We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

Pluralism and Heterodoxy: Introduction to the Special Issue

Author(s): Andrew Mearman / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2008

This paper introduces a special issue of the journal devoted to work presented at two recent conferences of the Association for Heterodox Economics (AHE). The AHE is an organisation which advocates and provides a forum for non-mainstream approaches to economics. Recent conferences have focused on pluralism. Pluralism is a variegated concept with multiple motivations and arguments in its favour. Such arguments tend to be ontological and epistemological, but may also be pedagogical. Pluralism has been advocated as a moniker preferable to heterodoxy which might be adopted by non-mainstream economists. However, it is problematic. The papers which comprise the remainder of this issue illustrate that point. The papers are discussed in turn and contrasted.

More...

Download

Methodological Monism in Economics

Author(s): Tamás Dusek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2008

The aim of the paper is to give an outline of the relation between general epistemology and the epistemology of economics. The epistemology of economics can be treated starting from the ‘general epistemology of science’ and from the subject of the investigation, namely the problems of economics itself. Starting from the general or subject-independent epistemology one can make an attempt to adapt to economics various methodological approaches which were practically created to take only the subject of physics or mathematics into consideration. The characteristic feature of this mentality is often methodological monism, a doctrine which implicitly or explicitly states the unity of epistemology in all disciplines. In methodological writings of economics, beside the supporters of some general epistemological viewpoints, there are serious critics of them on behalf of methodologists who start their researches based on economics.Methodological pluralism does not reject the importation of methodological ideas from other branches of knowledge in an aprioristic way. However, the uncritical adoption of the methodology of physical sciences or ‘general’ methodology leads to the realm of inadequacy and dogmatism. According to methodological pluralism, every research has to choose its methods and methodology conforming to the nature of its own problems.The theoretical consequences of methodological monism are not always obvious. Inappropriate methodology can lead to inappropriate theories and inappropriate practical decisions. The negative consequences of formalism will be illustrated by some spatial economic issues in the field of money and price theory, such as the empirical empty doctrine of purchasing power parity and the theory of optimal currency areas. Since neoclassical mainstream is monist, therefore the critique of monism is at the same time the critique of the method of neoclassical mainstream.

More...

Download

Editorial introduction

Author(s): Valentin Cojanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2007

This Journal comes out from a barely disguised, though deep, anxiety about the way we, the economists, may improve the ways of providing meaningful explanations for what makes and does not make sense in such economic developments as prosperity, globalisation, material imbalances, labour relations, or common property. These issues are usually resuscitated under contemporary labels such as “feminism”, “environmentalism”, “Marxism”, or “liberalism”. However, it can be argued that these issues have represented in fact recurrent threads of economic thinking dating back to ancient times.

More...

Download

Economics, the Structures of Knowledge, and the Quest for a More Substantively Rational World

Author(s): Richard E. Lee / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2007

The “structures of knowledge” designates the long-term intellectual and institutional division in knowledge production, the arena of cognition and intentionality (the “socio-cultural”) that we recognize as the relational hierarchy between the sciences and the humanities, or the “two cultures”, and it is just as integral to the development of the modern world as the realms of material production and distribution (the “economic”) or of decision making and coercion (the “political”). The modern discipline of economics emerged from a medium-term restructuring of the structures of knowledge in the late nineteenth century along with the other, multiple, social sciences between the sciences and the humanities each with proprietary subject matters, theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches. The contemporary crisis in the field of knowledge production is part of the overall exhaustion of the processes reproducing the structures of the modern world-system. Contemporary economics in this “far-from-equilibrium” world should be well placed to contribute to an understanding of the alternative futures available today. But this would entail a reexamination of its inherited theoretical approaches and methodological practices.

More...

Download

European Historical Economics and Globalisation

Author(s): James Foreman-Peck / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2007

Globalisation is here considered as the increasing specialisation or complexity that accompanies extension of spatially limited markets to include larger and larger sections of the world. To the extent that the enlargement of one market brings contact with others, the process is one of market integration. This paper focuses on two millennia of globalisation so defined, from the perspective of the European economies. It shows that there have been several waves of globalisation linked with rising productivity and prosperity, followed by long economic contractions. Expansions took place within new frameworks for internal and external security and the disintegration of these regimes typically reversed the process. Higher incomes were the reward for accepting the greater vulnerability of stronger interdependency.

More...

Download

On Ethics and the Economics of Development

Author(s): Mozaffar Qizilbash / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2007

This paper examines the implications of some of the growing literature at the borderline of ethics and economics for development debates. It argues that this literature has already had considerable impact on development economics, particularly as a result of work on well-being and capabilities. Other areas where there has been considerable growth include population ethics and the area which explores the link between the contractarian tradition in moral philosophy and game theory. Work here has had less impact on development economics, and there is considerable scope for more work. Finally, both ethics and economics have been criticised for taking too abstract a view of human beings. Each has begun to take on this line of criticism and work which responds to it in various ways – such as by taking account of issues relating to identity, allowing for hard choices and fuzziness - is relevant to development.

More...

Download

Globalisation, the state and economic justice

Author(s): Mark Beeson / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2007

This paper explores the potential for states to act as agents of economic justice in an era of ‘globalisation’. After providing a critical review of debates about both economic justice and globalisation, the paper suggests that states retain an important degree of policy-making autonomy—should they care to exercise it. Following this I make a rather unfashionable argument which claims that, if economic justice is actually to be achieved in the contemporary era, it may be up to states to provide it. For the current structures of global governance are not only often ineffective, but they may actually entrench inequality and injustice. In the absence of a just global order, individual states may have to rely on their own efforts to achieve what economic equality they can.

More...

Download

From a ‘Moral Philosopher’ to a ‘Poor’ Economist

Author(s): Soumitra Sharma / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2007

The roots of modern ‘Economics’ are deeply buried in the moral and political philosophy of the ancient philosophers. The journey of an economist from the pedestal of a ‘moral philosopher’ to a state of ‘poor economist’ is rather long. Through the Middle Ages the ‘natural law’ approach to economics and sociology held firm. The ‘socio-economic rationalism’ of the Stoics helped this approach to develop into a ‘social science’ that later took the form of ‘moral philosophy’ of the 18th century philosophers. Since then Economics has been enriched by scientific thought of many. While Marshall and his Principles made the study of Economics popular at universities, Keynes provided a theoretical platform to the governments for their full employment policies ensuring an unprecedented economic growth for a quarter century during the post-war years. For more than a century now Economics has witnessed tremendous progress in methods and contents. Unfortunately, over the last two decades it has come under fire. Is there a new transformation underway or Economics has lost its lustre? This short essay tries to address some of such issues.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Transitions Online_News-Around the Bloc-Gazprom Ends Boycott of Turkmen Gas

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 04/23/2019

Though modest, the deal brings a rare ray of hope for Turkmenistan’s shrinking state finances.

More...

Download

Measuring governance performance

Author(s): Takele Bekele Bayu / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2019

The new institutional arrangement, ethnic federalism, adopted since 1991, has helped nation nationalities and people of Ethiopia to administer themselves and develop; promote and protect their distinctive socio-cultural and linguistic identity. Parallel to the establishment of the federal system, various legal and other programs of reforms to enhance good governance and democracy have been initiated and undertaken by the government of Ethiopia. In effect, the objective of this particular paper is to critically analyze good governance performance as per the World Bank Governance Indicator Framework. To address this secondary data source-analysis of relevant documents-was utilized. The paper has found out the following results: Shrinking political landscape has made citizens to develop a kind of attitude that their vote has no power to bring any difference and the political culture “democratic centralism” has made elected government to be accountable for the party channels, instead of ensuring accountability for their constituencies. Perceptions of political and economic marginalization, the existence of huge youth unemployment and resource competition continue to spark conflicts across the country negatively impact peace &security and economic development. Huge interference of politics in the civil service, the highly politicized nature of the public institution, the lack of skilled human personnel, the prevalence of corruption and weak political commitment and weak and vulnerable governance institutions challenged government effectiveness. Poor regulatory quality coupled with state led development orientation has hampered the development and involvement of the private sector particularly in the manufacturing sector. Currently, at all levels of government there is subversion of judicial independence to political interests and in effect one can observe the prevalence of rule by law instead of Rule of Law. Due to lack of democratic culture, the erosion of the rule of law, party monopolization of the economy, as well as the politicization of the civil service, the incidence of grand and petty corruption is on the rise and it continues to be perceived as a pervasive problem. However, the new reformist government since April 2018 initiated ground breaking political, economic, administrative and legal reform to ensure democracy, good governance and development in the country. The paper has an important implication for stakeholders like policy makers, civil society and aid donors who recognize that the quality of governance is fundamental for the success of development program and livelihood improvements. Further, scholars can use the result of this study in their empirical research on the cause and consequences good governance in Ethiopia.

More...

Download

Case study on Sino-US trade friction-Sino-US photovoltaic dispute

Author(s): Jiandong SHI / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2019

Study on the issue of Sino-U.S trade friction is significant .First of all, Sino-U.S trade friction represents confliction of Vertical Trade between north and south. In second, it is helpful to solve the actual trade disputes. Again, a good solution to Sino-U.S trade friction is of in-depth significance in economy, politics and society.It is known that solar photovoltaic, as a smart economic industry, has been attached importance by main countries in the world in terms of either its manufacturing or its application. Especially for today's China with constant deterioration of smog weather and other environment issues, an extra meaning will be added to the activities to develop and popularize the photovoltaic equipment. China’s photovoltaic industry starts not too late but once was developed at low speed, and then with the advent of 21st century, it has been rapidly developed. China’s photovoltaic industry has gained international competitiveness in manufacturing technology, industrial structure, and new product development and so on and once made up half the world market. However, the Sino-U.S trade friction initiated in October, 2010 stops this prosperous view all of a sudden in terms of photovoltaic equipment. The paper elaborated the photovoltaic dispute between China and the U.S., with an analysis of the impact of the dispute on markets, employments and governments, etc. of the two nations. It starts with the investigation to the whole story of Sino-US dispute on photovoltaic, and then the influence of Sino-US dispute on photovoltaic. By the analysis in this paper investigates the opposite implication in Sino-US dispute on photovoltaic completely in an empirical way of economic research. From the Sino-US Photovoltaic Dispute case, it’s available to find out that the anti-dumping and anti-bribery has brought in much more serious loss to US PV industry than that of China. Actually, though the PV dispute between US and China will guarantee the share of work force in the short term for US, it’ll greatly make an influence on the overall amount of trade between China and US and the good opportunity of obtaining the trade surplus from China. Since the trade amount of PV trade between China and US and the development trend seem to have complementary advantage, it has prodigious growth potential. Therefore, the PV trade between China and US will do more good than harm.

More...

Download

E-signature and e-services in Albania

Author(s): Tomço Vilma,Gjolleshi Edlira,PASHAJ Klorenta / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2019

ObjectivesSince 1997, several numbers of directives have been applied to put in power the use electronic signatures in the electronic document. In Albania there has been approved a number of laws and bylaws regulations in this field and in 2009 was established the supervisory authority for electronic signatures, the National Authority for Electronic Certification. In this article will be analyzed the current situation of the usage of e-signature in public and private sector. Then will be reviewed the e-governanment systems using electronic signatures. At the end will be given recommandations stated in the Value section below.Prior workIn June 2014, was approved the new European Regulation known as e-IDAS. Since Albania is non-EU member state aspirant to be member of EU, there is a need to have a mechanisms for building paperless procedures in different sectors. Some efforts to implement e-documents at institutional level are pending, do to the need to use digital signiture and digital seal. ApproachIn order to capture the evidences in this article are used the methods of observation and case study of e-custom, e-prescription and e-permit systems in Albania as well as some draft studies done from international institution. In order to analyze benefits of using e-signature will be shown case studies from EU countries like Austria, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands and France.ResultsAs information technology is developing rapidly, it is necessary to apply innovative, simple and secure methods, such as remote methods. This method, treated as a new concept in European regulation, is used by some EU countries. In this article will be shown the benefits of the remote method and how to apply it.ImplicationsThis article contains implications for the groups of academics, who can use the statics and case studies in order to improve and update their lectures; for researchers who can take to another level the recommendations and for the practitioners who can update their knowledge on e-signature and e-services in Albania.ValueThis article gives recommandations for building a customs system or mechanism for e-documents accompanying import goods, as well as recommendations for increasing the standards of service delivery to the public and private sectors and general recommendation for the use of methodology in the region (replicability aspect) and guidelines for public administration and business how they can improve public services for citizens in the right and secure way.

More...

Download

Information infrastructure of emergency medical service in the smart city solutions

Author(s): LOGVINOV Valerii,MALONOGA Svitlana / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2019

This paper was developed on the base of experience realization of the state pilot project in the field of reform of the emergency medical service (EMS) in the Odessa region (Ukraine). The core idea behind the paper is to propose an information infrastructure that allows medical and other services to get instant messages on problem situations which necessary joint activities for the saving lives of the people. This infrastructure will use for alert about accidents only those service that are needed to perform joint actions to people salvation in the particular situation. For this in the paper is to provide a review, analysis, and identification of opportunities for the EMS community to address information infrastructure developments of emergency medical service as a part of the smart city solutions. Besides, was summarized the overall impact that digital communications, information infrastructure could have on EMS and their influence on how EMS system (in Ukraine it's 112 service ) might operate in the year 2020 and after this period; also proposed a model for how these technologies might be used by EMS system and how digital technologies can help avert the bad interoperability of emergency services– and improve the response on the emergency situation when they do occur.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Компетентностен модел за повишаване качеството на висшето образование

Author(s): Nadia Mironova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The policy to improve the quality of higher education through a relationship with the practice can be sustained through management, which is implemented systematically. The article presents an input-output model of the relationship between a higher education institution and an employer, as well as a methodology for its implementation. The concept of the model defines higher education degree as an “output” of the education system and the competency model of the respective job description as an „ input“ to the working position. The results of the empirical study for the application of the model are presented, and questions on the applicability and limitations of the approach to improving the quality and effectiveness of higher education are outlined.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Specific Peculiarities in Creating the Image of a Higher School

Author(s): Rozalina Baladzhanova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The article discusses and clarifies some specific features in creating the image of a higher school. This issue is not sufficiently detailed and thoroughly researched by Bulgarian public relations specialists. It analyzes the dialectical link between the equilibrium and imbalance in conducting image-based activities within the context of an innovative communication process. There are arguments in support of the belief that, in defeating the corporate image, the attempt to disturb the market equilibrium is more productive, taking into account the attitudes and wish of the public in the motivation consumer process. Examples of higher education are described, confirming the belief that disturbing the balance results in better outcomes. The article examines seven possible sources generating innovative image maker activities that determine the purposeful and systematic nature of creating a university’s image. The complex nature of the corporate image does not allow it to be uniquely appreciated and determined by its audiences - media, in house institutional environment and external consumer environment. The role and significance of the eventful PR are clarified and specific activities related to the realization of the university image are identified.

More...

Download

THE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF E-COMMERCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

Author(s): Ljiljana Zekanović-Korona,Jurica Grzunov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The Internet and Information and Communication Technologies have an important role in changing business and communication. Companies that want to succeed and be competitive on the market have to do business in the virtual world and go through the process of digital transformation. This fact is especially prominent in countries like Croatia, which in the last thirty years have undergone a transition from Socialism to Capitalism. IT specialists from Croatia are highly respected in the world, and many innovative solutions for electronic business operations are being developed in Croatia. Croatia’s role model for application of e-business is Estonia, where the innovative use of IT has caused a significant GDP growth.This paper analyses available official data on the use of the Internet for e-commerce in the Republic of Croatia. Also, for the purpose of this paper, a primary survey was conducted on a random sample of citizens of the Republic of Croatia. The survey was conducted using an online survey questionnaire distributed via social networks and electronic mail, examining the tendency of respondents to use ICT and their attitudes and ways of using e-commerce as a major part of electronic business operations. The purpose of the survey was to compare the obtained results with the official data on the use of e-commerce and ICT in the Republic of Croatia and to determine how much, when and for which needs the respondents used the Internet for shopping. The data obtained through the survey questionnaire were ttack a using different statistical tools in order to extend the knowledge about the motives, ways and intensity of use of e-commerce in the Croatian society.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Teaching Activities and Activity Coefficients: An Alternative Approach

Author(s): Jamil Ahmad / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The article outlines an approach to teaching the concept of activity and activity coefficient starting with the relationship between Gibbs free energy change and pressures of ideal gases for the process of their mixing. The gases are then assumed to be the vapor in equilibrium with a liquid solution, allowing concentrations in the solution to be related to the vapor pressures through Raoult’s or Henry’s laws, appropriately modified to account for any deviation from these laws. Chemical potentials of individual components of the liquid solution are then related to activities, and the expression for the equilibrium constant in terms of activities is developed.

More...

Download

Статукво, предизвикателства и промени в публичната администрация

Author(s): Lyudmil Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The report examines the prerequisites for the emergence of the first university program in public administrationin Bulgaria and the role of New Bulgarian University for the implementation of the administrative reform after 1989. The challenges of this change have been outlined and the expected changes in the sector have been commented on, providing effective and efficient administrative service to citizens and businesses.

More...

Download

Креативните идеи в практическото обучение по туризъм - мотивиращ фактор за знания и умения в индустрията на преживяванията

Author(s): Sonya Aleksieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Achievements in specialized higher training are at the basis of success in developing the tourist business in accordance with world trends. The process of knowledge and competence acquisition by students of tourism is part of the synergy that is expected to exist between theory and practice. The specificity of knowledge taught in tourism as a professional field needs that practical training be more active and attractive, especially in the context of digital competencies required by today’s tourism market. This paper analyzes some creative ideas for practical tourism training at the New Bulgarian University that can motivate students to acquire more knowledge and skills in the experience industry.

More...

Download

Екотуристически атракции в международни дестинации

Author(s): Teodora Rizova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Ecotourism is a type of sustainable tourism, based on nature and usually following certain principles of development and good practices. The publication is a general characteristic of ecotourism. Special attention is paid to protected areas, which are a valuable natural resource and increase the attractiveness of tourists compared to the surrounding areas subject to anthropogenic pressure. The three categories of ecotourism attractions are presented in leading tourist destinations.

More...