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The article deals with methods for assessing the effectiveness of business investment. Highlights specific techniques that are used to determine the effectiveness of investments of the dairy industry. Adapted method for evaluating investments for the dairy industry
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The main objective of this article is to indicate transport accessibility (according to two criteria: fly&60 and 6×60×60) and information accessibility (on the Internet) of all Polish (28 ) and all Nordic (9 ) towns — members of the International Network of Cities Where Living is Good. The research was conducted using non-reactive methods: content analysis and desk research. The analysis has shown that the fly&60 criterion is met by eight Cittaslow towns (seven Polish and one Nordic), and the 6×60×60 criterion — by five towns (four Polish and one Nordic), which confirms the thesis on the peripheral nature of Cittaslow cities, which in fact may be perceived as an attracting factor. Their location, away from frequently used routes, may attract (some of them already do so) tourists seeking alternative forms of leisure, following a growing global trend of sustainable tourism. The level of accessibility to online information on the Cittaslow towns is varied, but rather low.
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A son accession à l’indépendance en 1960, le jeune État du Cameroun devait devenir maître de son destin. Sur le plan politique, l’instabilité politique régnait dans plusieurs régions du pays. Au niveau économique, les autorités camerounaises se mobilisaient pour développer le pays. Ceci se traduisit par la mise en place d’une politique de développement économique, social et culturel à travers une planification de type indicatif. Or, de 1986 à 1994 le Cameroun fut plongé dans une récession économique sans précédent qui n’épargna aucun secteur d’activité et contribua à l’aggravation de la pauvreté. La présente étude entend mettre en relief, la prospérité économique camerounaise des années 60, la faillite étatique et l’avènement de la pauvreté au Cameroun.
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This article tackles the issue of career profile with teachers at the tertiary education level in Cameroon. Whatever the discipline, the mission of the University can be summarized in: teaching, research, scientific progress and support to development. The first three aspects of the missions are often visible because lecturers do teach matters within their specialization and do research in the areas of their competence. As regards the last aspect mentioned (development), there seems to stand a problem, hence a serious question: Is the social environment conducive to such a mission? Is this mission not overshadowed by the first two (teaching and research)? How is this specific mission to be more visible for all lecturers in order to contribute to the emergence of Cameroon in 2035? With regard to researchers in Psychology, it is necessary that they stick to their area of specialization. The aim of current study is to show how the passage from one level of grade to the next follows a maturating progress but remains under the influence its “developmental niche” (Dasen, 2007). This study is grounded in the socio-cultural theory of Vygotsky (1978)), a theory that emphasizes the role of the social environment of the lecturer in the development of his career.
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In realizing the main objective, we started from some main categories of information sources: theoretical sources, descriptive and empirical data sources obtained during the analysis. The empirical analysis presented can be grouped into: data from official statistical sources and data analysis from questionnaire-based survey. The social survey was carried out on a sample of 200 Romanian immigrants in Belgium who lived or worked in different cities or towns in the country. The spatial distribution of Romanian immigrants is not constant and alike, the number of Romanian origin persons varying greatly from one region to another and from one place to another one. Therefore, one of the challenges in setting the research methodology was that establishing the geographical boundaries in which we operate. The solution was identified and applied randomly, because it is difficult to establish a statistically step case. In determining the space of social inquiry we stopped in Brussels and its surroundings, where the number of Romanian immigrants is the largest.
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The review of economic literature indicates that the 2007–2013 programming period has not yet been completely analyzed in terms of the EU funds and stock of FDI. Moreover, previous studies omitted most of the EU funds because they focused mainly on structural funds and cohesion funds. The main question of this paper is organized around whether there is a positive relationship between the stock of FDI and specific EU funds. We use a panel of 27 EU countries to analyze fifty policy variables from the 2007–2013 programming period with panel linear regression models. In contrast to analysis of previous programming periods, the results did not indicate that there was a statistically significant relationship between structural or cohesion funds and the stock of FDI. The results indicate instead that ceteris paribus FDI stock is influenced by EU funds for preservation and management of natural resources and the media 2007 programme. And more specifically that EUR 100 million increase of funds for preservation and management of natural resources increased FDI stock by 1,01%–2,02%. A one million increase of funds for media 2007 related programs increased FDI stock by 3,36%–4,29%. Additionally, the results indicate that there is an interaction between GDP per capita and funds for the preservation of animal and plant health, and GDP per capita with funds for solidarity and management of migration flows. This research is a pilot study. According to the author’s knowledge this is the first analysis that takes into account all EU policy variables, and not just a selected few as well as the first study that analyses FDI and all EU funds during the 2007–2013 programming period.
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Based on individual-level data from a cross-sectional sample of small and medium enterprises located in Poland and the Czech Republic we performed an analysis of the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs’ growth and development. The hypotheses outlined in the study were tested by using structural equation modeling. The study results revealed that overall there was a strong measure of agreement among SMEs from Poland and the Czech Republic. SMEs in Poland and the Czech Republic have a similar approach to pro-activeness, innovativeness and risk-taking. However, Polish firms are less likely to act aggressively. The results of the structural equation modeling indicate entrepreneurial orientation affects SME growth and development. In general, when enterprises seek to innovate and to outpace competitors they are rewarded for their efforts.
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Implementation of Foreign Trade Agreement between RM and EU is on the government agenda, beginning with the moment of ratification. The valorization of the economic potential of this agreement can be provided by strong state institutes and should be realized through the elaboration of adequate mechanisms and policies. They are related first of all to the deepening trade between partners. The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which the institutes correspond to an ambitious agenda for the implementation of reforms, as well as are prepared to use the adequate economic mechanisms and policies to manage and adapt to contemporary trends in the international trading system. The novelty of the research is exploring the measure of the institutional competitiveness of country's economy in the period 2011-2017, in the correlation with the methodology of the World Economic Forum. At present stage of development the competitiveness of the economy of Moldova is largely predetermined by the performance of institutions both public and private, that study found one of the most problematic sectors. The implementation of reforms in the foreign trade sector, which began with accession to the WTO, was not supported by reformation of other economic sectors. Among the main obstacles are the following: the weakness of state institutions, inconsistency and non completing the government policy reforms started, the lack of political will, the high level of corruption etc. Results of this study can be used for the elaboration of set the appropriate economic policies.
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The impact of the general economic crisis, the imbalance in the unfavorable business environment in BiH, and the internal weaknesses of the enterprise, have resulted in a reduction in the volume of business activities that have linked a number of other negative business-related consequences to poverty growth . As with most other transition economies, the main channels of crisis were the sharp contraction of capital inflows and the reduction of demand for exports. Reducing capital inflows has reflected a fall in investment spending, while reducing personal spending is the result of increased unemployment. Businesses faced with falling demand for their products on domestic and foreign markets reduced their investments. Employers who had free money, for fear and uncertainty, did not want to invest, while those who wanted to invest and did not have their own funds could not get loans because of the sharp credit contraction in the financial markets. The direct consequence of insufficient demand was the reduction in the number of jobs that ultimately had an impact on the growth of poverty. Reducing business resulted in a fall in revenues, an increase in the number of enterprises with negative business results, an increase in the number of enterprises that were forced to stop business activities, and ultimately an increase in unemployment.
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The Labour Migration and Labour Mobility Act contain a number of restrictive measures regarding the access of third-country citizens(outside the EU) to the Bulgarian labour market, which aim to protect both our domestic labour market from the unregulated influx of cheap labour and the one in the other EU Member States. At the same time, the employment of third-country citizens may in some cases be useful and necessary, such as in the case of highly qualified or seasonal workers. That is why the legislator has regulated the matter flexibly and in detail. This article analyzes the conditions and procedures for permitting access of third-country citizens to the Bulgarian labour market.
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Purpose: To research features of TV programming regarding the presence of Bulgarian films on the TV screens Results: Proves that commercial TV programming is deliberately aimed at the most uneducated part of the audience and meets its needs. This was achieved via one year monitoring of the leading Bulgarian TV stations. Contributions: This research exposes a huge problem in the promotion of socio-cultural patterns of behavior and mass culture. Everybody can do as they wish, as long as they win, as the neo-liberals say. The problem is that the cost of forced mediocrity will then be paid by everyone.
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The production of sea salt is a traditional occupation in Pomorie. Until the early1920s the town is the main centre of salt-production in Bulgaria and because of that, the salt-pans and the method of work are a subject of numerous researches, travel notes, and popular readings. Together with the well-known practice of production of sea salt, the descriptions in some of the historical sources of the size of the saltpans and their structure, the means of transportation of saltwater from one basin to another and of exportation of the salt produced differ from what is known about the Pomorie salt-pans in the period studied. The critical analysis of these evidences gives reasons to consider them reliable in some cases and insufficiently proven another. The characteristics of the salt-pans’ structure and the technologies used are most often ingenious decisions of the local salt-producers but some of them have analogues in the world production.
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12th Central and Eastern European Communication and Media Conference (CEECOM 2019), from 19th to 21st June, 2019. The focus of CEECOM 2019 was the strategic and practical aspects of managing communications, thus establishing a wide interdisciplinary foundation for works in the field of communication, media studies and political sciences. The aim of organizations was to bring together a number of scholars with diverse backgrounds to exchange ideas regarding the present and the future of communication endeavors.
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For today in Ukraine is observing the mass movement of population for work to others countries. It is caused by the row of negative internal factors: economic crisis, political instability, low level of life, desire to self-realization and ect. However, statistical information that is given by government organs doesn’t represent the real state of situation.Accordingly from the side of government organs of power there isn’t the substantial reacting for reduction of negative consequences. For the time being Ukrainian labor migrants are going to work to Germany, Russia, Czech Republic and other countries, but the major migration stream is directed to Poland. Therefore it is very important to investigate the modern tendencies of migratory streams of Ukrainians to Poland and offer measures for to stay and reduction of exodus of population from Ukraine.In the article are considered dynamics and methods of employment of Ukrainians to Poland. The structure of migrants is certain of sphere of activity and are educed the most needed professions for Ukrainians by the Polish employers. There are certain the temporal borders of staying migrants in Poland and their reasons of departure: shortterm migrants (earnings of money are for opening their own business), long-term migrants (desire to remain to live in other country). The evaluation of influence of modern tendencies of migratory processes is executed not only to the home market of labor but also to Poland. There are exposed the basic factors and negative consequences of external labor migration. On the basis of statistical information and available in Ukraine legal base that regulates migration,reasonable measures are worked out in relation to the improvement of home migratory politics in modern crisis position with the aim of reduction of migratory streams.For reduction of migratory processes it is necessary to use administrative instruments and provide to work socio-economic mechanism. It is necessary to pay attention to removal and prevention of available causes and effects of labor migration through the improvement of current legislation, introduction of the effective system monitoring of migrants.
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In this article is defined the different information models and discovering semantic relationship between information management, code and knowledge. Problems typical for modern information realities are also discussed, which reflects on the ways of making a business.
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Wars have been among the greatest disasters for modern and contemporary human society as they cause significant economic, political, demographic, and moral crises. This is generally true regarding the wars that the Bulgarian nation has been involved in during the last few centuries of its existence.One of them, however, may be considered a partial exception to the rule: the Crimean War (1853-1856). Albeit equally accompanied by calamities and damages, by human death and insecurity, the Crimean War exerted a stimulating influence on Bulgarian economy and gave impetus to the process of modernization in Bulgarian society. The present paper is an attempt to outline the actual influence of the Crimean War on Bulgarian economic and social development in the mid-nineteenth century. The study is based on archival evidence from Archives diplomatiques du Ministère des AffairesEtragères de France and the Bulgarian periodical press of the 1850s.
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Physico-chemical and optical properties of sunflower oil with basilicum (Ocimum basilicum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and walnut oil have been investigated. Adding herbs to the sunflower oil increases the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids carotene and chlorophyll. The sunflower oil with basilicum (Ocimum basilicum) shows a fluorescence peak at about 555 nm, which is due to the high carotene content. All samples show a peak between 741 nm and 746 nm range, which is due to pigments different from chlorophyll, and those containing herbs and a chlorophyll peak at about 683 nm.
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This article reviews the export of grain foods from the most important Bulgarian export center of the Danube River - Svishtov. The influence of domestic factors and the depression of 1873-1896 on the prices of cereals are taken into account in the analysis of the exports dynamics. The main finding is the that strategies to deal with it were successful in the short term, but in the long term they slow down the capital accumulation and modernization of agriculture.
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The coup on 9 September 1944 marked the beginning of radical political, economic and social changes in Bulgarian society. The reorientation to another socio-economic order puts entrepreneurial conditions as a potential threat to the Fatherland Front, leading to a series of measures to curb and eradicate the private sector in the economy. In accordance with this policy, during the period 1944-1947, unprecedented political, judicial, administrative and economic pressure was exerted on private initiative representatives in the industry.On 23 December 1947 225 enterprises in Gabrovo and its environs were nationalized – textile, knitwear, leather, and more. This affects about 360 families, who were deprived not only of industrial enterprises as owners and shareholders, but also of almost everything they own.After the establishment of totalitarian rule at the end of 1947 and the nationalization carried out, the industrialists were placed in the category of „former people“ then introduced by the regime. This group of people, along with their heirs, were declared „one of the most vicious enemies of the people's power“, the main class enemy of the Communist Party and subjected to persecution by the BCP's repressive apparatus until the end of the regime.
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A 2008-as válság, majd a 2010 után kiépülő, magát a Nemzeti Együttműködés Rendszerének nevező rezsim alapvetően változtatta meg az életet Magyarországon. A tulajdon- és gazdasági viszonyok, az állami intézmények és a nyilvánosság átalakítása, valamint az erőteljes nemzeti radikális szimbolikus politizálás a magyarországi társadalom rendszerváltás utáni történetének egy új fejezetét hozták el.
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