i.e. creating a story), which is why homo sapiens as a species was able to surpass the role of being an object in the evolutionary experiment and instead became a conscious subject in it. Żychliński also makes an innovative contribution to traditional philology in that he brings it into conversation with analytical philosophy and the philosophy of language (Donald Davidson), philosophy of mind (Daniel C. Dennett), developmental and evolutionary psychology (Michael Tomasello), and ethology. In the second part of the article Musiał polemicizes with Żychliński’s main points, pointing out – with reference to contemporary cognitivistic theory and the theory of the ‘embodied mind’ – the non-communicative nature of his concept of philology (in broader terms: the notion of fiction).

Littlemore, Jeannette: 2015. Metonymy. Hidden shortcuts in language, thought and communication

Author(s): Lajos Nagy / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2016

Review of: Littlemore, Jeannette: 2015. Metonymy. Hidden shortcuts in language, thought and communication

ОСКОРБЛЕНИЕ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ЯЗЫКОВОГО НАСИЛИЯ В РЕЧЕВЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБЩЕНИЯ

Author(s): Tatyana Sergeyevna Shakhmatova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The article examines the distinction between a reasonable criticism and an insult (humiliation) in the situation of unequal social status of communication participants. Insult is considered to be an instrument of verbal aggression, used for social pressure, constraint and communicative sadism. The paper justifies the conclusion that a linguistic expert ought to take into account the conditions of a speech act, particularly the status of an insulter and an insultee and the general context of communication, when analyzing the speech act of insult.

Менталното звучене на речта или теорията спхота

Author(s): Mirena Paceva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

Sphota is a specific concept from the Indian linguistic and philosophical tradition, which has no analogue in Western linguistics. Sphota is the word in the mind or the mental sound that "illuminates" the signified. The concept is presented systematically by the ancient Indian philosopher and grammarian Bhartrihari in his treatise About the sentence and the word. Among the main features of the concept are integrity, lack of sequence and temporal specificity. It transmits its own form together with the meaning. Furthermore, the form has a leading position. From the standpoint of modern psycholinguistics, the ideas of Bhartrihari are more consonant with the connectionist language and less with the serial ones.

Język odziedziczony – polszczyzna pokoleń polonijnych

Author(s): Ewa Lipińska,Anna Seretny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2016

The term heritage language has been functioning in the relevant world literature since the late 1990s. It began to be used in Polish publications somewhat later gradually gaining acceptance in the circles of researchers, teachers and users. Its popularity ensures its broad application in various subdisciplines of linguistics – it is used not only by language educationalists, but also psycho-, ethno-, and sociolinguists. This study outlines the specificity of the notion of heritage language with particular focus on its significance in ethnic education and usefulness when differentiating between natural and cognitive bilingualism, and describing linguistic competences of users, which are largely determined by being part of a given generation of the Polish community abroad.

Из „Психоанализа на вълшебните приказки“

Author(s): Bruno Bettelheim / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2016

Bettelheim writes about the emotional and symbolic importance of fairy tales for children, such as those collected and published by the Grimm Brothers. Bettelheim thought that by engaging with these socially evolved stories, children would go through emotional growth and this would better prepare them for their own future life. The text „The Child’s Need for Magic“, part of the first section „A Pocketful of Magic“, outlines Bettelheim's thoughts on the value of fairy tales for children. The author demonstrates a correspondence between the fairy-tale world and the experience and thinking of children. The second part, „In Fairy Land“ presents psychoanalytical readings of several popular fairy tales. In „Hansel and Gretel“ and „The Sleeping Beauty“ Bettelheim suggested that traditional fairy tales, with the darkness of abandonment, death, witches, and injuries, allowed children to grapple with their fears in remote, symbolic terms. If they could read and interpret these fairy tales in their own way, he believed, they would get a greater sense of meaning and purpose.

Psycholinguistics and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

Author(s): Lidija Krotenko / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2017

The author of the article reveals the possibilities of psycholinguistics in the identification and interpretation of languages and texts of Alien Civilizations. The author combines modern interdisciplinary research in psycholinguistics with the theory “Evolving Matter” proposed by Oleg Bazaluk and concludes that the identification of languages and texts of Alien Civilizations, as well as the communication of terrestrial civilization with Extraterrestrial Intelligence, is in principle possible. To that end, it is necessary to achieve the required level of the modeling of neurophilosophy and to include these achievements of modern psycholinguistics studies: а) language acquisition; b) language comprehension; c) language production; d) second language acquisition. On the one hand, the possibilities of neurophilosophy to accumulate and model advanced neuroscience research; on the other hand, highly specialized psycholinguistic studies in language evolution are able to provide the communication of terrestrial civilization with Extraterrestrial Intelligence.

Przemiany profilu partnerki w stereotypie d z i e w c z y n y

Author(s): Maria Wacławek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The article aims at presenting part of the research that has been done on the stereotypes of a ‘girlfriend’ (Polish: ‘dziewczyna’). The research is based on letters published in Polish magazines for teenagers at the end of the communist regime and in the first decades of the 21st century. Partner profiling is an important element of the reconstructed stereotype. The description follows analysis of the traditional image of a female partner, which is based on an analysis of Polish proverbs. The research reveals many elements typical of the traditional model, especially the culturally accepted passive attitude of girls (especially in the Polish People’s Republic period). Modification of the model appears in a later period: freedom of customs, sexual awareness, and behaviour that is more liberated (based on letters written from the beginning of the 21st century).

Is Syntactic Working Memory Language Specific?

Author(s): Vanja Kljajević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

One question that has emerged from recent studies on sentence processing pertains to the nature of a specific cognitive mechanism implicated in maintenance of unintegrated syntactic information in ongoing sentence processing. In addition to evidence from language, recent research on musical syntax has suggested that processing of musical sequences may require a similar cognitive mechanism. In this paper evidence is discussed for the implication of syntactic working memory (SWM) in processing of language and musical syntax, arithmetic sequences, as well as in complex motor movements used with a specific expressive purpose. The idea is that an anticipatory structure-building component governs interpretation in each of these domains by processing relevant integrations within sequences of structurally dependent elements. The concept of SWM is anchored in representational modularity and the shared syntactic integration resources hypothesis, and empirically supported by neurophysiological and neuroimaging evidence.

Pitanje klasifikatora u znakovnim jezicima

Author(s): Branimir Belaj,Barbara Majdenić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2018

Classifiers in sign languages have the status of linguistic universals and are productive constructions that describe various aspects of referents and their relationship with other elements in a scenario. Classifiers can be divided into four groups: entity classifiers, handling classifiers, size and shape specifiers, and body part classifiers. Each group has a schematic semantic pole which determines the nature of the whole construction. The schematic semantic pole of entity classifiers can be defined as [THING IN RELATION], the schematic semantic pole of handling classifiers as [THING AS ELEMET OF PROCESS], that of size and shape specifiers can be defined as [DIMENSIONS OF THINGS] and of body part classifiers as [PART OF A THING]. The higher degree of iconicity of classifiers derives mainly from the visual nature of sign languages, but the selection of distinctive scenes is always arbitrary. Even though they are productive units, classifiers can become lexical units through lexicalization.

Les verbes introducteurs de noms de sentiments en français et en allemand : étude comparative diachronique

Author(s): Matthieu Pierens / Language(s): French Issue: 30/2018

In this article we compared the introductory verbs of feelings in French (sentir, ressentir, éprouver) and in German ( fühlen, empfinden, (ver)spüren) across the time in order to bring to light the affinities between these verbs. To this end, we measured the principal collocations of these verbs and determined for each verb the most salient ones. This allowed us to determine affinities between French and German verbs according to the time. We also noticed the kind of feelings, which are more connected to feeling auxiliary verbs, notably pain, joy and pleasure, whereas emotion words such as anger and fear are less present.

L’expression de l’intensité à travers la conséquence en français et en polonais : l’étude d’un cas (en vue de sa description lexicographique)

Author(s): Ewa Pilecka / Language(s): French Issue: 30/2018

In this paper, a contrastive analysis of a certain number of intensifiers belonging to the conceptual domain //FOLIE// (//MADNESS//) in French and in Polish is carried out. Basing on a study of corpora, the author ascertains their degree of equivalence on different levels (conceptual, semantic, morphological-syntactical, that of frequency).

Le metafore della nozione di musica nella lingua italiana

Author(s): Aleksandra Ritau-Barber / Language(s): Italian Issue: 30/2018

The following paper aims at describing the metaphorical conceptualization of musica in the cognitive approach. The linguistic corpus consists of texts of music theory and music history manuals and texts of interviews with music artists. The chosen methodology, cognitive semantics, allows to explain how the concept of musica is expressed by means of the metaphor of human being. The musica is recognized as a human organism which has its physicality (materiality of body) and psychology (immateriality of mind).

Limbaj și comunicare în contextul TSA: mituri și evidențe

Author(s): Raluca Nicoleta Trifu,Carolina Bodea-Haţegan,Bogdana Susana Miclea / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Autism spectrum disorder is a very common developmental disorder nowadays. CPLOL celebrated speech and language therapy day on the 6th of March and dedicated this day to Communication in Autism. Based on this, we prepared a workshop within our association (ASTTLR) under this theme where ASD was approached based on the language myths and on the language evidences. The fallowing myths and evidences were discussed based on significant studies in the field: echolalia, language idiosyncrasy, personal pronoun usage, gestures, the gap between receptive and expressive language. Conclusions underlined that language development can be an important indicator in ASD, but it must be carefully approached as not all specific language development features can be by themselves diagnostic criteria.

Nazwy nie wprost mężczyzn o odmiennej orientacji seksualnej we współczesnym rosyjskim i polskim żargonie młodzieżowym

Author(s): Joanna Nawacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: VIII/2003

Статья представляет названия гомосексуальных мужчин, существующие в современном русском и польском молодёжном жаргоне. Исследовательский материал был избран из следующих лексикографических публикаций: St. Kania Słownik argotyzmów (Warszawa 1995), B.C. Елистратов Словарь московского арго (Москва 1994), Т.Г. Никитина Так говорит молодёжь. Словарь молодёжного сленга (Санкт-Петербург 1998), В.М. Мокиенко, Т.Г. Никитина Большой словарь русского жаргона (Санкт- Петербург 2000), И. Юганов, Ф. Юганова, Словарь русского сленга (сленговые слова и выражения 60-90-х годов) (Москва 1997). Молодёжь это такая группа общества, для которой характеристично преодолевать всякие нормы и запреты, также языковое табу. Её язык, молодёжный жаргон, указывает на общественное отношение молодых людей ко всем явлениям мира. Непосредственно с языковым табу связаны эвфемизмы, то есть табу является причиной возникновения эвфемизмов. Настоящая статья представляет эвфемизмы называющие мужчин - гомосексуалистов.

Структурнo-семантические типы эмотивных высказываний на русском и польском языках : (на материале повести А. Толстого "Гадюка")

Author(s): Serafima Jerszowa / Language(s): Russian Issue: I/1996

Age and gender differences in evaluating the pedagogical usability of e-learning materials

Author(s): Liubomir Djalev,Stanislav Bogdanov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The purpose of the study is to examine the pedagogical usability of interactive e-learning materials for foreign language practice. It is based upon two studies of the expected between-group and within-group differences among participants in the educational process. The sample consists of two groups – lecturers and students, a total of 100 participants, each evaluating four materials specifically prepared for this study. Two consecutive repeated measures ANOVA were conducted in which the gender/age, the position of the participants in the educational process, and usability dimensions were the independent variables. Results indicated that all independent variables and their interactions have a significant effects on the evaluations of the pedagogical usability. Women tend to assign higher values than men. Аge groups generally differ in their evaluations, although there is a tendency to give similar ratings for the individual dimensions of pedagogical usability. The 31-40 years age group evaluates the materials higher while the lowest evaluations are given by the groups of 21-30 and 50+ year old participants. Students tend to rate the pedagogical usability systemically higher than the lecturers. Usability dimensions also have a significant effect on evaluations. The most prominent feature of the materials, by a great margin, is their Applicability. The findings corroborate previous research which show age and gender differences in web usability do exist. We conclude that these differences exist as much in pedagogical usability as in technical usability. Further investigations are suggested to explore more deeply the differences in the perceived pedagogical value of e-learning materials as this has implications for instructional designers, teachers and learners alike.

Антонимија придева просторних односа

Author(s): Marija S. Milosavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 20/2019

This paper analyses the antonymy of spatial adjectives. The aim is to verify the extent to which the frequency of occurrence of certain associations is related with the meaning of adjectives and the degree of opposition among members of adjectival antonymic pairs. Adjective antonyms were analysed on the basis of the Associative Dictionary and verbal associations, which were obtained through a survey with associative tests. Based on the material from the dictionary, it was concluded that in adjectives that have regular antonyms, in most cases the antonym appears as the first association. However, the survey has shown that with adjectives that have an antonym, the antonym does not necessarily appear as the most frequent association.