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Криза по време на война? Кримската война (1853-1856) - различната война

Author(s): Ivan Roussev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Wars have been among the greatest disasters for modern and contemporary human society as they cause significant economic, political, demographic, and moral crises. This is generally true regarding the wars that the Bulgarian nation has been involved in during the last few centuries of its existence.One of them, however, may be considered a partial exception to the rule: the Crimean War (1853-1856). Albeit equally accompanied by calamities and damages, by human death and insecurity, the Crimean War exerted a stimulating influence on Bulgarian economy and gave impetus to the process of modernization in Bulgarian society. The present paper is an attempt to outline the actual influence of the Crimean War on Bulgarian economic and social development in the mid-nineteenth century. The study is based on archival evidence from Archives diplomatiques du Ministère des AffairesEtragères de France and the Bulgarian periodical press of the 1850s.

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Приложна фотоника и антиоксидантни свойства на високоолеиново слънчогледово масло с билкови примеси

Author(s): Krastena Nikolova,Stefka Minkova,Poli Radusheva,Georgi Boshev,Erkan Faridin,Nural Dzhambazov,Mariana Perifanova-Nemska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2019

Physico-chemical and optical properties of sunflower oil with basilicum (Ocimum basilicum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and walnut oil have been investigated. Adding herbs to the sunflower oil increases the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids carotene and chlorophyll. The sunflower oil with basilicum (Ocimum basilicum) shows a fluorescence peak at about 555 nm, which is due to the high carotene content. All samples show a peak between 741 nm and 746 nm range, which is due to pigments different from chlorophyll, and those containing herbs and a chlorophyll peak at about 683 nm.

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Износът на зърнени храни от Свищов в контекста на „Дългата депресия“ от 1873–1896 г.

Author(s): Margarita Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

This article reviews the export of grain foods from the most important Bulgarian export center of the Danube River - Svishtov. The influence of domestic factors and the depression of 1873-1896 on the prices of cereals are taken into account in the analysis of the exports dynamics. The main finding is the that strategies to deal with it were successful in the short term, but in the long term they slow down the capital accumulation and modernization of agriculture.

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Стопанските дейци в Габрово след 9 септември 1944 г. – от „патриотични индустриалци” до „бивши хора” (1944–1947)

Author(s): Ivan Postompirov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The coup on 9 September 1944 marked the beginning of radical political, economic and social changes in Bulgarian society. The reorientation to another socio-economic order puts entrepreneurial conditions as a potential threat to the Fatherland Front, leading to a series of measures to curb and eradicate the private sector in the economy. In accordance with this policy, during the period 1944-1947, unprecedented political, judicial, administrative and economic pressure was exerted on private initiative representatives in the industry.On 23 December 1947 225 enterprises in Gabrovo and its environs were nationalized – textile, knitwear, leather, and more. This affects about 360 families, who were deprived not only of industrial enterprises as owners and shareholders, but also of almost everything they own.After the establishment of totalitarian rule at the end of 1947 and the nationalization carried out, the industrialists were placed in the category of „former people“ then introduced by the regime. This group of people, along with their heirs, were declared „one of the most vicious enemies of the people's power“, the main class enemy of the Communist Party and subjected to persecution by the BCP's repressive apparatus until the end of the regime.

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Bevezető a Fordulat 26. számához

Author(s): Emília Barna,Gergely Csányi,Márk Áron Éber / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 26/2019

A 2008-as válság, majd a 2010 után kiépülő, magát a Nemzeti Együttműködés Rendszerének nevező rezsim alapvetően változtatta meg az életet Magyarországon. A tulajdon- és gazdasági viszonyok, az állami intézmények és a nyilvánosság átalakítása, valamint az erőteljes nemzeti radikális szimbolikus politizálás a magyarországi társadalom rendszerváltás utáni történetének egy új fejezetét hozták el.

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REFORMING THE AGRICULTURAL LAND MARKET: EU EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE

Author(s): Olena Chygryn,Olena IVAKHNENKO / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2018

The need to introduce a full-fledged land market is conditioned by the realities of today. Land, a significant component of the productive forces, is still not integrated into a civilized market exchange in Ukraine. The paper is devoted to the substantiation of the need to reform the agricultural land market in Ukraine. The state of the agricultural land market in Ukraine is analyzed. The author emphasizes that in this connection the creation and functioning of a civilized agricultural land market requires the strengthening of state regulation in this area. It can stop not only the agrarian crisis, but also the economic crisis in general. The main features of the land market in other European countries are described. The author emphasizes that the EU has vast experience in this area that Ukraine can use to reform the agricultural land market. The author emphasizes that before removing the moratorium a number of problems related to the introduction of the land market in Ukraine have to be solved.

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BARIERE NETARIFARE ȘI COMERȚUL CU MĂRFURI AGRICOLE

Author(s): Răzvan Murariu,Ionuț CĂȘUNEANU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2019

Măsurile netarifare rămân un subiect de discuţie și negociere nu de puține ori controversate. Statele sunt stânjenite de impedimente mai mult sau mai puţin directe, cum ar fi politici interne şi reglementări, proceduri de administrare a comerţului, atitudinea şi comportamentul autorităţilor, corupţie, discriminare, sisteme publice (judiciare, legale) de slabă calitate, infrastructură, etc. Categoriile netarifare prolifice atât din punct de vedere a notificărilor, cât şi a disputelor sub egida OMC, și asupra cărora ne vom referi în acest articol, privesc măsurile sanitare şi fitosanitare (SPS), așa numitul "protecționismul verde" și ecoetichetarea.

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State Building Challenges and the European Integration Process: The Kosovo Case

Author(s): Zenum HALILI / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Kosovo, a new state which is in the process of international recognition of its statehood, after the 1999 war, and until the declaration of independence in 2008, has faced a number of challenges during its efforts to build the democratic system and order. Following the declaration of independence and a considerable number of international recognitions, Kosovo’s new democratic institutions are taking their responsibilities for the country's integration into the European Union. This paper provides one overview of state building challenges and the European integration process of the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo has its old and new history, which was decided by the great powers in London, Berlin, Paris, in Yalta and Potsdam, and later in Dayton and Rambouillet. The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical roots of the independence movement among Kosovo Albanians, until the declaration of independence onFebruary 17, 2008, and the state-creating challenges of the Kosovo state. Like other Western Balkan aspiring members, Kosovo's politicians and its population are fully committed to the process of European Integration. Being the last state from the Balkan Peninsula, Kosovo signed with EU a Stabilization and Association Agreement. EU membership is on the horizon, but Kosovo expects great work to achieve its objective.

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Knowledge spillovers in the process of formation of the economic clusters

Author(s): Elina Benea-Popușoi,Ecaterina Rusu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Knowledge creation and innovation represent the result of an interactive process of collaboration between various actors that come together to solve the problems they face. However, due to the complexity of the knowledge dimension, the creation and exchange of information don’t occur automatically, it requires a special environment that could facilitate these processes. Spatial clustering of economic activity proved to be an efficient way to organize interactive learning processes, offering the perfect infrastructure for fostering that collaboration between its participants, from which all of them can grasp advantages in terms of acquiring new technical, organizational, commercial or intellectual competences.

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Atlantic Lessons: Cross-border cooperation between Galicia and the Region of North Portugal

Author(s): Celso Cancela Outeda / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In Europe, cross-border cooperation between sub-national organizations offers many experiences, driven by organizations such as the European Union. Today, these experiences present different profiles derived from antiquity, the participating agents (local, regional, national), the level of institutionalization, the economic product or socio-economic reality, the type of interstate relations (friendly and hostile), etc. Basically, this contribution contains a case study that refers to the experience developed by Galicia and the Region of North of Portugal. The main objective is to present its historical evolution, its current institutions and the actors involved. In this way, lessons for other places and areas can be obtained.

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Protection and Promotion of Agricultural and Food Products at European Union level through European Quality Schemes

Author(s): Laura Cătălina ŢIMIRAŞ / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This paper aims to highlight the use of European quality schemes at Community level to protect agri-food products, including alcoholic beverages. After highlighting the advantages granted to products by using these schemes to protect and, implicitly, promote those products having unique characteristics linked to their geographical origin or, as the case may be, the traditional production / processing system, the paper presents the situation at Community level from the point of view of the quantity of products protected through different quality schemes, by country and category of protected products. Among the quality schemes used at EU level for agri-food products, including alcoholic beverages in the present paper we referred to: "geographical indication" and "traditional specialty guaranteed". The paper is based on the information of European Commission in which protected products are registered through different quality schemes, through and the information contained in various scientific papers, normative acts and statistical databases.

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Discrete Mathematics and Programming – Teaching and Learning Approaches

Author(s): Mariyana Raykova,Hristina Kostadinova,Stoyan Boev / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2019

Discrete mathematics is one of the most important parts of the introduction to programming. Although known as the basis of writing good software and its usage is necessary, the students have many difficulties while gaining the competency to apply it in software projects. In order to make it a little bit easier for learners, an additional course Discrete Mathematics and Programming was conducted in the Informatics major in the New Bulgarian University. Its objectives, conduction, some exemplary tasks and homework are presented in this paper. The difficulties in the learning process and different approaches to reduce them are discussed.

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Автоматизирано управление на мрежова инфраструктура

Author(s): Hristo Hristov,Angel Ignatov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2019

This article discusses network management automation problem.Difficulties encountered while expanding network infrastructure are addressed. Ananalysis of the path to automation in network management is given.A process classification for network automation is proposed. A brief survey ofthe most popular network management tools is presented. A comparison between these and a custom tool contributed by the authors is made. The custom tool is used in “Information Services” Plc for network management. In conclusion we shared some thoughts about application extension,popularization and integration.This article discusses network management automation problem. Difficulties encountered while expanding network infrastructure are addressed. An analysis of the path to automation in network management is given. A process classification for network automation is proposed. A brief survey of the most popular network management tools is presented. A comparison between these and a custom tool contributed by the authors is made. The custom tool is used in “Information Services” Plc for network management. In conclusion we shared some thoughts about application extension, popularization and integration.

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Кардиоида

Author(s): Eugene Vorontsov,Nikita Platonov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2019

The paper presents the results of the work of the Russian sub-team from the city of Arkhangelsk – a part of the international team of students. The team was created in connection with the realization of the net research project “Encyclopedia of Notable Plane Curves: We Write by Ourselves”. The research was made by using the software program GeoGebra. Methods from Analytical Geometry were applied for proving the corresponding hypothesis. The net interaction between the participants was carried out in Google Cloud service.

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Болгарская олимпиада по финансовой и актуарной математике в России

Author(s): Rosen Nikolaev,Sava Grozdev,Nina Patronova,Bogdana Koneva,Maria Shabanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2019

Improving financial literacy for all segments of the population is a global problem which solving is aim of many international and national projects. It is not possible to find a sufficient solution without drawing attention to mathematical methods for adequate understanding and assessment of financial situation and taking optimal decisions. This is the goal of the Olympiad, established by two Bulgarian universities: the Higher School of Insurance and Finance (VUZF) in Sofia and the Economics University in Varna. Russia participated in the 2018-2019 edition of the Olympiad for the third time. This paper presents the Olympiad task solutions and gives information about the solution difficulties faced by the students. The authors hope that this information will be helpful for Olympiad questions developers and the participants’ coaches.

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Editörden: Çatışma ve Kriz Sürecinde Yoğun Kitlesel Akışlara Uluslararası Toplumun Bir Cevabı Olarak Küresel Göç ve Mülteci Mutabakatları

Author(s): Mehmet Gokay Özerim,Deniz Eroğlu Utku,Pinar Yazgan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

Dünya artan bir şekilde birbiriyle daha derinden bağlantılı hale gelirken, insan hareketliliği bu süreci etkileyen ve süreçten etkilenen önemli bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Küreselleşme olarak anılan bu hızlı dönüşüm süreci, insan hareketliliğine ivme sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte süreç diğer yandan bu hareketliliği daha düzenli, daha kontrol edilebilir hale getirip, kayıpların minimuma indirilmesinde etkin inisiyatiflerin geliştirilmesi konusunda uluslararası işbirliği için zorlayıcı nedenler ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Zira Suriye krizi ile bir kez daha gün yüzüne çıktığı üzere hareketlilik, salt bölgesel çabalarla değil, küresel boyutta ele alınması gereken bir kavramdır. Bu vesile ile ortaya çıkan bir diğer unsur ise, geliştirilecek inisiyatiflerin yine salt hedef ülke odaklı değil, kitlelerin kırılganlıklarının göz önünde bulundurularak tasarlanması gerekliliğidir. Bu noktada, 2016’da BM öncülüğünde alanda sorumluluk paylaşımına yön verecek, göç ve mülteci kavramlarını beraberce ele alacak bir mutabakatın tamamlanması için BM üye ülkelerinin bir araya gelmeleri oldukça önemli bir adımdır. Bu adım, içerisinde 23 temel hedefi barındıran Küresel Göç Mutabakatı’nın 2018 Aralık ayında tamamlanması ile nihayetlenmiştir. Başlangıçtaki katılım hevesini yitirse de, umut veren içeriği ile alana yeni bir soluk getireceğine inandığımız bu Mutabakatı Mülteci Mutabakatı ile birlikte dergimizin bu sayısının sunuş bölümünde mercek altına aldık. Analizimiz, Göç ve Mülteci Mutabakatları’nı hızlı değişim süreci olarak küreselleşme bağlamında çatışma ve kriz kavramları çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Burada eleştirel bir yaklaşım ile mutabakatlara yönelik beklentileri ele alırken, metinde yer alan kısıtlara da değindik. Mutabakatların hareketliliğe bütüncül yaklaşan dilini ve uluslararası işbirliği çabalarının bir yansıması olmasını oldukça değerli görmekle beraber, hedef kitlenin kırılganlıklarına ve ihtiyaçlarına cevap verme noktasında gelişmeye ihtiyaç duyduğunu düşünmekteyiz.

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MEASURING OUTPUT POTENTIAL AND OUTPUT GAP OF ALBANIA

Author(s): Altin Zefi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This paper uses HP filter and production function of the Cobb-Douglas form to measure and compare output potential and output gap. We find that Albania’s economy is performing near or above potential. Both the univariate and the multivariate ways result in similar results. We use a two-sided smoothing lambda of 100 for the HP filter. The results lead us to conclude that the policy interest rate of the Central bank has not been as low to stimulate economic growth as we have been led to believe. Central Banks measures of output potential of 4% seem to be higher than the recent data suggests. More studies should be performed to measure neutral interest rate to conclusively say that a lower policy interest rate should be pursued by the central bank.

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Активната политика на пазара на труда и нейното въздействие върху младежката заетост

Author(s): Valeri Apostolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

This article assesses a significant economic and social problem – youth integration in the labour market. The aim of this research is to expose the actual condition of the impact of public policies and measures for the promotion of youth employment, emphasizing the connection between the education system and the labour market. For the purpose has been done a content analysis of the normative acts and documents, examples of good practices of public policies and measures in support of the professional realization of young people in the labour market have been also given. As a result of the analysis of the market’s condition and the implementation on a national level of European Youth Guarantee have been made conclusions, evaluations, and recommendations.

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THE CHALLENGES WOMEN FACE IN THE BLUE ECONOMY

Author(s): Diana Sabotinova / Language(s): English Issue: X/2019

There are four major challenges that women face in the Blue Economy: Structural - Big companies don't reach the small scale fisheries, where women usually work. Despite the fact that women provide more than 85% of the landed catch, even when investment is available it reaches men first. Sociocultural - Social attitudes frown on and punish women for being in certain spaces. Discriminatory gender and social stereotypes ban women from taking part in areas of the Blue Economy. Capacity - Women engaged in the Blue Economy lack access to capital, investments, and equipment to grow their businesses. Lack of women’s voices - Women's voices are absent in their majority.

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ЛОЯЛНОСТТА НА ПЕРСОНАЛА – ФАКТОР ЗА ФОРМИРАНЕ НА КОРПОРАТИВНА КУЛТУРА

Author(s): Irena Emilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: X/2019

This paper presents an analysis of the relation loyalty - corporate culture. The clarification of the specifics of the concept of „loyalty“ precedes the presentation of the loyalty model of the staff in the organization. Based on the book „Competing Values Framework“ of the world-famous american scientists K. Cameron and R. Quinn considered the following types of culture: clan, adhocracy, hierarchy and market. Outlined are the manifestations of loyalty in the proposed typology. It has been establishing that the staff loyalty plays a crucial role in the formation of the corporate culture.

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