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Health Potential for Employment of People to Later Age

Author(s): Rossitsa Rangelova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Increasing life expectancy and ageing population put fiscal challenges facing government programs for social security and create a need for policy to extend the retirement age. The large-scale and long-time worked out project “International Social Security“ (ISS) studies these problems including 12 developed countries in the world. The project is organized by the National Bureau of Economic Research, supported by the National Institute on Ageing of the Population in the United States. The article considers part of the project, in particular empirical work on the seventh stage, which is focused on health as a potential of older people to increase their employment to a later age. The subject of the study is the population aged mainly 55-69. Two alternative methods and an additional approach based on self-assessment of health are applied. The results obtained show that people in pre-retirement and retirement age have significant additional health potential to work to a later age.

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Potential Emigration in Bulgaria and Social Acceptance of Foreign Immigrants in the Country

Author(s): Yordan Kalchev / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

During the last three decades, international migration is a key factor in the demographic development of Bulgaria. Even though its impact decreases in the last few years, it still continues to reduce the Bulgarian population, and, through its selective functions, to introduce significant negative changes in important structures of the population, which are vital for its reproduction and labour power. It is crucial for the implementation of a certain migration policy not only to determine the scales of the migration flows in and out of the country, but also to study the people’s attitude to emigrate; the conditions and drivers that cause the migration processes, and the associated effects and changes in their scale and composition; people’s attitude toward Bulgarian and foreign migrants; other elements in the general migration behaviour. These and other issues are the subject of this paper. The current analysis is based on empirical data from the “Migration and national identity” survey, which was conducted in May 2018.

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Arising Need of Changes in Professional Education and Training System in Bulgaria

Author(s): Adriana Hristova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article is aimed at pointing out the significance and the place of the professional education level of economically active population in modern society. Education and qualifications today turn to become factors attracting increasingly greater attention. The status of national economy and labour market have direct relations with the levels of knowledge, skills and qualifications of economically active persons and to the changes in these. In the same time effective using and distribution of available human resources, of their knowledge and skills is needed as well as improving of the educational and professional training of the population which is a main priority in all EC documents. Results of the analysis and evaluation of the trends in the professional and educational structures of registered unemployed aged to 24 are considered in the article. Size and structures of students in the mainstream and professional schools as well as the reasons for children dropping out of the education system are analyzed.

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Encouraging the Investment Activity in High Value-Added Economic Sectors and Activities in Conditions of Demographic Restrictions of the Labour Force in Bulgaria

Author(s): Iskra Beleva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The decrease in the labor force as a result of the on-going demographic processes of decrease in the natural growth rate of the population and the sustainable emigration raises a series of questions about the possibilities to achieve better balancing of the demand and supply for labor through restructuring of employment. The goal of the study is to conduct an immediate situational analysis of the opinions of the main “players” in the investment process in order to examine, analyze and assess the investment environment and the stimuli for creating more jobs in sectors and activities with higher added value. The main thesis is that creating more jobs with higher productivity of labor and higher wages could be a successful policy for better balancing of the demand and supply of labor, for compensation of the shortage of labor force and for improvement of its quality. The better working conditions and the higher wages are prerequisites for improving the quality of life, which is an important condition for stimulating the reproduction of the population and for decreasing emigration intentions. The study presents economic arguments for the need for more active stimulation of the investments in economic activities and sectors that create higher added value on the basis of an analysis of various aspects of the structure of the economy; created added value; employed labor force; share of highly technological exports in total export and others. The analysis indicates that the dynamic of job creation in sectors that generate added value is not sufficient, which also conditions the lagging behind of the country in a series of indicators for science intensity and innovation in the European space. These conclusions are supplemented by the results from in-depth interviews, conducted with representatives of branch organizations, employers, local authorities and national institutions, which focused on the conditions and stimuli for investment in sectors and activities with high value added. The summary of the voiced opinions and assessments allows for the synthesis of key aspects of policies that encourage the improvement of the environment and stimulate the creation of workplaces in sectors and activities that create higher value added.

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Znaczenie procesu komunikacji pomiędzy biurem turystycznym a klientem

Author(s): Michał Roman,Hanna Kardzialuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the communication process between the tourist office and the client. The paper characterizes the basic definitions and selected models of the theory of the communication process. The survey was conducted in the period from February to April 2020, on a group of 76 clients of the selected tourist office. The respondents were selected at random. A study with the use of an interview questionnaire was also conducted. Its purpose was to answer questions about efficient communication between tourist office employees and their clients. The conversation was direct and individual. The satisfaction with the quality of the communication process between the tourist office employee and the client was determined, as well as the prospects for further cooperation. A smoothly running communication process between tourist office employees and the clients is very important. Every effort should be made to minimize the impact of potential barriers, so that both parties can achieve the intended benefits and will be satisfied with such cooperation. Based on the research, the clients were divided into individual groups. Each group consisted of people who share common personal characteristics and a specific approach to service. In the interview, the topic of a “difficult client” was also raised.

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Wokół elitaryzmu. Trzy przypadki

Author(s): Alina Świeściak / Language(s): English Issue: 28-29/2022

This article examines literary criticism in Poland after 1989 from the dynamic perspective of elites and elitism. Drawing on various elite theories, mainly the more contemporary ones, for which the most important point of reference is Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of distinction, the author shows how these concepts function in relation to the aesthetic and social dominants of the Polish literary scene after 1989. The author analyzes three “critical case studies:” Krzysztof Uniłowski’s article from 2005, a Facebook event related to the “auctioning” of Konrad Góra’s book of poetry in 2020, and recent trends in the language used by the young generation of critics. The author is interested in the relationship between literature and criti-cism and the dominant aesthetic tendencies and the socio-political context, especially the use of the concepts of elites and elitism, be it analytically or persuasively, consciously or unconsciously, positively or negatively, etc.social class exclusivity elitism economy of symbolic exchange

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POSTĘPOWANIE WYWOŁANE WNIESIENIEM SKARGI NA ORZECZENIE KRAJOWEJ IZBY ODWOŁAWCZEJ – ZAGADNIENIA KONSTRUKCYJNE

Author(s): Janusz Kaspryszyn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The effective functioning of the public procurement system is inextricably linked to the proper functioning of legal remedies. Consistency and stability are key elements of an effective complaint and judicial system. Therefore, within the framework of this study, the author evaluates the current construction of the judicial proceedings triggered by the filing of a complaint against the decision of the National Board of Appeals. The study, using the dogmatic-legal method, with reference to the theory of law and the practice of its application, is aimed at determining whether the formation of the complaint procedure is currently optimal. The course of complaintjudicial proceedings within the framework of public procurement is regulated to a basic extent on three statutory levels: the Law on Public Procurement, the Code of Civil Procedure, and the Law on Special Arrangements for Preventing, Counteracting and Combating COVID-19, Other Communicable Diseases and Emergencies Caused by Them. The interpenetration of these procedural regulations will always pose a threat to the proper course of proceedings. The study pays special attention to remote proceedings in civil proceedings, restrictions on the openness of court actions, the abandonment of the collegiality of the panel of judges, and signals the problem of appealing the orders of the court of public procurement. Consequently, it is pointed out that basing the system of judicial review on these three statutory pillars appears to pose a threat to the effective implementation of judicial legal protection in public procurement. The findings and assessments presented here can be viewed as a plea for legislative work aimed at amending the complaint-court procedure.

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Humanistyka węglowa w kręgu energii kontrindustrialnych

Author(s): Marta Tomczok / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2022

The article presents the project of coal humanities, a multidisciplinary area of knowledge about coal, which takes into account the achievements in geology and mining, presented from the perspective of human-non-human relations, and located in energy and post-human studies. Against this background, the author first analyses the most common representations of coal in art and literature, related to industry, to show that in the mid-twentieth century, attempts were made to depart from them and create a critical reflection in Polish poetry and painting, which would be a reaction to the forced mining of coal, important for Polish economy and politics. Examples of counter-industrial representations of “green coal” are provided by the paintings of a miner from KWK “Moszczenica,” Ludwik Holesz, and the poet Bolesław Lubosz, born in Tarnowskie Góry. Both artists create visions of Carboniferous nature, try to revive coal and see something more than a raw material in it, e.g. a non-human being, a plant, and organic elements.

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Nowy Eden. Wpływ ogrodnika i jego dzieła – ogroduna proces zmian klimatycznych

Author(s): Eliza Grzelak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2022

On the 21st of May 2019 the Anthropocene Working Group has concluded that a new geological era in Earth’s history has begun—the Anthropocene. The author of the article has deduced that an interdisciplinary discourse regarding climate change should not omit human gardening activity. The Anthropocene is called an epoch of repression, short-sightedness and irreversible loss, which is shown in the work of many modern amateur gardeners. The author presents a vision of two gardens: one that has been made in a harmony of human and nature and one that is dominated solely by humans. In her article she contrasts the information from gardening guidebooks with the knowledge of amateur gardeners found in social media. The point of the article is to show the direction of modern gardening. By analysing selected texts, the author seeks an answer to the following question: are the gardeners, who see climate change, able to break out of their apathy and start to work for the environment or will they rather just continue doing what they are doing now?

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Новият конкурентен пейзаж в сегмента "Частно банкиране и управление на богатството"

Author(s): Plamen Dzhaparov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

Although many competitors have always coexisted in the wealth management business, large banks are usually the dominant market player. It is difficult to refute this claim today, but it is a fact that in the last decade there has been a serious shift in the industry. An additional catalyst for this proccess is the Covid-19 pandemic. This change is mainly embodied by the renaissance of the business models of some of the traditional market participants (boutique private banks and family offices) and the emergence of new competitors (WealthTech companies). The aim of the author of this article is to present the competitive landscape in the segment "Private Banking and Wealth Management", focusing on the drivers of its gradual transformation, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of leading market participants.

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Нагласи на поколението Z за работа в компании от индустрията на бърза мода в България

Author(s): Daniel Vasilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

Generation Z are steadily entering the job market. One of the preferred spheres for career start, which can be combined with the studies at the university and their personal life, is the fast fashion. The aim of this survey is to understand the Generation Z’s attitudes and expectations towards the job in the biggest fast fashion companies by revenue, operating in Bulgaria (Inditex, H&M Group и LC Waikiki). Three focus groups with representatives of Generation Z, employed in the fast fashion sphere in Bulgaria are examined. The results are they prefer working in a place that has clear communication between employees, standards for the job, flexible schedule, career opportunities and the possibility to take part of making business-related decisions. Because businesses want to retain people form Z, they need to adapt to the new environment.

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European Green Deal: The Transformation of Consumer Behaviour and Business Marketing Communication as Opportunities to Increase Consumer Involvement in the Sorting of Waste in Latvia

Author(s): Kristine Blumfelde-Rutka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The European Green Deal is the European Union’s latest expression of its ambition to become a world leader in addressing climate change (Kleinberga, 2020). Adaptation to climate change (CCh) is a key priority of the European Union (EU), exemplified by the EU’s efforts to become“ the first climate-neutral continent” (European Union, 2019) in the world by 2050. This article aims to analyse opportunities to increase consumer involvement in the context of waste sorting and climate change in Latvia, based on theoretical knowledge about consumer behaviour and empirical data analysis, to develop recommendations for marketing communication and consumer behaviour in the context of climate change content for waste management companies. There is a necessity to understand how to increase consumer involvement in waste-sorting due to the increasing amount of waste both in Latvia and the rest of the world. The following research methods have been used: the monographic method, secondary data analysis, the discourse analysis/coding method, the graphical method, and the qualitative method – a focus group interview. The most significant barriers that discourage consumers from sorting waste are the lack of infrastructure, the lack of information on how to sort waste properly and waste’s environmental impact, as well as the complex system that allows for differences in waste-sorting between municipalities and even neighbourhoods in the same city. Recommendations were developed as a result of the research for waste management companies in terms of communication, NGOs on education, and information for consumers, businesses, and waste management companies.

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Healthcare Companies Performance before and during Covid-19: Empirical Evidence from 150 companies in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore

Author(s): Christy FLORENCE,Yanuar Nanok Soenarno / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

The aim of this study is analyzing the effects of Economic Value Added (EVA) and Cash Value Added (CVA) on firm performance, also analyzing whether COVID-19 pandemic affected the firm performance of listed healthcare companies in South-east Asia countries significantly. The objective of this study is to see if healthcare sectors company are really a better option for investors in this time, especially because of the emergence of COVID-19. The firm performance in this study was measured with Market Value Added (MVA). This study took samples of listed healthcare companies from three South-east Asia countries, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The study samples included 16 samples from 16 Indonesian Healthcare companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), 13 samples from 19 Malaysian Healthcare companies listed in the Bursa Malaysia, and 23 samples from 33 Singaporean Healthcare companies listed in the Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX), the total samples used were of 150 companies. The samples used in this study are from selected companies representing the whole segment. All samples were based on the informations provided in their annual report ended per 31 December. Multi regression analysis method was applied in this study to determine the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the listed healthcare companies’ performance. Based on the tests conducted for this study, it is found that EVA and CVA have a positive significant effect on MVA. However, there was no significant difference found between MVA before and during COVID-19 pandemic.

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War and Food (In)security – A Lesson from the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict

Author(s): Angela Iacovino,Alessandro Andreotti,Sara Rago / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has implemented legitimate fears of a global crisis and further and inevitably aggravating existing food-security challenges. The international community is being called upon to take targeted action to address the rapidly-evolving, resultant scenarios, making it essential to go beyond immediate interim measures and to re-examine the agricultural and energy policies that underpin our global economy. This article, without any claim to exhaustiveness, examines the inevitable link between war and the dynamics related to food security. In the first instance, a theoretical-interpretative key of the logics of violent conflicts that generate a relevant impact on global food supplies and food (in)security is provided, within the broader framework of the dynamics related to the instability of international relations which hinder the supply of energy resources and determine the volatility of general price levels. In the concluding section, there is reflection crossed reference to the ongoing Russia/Ukraine conflict as well as the devastating consequences on global food systems, already put under stress by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Aplicarea modelării ARDL în cazul șocurilor structurale globale și impactul dinamic al acestora asupra ISD

Author(s): Adelina-Andreea Siriteanu,Erika-Maria Doacă / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2023

In general, sustainable economic growth is highly dependent on technological progress, managerial knowledge, and money supply in the economy. Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused structural shocks to economic systems by increasing high economic uncertainty. For this reason, policymakers are exploring alternative measures to stimulate economic growth. And among these alternative measures we also find foreign direct investment, which represents an instrument widely used worldwide. There is a trend among foreign investors that they increasingly focus on the quality of institutions, especially on FDI policies in domestic countries. For this reason, governments of developing countries are increasingly adopting soft policies to attract FDI. Generally, the policies provide substantial taxation provisions. Thus, by stimulating foreign direct investment in global economic operations, short- and long-term growth is achieved. The beneficial effects of FDI are given by their unprecedented impact on achieving sustainability worldwide. The motivation of this study is to scale the effects of environmental quality and good governance on FDI inflows in European Union member countries for the period 2002-2021. We used the estimation of autoregressive distributed lag and error correction models to investigate the association and elasticity of explanatory variables on FDI inflows in EU member countries. Thus, as independent variables we use CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption and the sum of exports and imports of goods and services. Environmental degradation comes from the depletion of resources by human activity, and ultimately this leads to increased costs and depletion of capital. As a result, environmental quality is crucial to the health of both people and businesses. In the recent economic booms, international trade needs serious attention to form new policies to invite more foreign investors. And as control variables we introduce Government effectiveness index and Gross capital formation. We introduce these variables because it is believed that weak institutional capacity can have a negative impact on economies. The study results suggest that government efficiency and a less regulated environmentally concerned economy drive capital transfer decisions.

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Transpunerea angajaților în ambasadori de brand: studiu calitativ pentru patru companii din Durres și Tirana

Author(s): Ilindena Sotirofski / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2023

The main aim of this study is to investigate some of the strategies that four companies of different sizes in Durres and Tirana Municipalities use for turning their employees into brand ambassadors. It is inevitable for the success of an organization to be measured by the importance that the organization gives to its employees. Employees are considered a significant asset of the organization: thus, they must be treated accordingly. Organizations must pay attention to the complex and increasing demands of their customers. In this regard, managers have to realize the importance and role of the employees in meeting the customer’s demands. Employees represent the image of an organization, which is why activating new strategies and techniques that optimize the workforce efforts would help achieve the organization’s vision and mission. Under these considerations, four face-to-face interviews were conducted with the owners or HR Managers, or Marketing Managers of one shipping agency, one medium-sized production company in Durres, one big-sized production company, and one company that offers telecommunications services in Tirana, Albania. This study first underlines the importance of evaluating marketing and brand management objectives, and afterward explores the strategies that these companies use for turning their employees into brand ambassadors. Within the framework of this study, the advantages of turning employees into brand ambassadors and the problems that the companies face have been examined. The research results show that the motivation of companies to turn their employees into brand ambassadors is high, but most companies lack proper strategies. One of the big-sized companies chooses to turn into brand ambassadors only those employees who accept or have an interest in using their personal social media in this regard and/or have a great curiosity in marketing and technology.

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Role of the Higher Economic Education for the Development of Economic Activity in Varna

Author(s): Darina Dimitrova,Diana Dimitrova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article examines the role of the higher economic education in the Higher School of Commerce, which was founded by entrepreneurs and whose successor is the University of Economics - Varna, for the training of highly qualified personnel for the economy and for the development of economic activity in the region. The Higher School of Commerce was opened by Order No. 7177 of 28 September 1920 of the Minister of Commerce, but even before the opening of the first Bulgarian universities, Bulgarians began to seek to acquire knowledge for the needs of the developing commercial activity during the Renaissance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between higher economic education and entrepreneurship - at the time of the establishment of the Higher school and our modern times - in the light of a historical overview. The practical necessity of analyzing the tendencies and challenges for the future development of the university stems from its contribution to the training and professional realization of student-economists. In conclusion and as a result of the research, conclusions and summaries are made regarding the role of the higher economic education for the economic development of the Varna region.

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ANALYTICAL ROLE OF TRUST IN MICROFINANCE SUCCESS IN EAST AFRICAN COUNTRIES

Author(s): Edwins Edson Odero / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2022

East Africa is an emerging market that has the potential to position the sub-Saharan Africa in the global context through the diverse and robust resources. One of the core drivers of economic feasibility and market metrics in the region is the effective development of microfinance across such countries as Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. The region’s economic environment is characterized with increased value-addition approaches to its agricultural sector and having the significant approaches to instill the relevant success connotations to diversify the industries including the informal sectors. The microfinance borrowers and users have the definite and expanded market in east Africa that conform to the needs of the people and align to the policies in the context of sustainable outcomes. Trust is a crucial virtue in understanding the effectiveness of microfinance in east African countries, including the critical assessment of the challenges and solutions. A publication on the subject requires that the roles of trust among the microfinance institutions and the stakeholders such as consumers and the government agencies are crucial part of the sustainable management practices (Odera, 2013). The focus of the discussion is on the roles of trust in ascertaining the success of microfinance in east African countries.

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PUBLIC SECTOR/EXPENDITURE REFORMS AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Author(s): U. C. Okolie / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2022

This paper reviews Nigeria’s experience with economic reforms and outlines major policy measures that have been implemented. The paper also addresses three main issues in the public sector of the Nigeria economy, namely, problems in the management of public expenditure, constraints in the implementation of policy reforms to overcome the management problems and prospects of successful implementation of policy reforms, it concludes that given the level of performance of the reform effort, its success may depend on the reform of the public sector financial reporting system by adopting an accounting system that is suitable for measuring performance.

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International Trade and Imperial Precursors: The Evolution of a New Nigerian Economy in the 19th and 20th Centuries

Author(s): Abdulrasheed Abdulyakeen,Abdullahi Isma’eel Muktar / Language(s): English Issue: 55/2023

Capitalism has perpetuated class antagonism which breeds dissatisfaction amongst people in a bid to seek equality and justice in the distribution of power and economic resources. This study analyses International Trade and Imperial Precursors into the New Nigerian Economy in the 19th and 20th Century. Using data generated from secondary sources and descriptive analysis, it has been realized that the Nigerian economic elite play negative role in the economic dependency processes of the country. Finding also reveals that, Government policies in Nigeria are foreign oriented in nature, therefore, favoring foreign western economies at the detriment of Nigerian interest. The study conclude that there is a need to channel our energies to producing for internal needs and consumptions but these calls for a change in the values of principle of the indigenes, there are far too many acts of indiscipline and self–indulgence on the part of the generality of our people in all the starter of our society.

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