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TTIP’s Monetary Clause Muddle

Author(s): Maria Dunin-Wąsowicz,Katarzyna Żukrowska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

We argue that TTIP negotiations, which are focused on improving conditions for mutual trade and investments between the U.S. and the EU, have overlooked the issue of the influence of monetary and exchange rate policies of both sides on the potential results of a prospective agreement. Thus we demonstrate that the agreement should have been supplemented by a monetary clause (MC) in order to avoid a possible mismatch between U.S. and EU currencies. Such a clause, and no other possible currency related legal instruments, should be broad, and aim to regulate the bond between the dollar and the euro. It can work as a convenient springboard to invigorate the multilateral trade system via the institutional nexus of the IMF, WTO, OECD or G-20. The clause can make the agreement as important for strategic relations between the U.S. and the EU as the Treaty of Rome was for the rise of European integration.

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Ukraine’s Innovation-Driven Economic Development: Institutional Challenges

Author(s): Liubov Artemenko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

This paper studies the link between innovative development, institutional arrangements and economic performance in Ukraine. The research investigates whether, and to what extent, institutional arrangements in Ukraine influence its innovation-driven economic development, and how this impact can be measured for the whole economy and for a specific sector (IT). The research aims to discover how the pillars of the National Innovation System (NIS) and their interactions in the dynamic perspective influence the innovative development of Ukraine in general, and of the IT sector in particular. Mixed method research is applied in the paper. Empirical research is employed to test the causative effect of the pillars of Ukraine’s NIS on innovative development and to model the relationship between the explanatory and response variables. Qualitative research is then presented, in the form of responses to in-depth interviews with the personnel of IT companies, to support or contradict the results of empirical research.

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ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UNIVERSITY: A LOGIT METHODOLOGICAL EVALUATION IN AN EMERGING ECONOMY

Author(s): Grace Rodríguez Loor,Guzmán A. Muñoz-Fernández / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Self-employment has now become one of the most important access routes to the labor market in emerging economies. In these countries, the role of women entrepreneurs is fundamental not only for their economic development but also to fight against the gender gap. The university, as an institution, is a hub of potential entrepreneurs, which could help reduce these differences. This work explores if there is a gender gap in the inclination towards entrepreneurship among university students from a developing country (Ecuador) and the determining factors of entrepreneurial intention by gender. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study analyzes the moderating role of gender in university entrepreneurship. Multivariate logit regression was used to examine motivational factors (personal attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) that favor entrepreneurial intention. The data reveals that entrepreneurial intention is lower among female students. The determinants of entrepreneurial intention are different by gender. The study contributes to a better understanding of the role of gender in entrepreneurial behavior.

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Relația dintre raportarea sustenabilității și performanța companiilor. Evidențe din sectorul energetic european

Author(s): Pompei Mititean,Nicoleta-Florina Sărmaș / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 6/2023

This article examines the relationship between corporate sustainability, as measured by the combined environmental, social and governance (ESG) and individual scores, and corporate performance of companies operating in the European energy sector. Due to the new EU regulation, companies must adopt strategies regarding environmental, social and governance activities, elaborating an integrated report that shows investors how they are involved in social issues and environmental concerns. This study is based on a quantitative research method which involves using an econometric model and running a multiple linear regression. The data used was collected from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database and covers the period 2017-2021. The identified results are mixed. There is a positive, but statistically insignificant relationship between ESG, ENV, SOC and ROA, while there is a negative and significant relationship between GOV and ROA at the 0.05 level. ENV and SOC scores have a strong negative and significant impact on ROE, and ESG and GOV do not show a significant relationship with it. Additionally, ESG has a significant positive impact on Tobin’s Q ratio, and ENV and SOC have a significant positive impact on it. This research can help investors and other stakeholders have an overview of the energy sector in which they can direct their investment strategies.

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Reguli privind ieșirea din sistemul de impunere pe veniturile microîntreprinderilor în cursul anului fiscal

Author(s): Lucian Cernuşca / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 6/2023

Once the Government Ordinance No. 16/2022 occurred, the Tax Code underwent a series of important changes, among them the microenterprises income taxation regime being also aimed. In order to emphasize the changes occurred since 1 January 2023, this article aims to present a series of theoretical and practical situations that may take place during the tax year regarding the exit from the microenterprises income taxation system.

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Green Image and Incentives: Unraveling Their Moderating Impact on Green Innovations, Investor Perception and Financial Performance

Author(s): Mayank Jain / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2023

This study examines the linkages between technological green innovations, financial performance and investor enthusiasm in listed Indian manufacturing firms, a context under-represented in extant literature. It aims to address the gap in understanding how investor enthusiasm drives the adoption of green innovation practices and their subsequent impact on financial performance. Moreover, the study investigates the moderating effects of green image and green production incentives, providing comprehensive insights into adopting environmentally sustainable practices. Using a quantitative analysis approach, the research uncovers that green process innovation positively influences green product innovation, contributing to financial performance and investor enthusiasm. However, it also reveals that macroeconomic factors and consumer purchasing power challenge green process innovation. Unexpectedly, no empirical evidence supports the moderation effect of green image between green production incentives and investor enthusiasm. Overall, the study contributes to a better understanding of the complex interplay between green innovation, financial performance and investor enthusiasm in the Indian manufacturing context. The findings hold significant implications for practitioners, policymakers and investors towards fostering a more sustainable future for the Indian manufacturing sector. Future research directions include further exploring dynamic relationships, incorporating other types of green innovations, and considering additional metrics for financial performance and investor enthusiasm.

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Стандарти за инженерно образование

Author(s): Tereza Stefanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 9/2022

Professions such as engineering, architecture, medicine and others are related to work that directly affects the life of society. The engineering profession is rapidly changing and extremely responsible, and requires rigorous assessment of the competence and commitment of engineering professionals. Therefore, various associations, organizations, authorized agencies of institutions of higher education, etc. set and maintain standards that are internationally recognized and relevant to the industry. The article examines organizations related to accreditation and quality assurance in engineering education in Europe and beyond, and highlights the most important features of the EUR-ACE system. The article shows data on engineering programs with the EUR-ACE label in some EU countries and Bulgaria. A brief description of the knowledge, competencies, skills and abilities that bachelor's and master's degree graduates should possess in their engineering field is provided.

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Разпределение, мобилност и недостиг на глобалната здравна работна сила

Author(s): Lora Georgieva,Ivaylo Mitkovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

Introduction: Health care has been taken since the beginning of the human race. With the development of human civilization, activities are differentiated and professions are distinguished. Aim: The purpose of the article is to present the diversity of health professions, the distribution of the global health work- force, and the deficits impeding the accessibility of health care among the global population. Material and methods: International literary sources and data related to the subject have been analyzed. Results and discussion: Health care work is carried out by persons with different qualifications and professional orientation who perform medical and non-medical activities. The free movement of people in the globalizing world gives health workers the opportunity to realize themselves professionally wherever they want, but at the same time it creates a shortage of certain professions in some regions. The population growth, population ageing as well as the ageing of the health professionals lead to increasing needs for health personnel. Conclusion: Health inequalities in different parts of the world are exacerbating by shortages and uneven distribution of the health workforce.

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Устойчивост на човешките ресурси в здравеопазването

Author(s): Milena Vladimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The report highlights the urgency of the human resource problem and it’s sustainability in the global healthcare and at home. The main goal is to highlight the issues about the state of human resources as an acute shortage of nurses and doctors in some clinical specialties, as well as regional differences, migration and other. Aim: The purpose of the article is to present the diversity of health professions, the distribution of the global health work- force, and the deficits impeding the accessibility of health care among the global population. Material and methods: Documentary method and descriptive statistics are applied. Results: An assessment of the role of the implemented measures in terms of human resources in national and European healthcare documents for the period 2015-2020 was carried out. In the recent years the awareness about the critical role of human resources has increased in strengthening the effectiveness and sustainability of the health system in the direction of improving the health outcomes of the population. Conclusions: Follow up actions are necessary – legal and normative, economic, social-psychological and others from the ministry of Health, municipalities, central and local authorities, as well as the participation of all professional organizations. Conclusion: Follow up actions are necessary – legal and normative, economic, social-psychological and others from the ministry of Health, municipalities, central and local authorities, as well as the participation of all professional organizations.

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BRAND IMAGE, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTIONS IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF NIGERIA: CAN SERVICE QUALITY STRENGTHEN THE RELATIONSHIP

Author(s): Ojeleye Calvin,Mustapha Abdullahi,Umar Obafemi Salisu,Mutiu BAKARE / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The marketing concept holds that the key to realizing the goals of the organization lies in the ability of the organization in creating, delivering and communicating customer value to the target market more effectively compared to the competitors. This research examined brand image, and customer satisfaction as determinants of purchase intention with the moderating role of service quality. A quantitative research which employed both survey and cross-sectional research designs. The study has an infinite population with a sample size of 422. Purposive sampling techniques were employed in the process of administering the copies of questionnaires to respondents. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was utilised to ascertain the hypothesised relationship. The findings of the study suggested that brand image, customer satisfaction and service quality have a positive and significant effect on purchase intentions. In addition, service quality significantly moderated the relationship between brand image and purchase intentions and customer satisfaction and purchase intentions. The study recommends that managers should improve service quality in clients' views, such as improving banking facilities, commitments to the customer, the interaction between the staff and the client, being ready to listen to the concerns of customers, and being prepared to solve the problems of customers.

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CRUDE OIL PRICE FLUCTUATIONS AND MANUFACTURING SECTOR PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA (1981 - 2019)

Author(s): Babatunde Adekunle Okuneye,Peter Olugbenga OLUWO / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Nigeria’s high import of manufactured products and the weak export of processed goods are indications of the palpable weakness of the sector. The paper examines the response of manufacturing performances to crude oil price fluctuations in Nigeria and considered annual data in Nigeria from 1981 to 2019. The paper evaluates fluctuation in crude oil price in relation to manufacturing sector performance in Nigeria. Hence, the need to find solution to the crude oil price fluctuations becomes inevitable. The data set was estimated using dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) as the series is a mixture of me (0) and me (1). However, ex post facto research design was employed to realize the first objective. Phillips Perron and Bounds test were carried out to evaluate the F-statistic against the critical values. The results show that physical investment had negative value (-0.0466) and was significant at (1%) on manufacturing performance; also oil price fluctuations had negative value (-0.1399). Therefore, policy makers need to engage the Governments to create enabling environment and regulate the distortions in the crude oil price for manufacturing sector.

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Afectarea piețelor bursiere europene de către războiul ruso-ucrainean

Author(s): Dan-Mihai Dima / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2022

In this research paper I will present the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war on the European stock markets by means of stock indexes. The period of analysis is 24 february 2022 – 25 march 2022. In the first half I will show the positions of the stock markets before the beginning of the war. In the second half I will present the real evolution of the top 5 most important european stock indexes in the selected time frame, at the same time analyzing the stock indexes of the russian stock market – Moscow Exchange for the same period of time. Through this paper, I will show the major influence of the political-economic decision taken by the EU and USA on the European stock indexes.

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Analiza performanței financiare și bursiere a companiilor din sectorul bancar

Author(s): Vanesa-Daniela Ungureanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2022

The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of the profitability of the banking sector in the selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe, over a 10-year time horizon. The sample contains 18 commercial banks from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Estonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary. As for the empirical analysis, it is based on the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression with panel data for annual data between 2010 and 2020. To analyze the financial performance of the banking sector, we used return on assets (ROA), average return on assets (ROAA), return on equity (ROE) and net margin for interest (NIM), while for the stock market performance analysis we used the Market to Book Ratio (M/B) indicator.

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Impactul politicii fiscale asupra creșterii economice. Analiză comparativă în cadrul submodelelor Uniunii Europene

Author(s): Andra-Ștefania Moacă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2022

The study of the relationship between fiscal policy and economic growth has received much attention from economists and researchers. The question of whether or not fiscal policy stimulates economic growth has dominated theoretical and empirical debates for a long time. The present study examined the impact of fiscal policy, measured by the main fiscal policy instruments, on economic growth within the European Union in the period 2000-2020. The European development model is focused on a high level of equity, insurance, and social protection. According to analysts, within the European Union today there are five sub-models of economic development: Nordic, Continental, Southern, and Catching-up. The problem of the study focusses on the answer to the following question: What is the effect of fiscal policy on economic growth under the Nordic and Catching-up submodels, measured according to the main categories of fiscal revenues and government expenditures? Also, the study aims to make some comparisons regarding fiscal policy measures within the two analysed sub-models. The study used multiple linear regression and the least squares method (OLS) to test the hypotheses analysed. Thus, two econometric models were created to capture the impact of taxes, fees, and categories of government spending on economic growth.

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Обособяването на трите приоритета на европейската енергийна политика

Author(s): Victor Avramov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The liberalization of the energy markets in the EU is the result of the understanding that their efficiency is not possible within vertically integrated monopolies. This text shows that the EU energy policy priorities can be explained using a “standard” framework for the liberalization process. The experience of its implementation is important in the implementation of reforms in the energy sector today.

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Empirical Research on Financial Efficiency and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author(s): Ayine Nigo,Vincent Gibogwe / Language(s): English Issue: 1(3)/2023

This study contributes to the literature on financial efficiency and growth. Given the increase in domestic credit, we show evidence of the effects of controlling institutional variables. The domestic credit is adverse, with an insignificant effect on per capita income growth. We make two observations from our findings. First, the negative but insignificant coefficients of the measure of bank credit across all model specifications seem to go against the supply-leading hypothesis, as financial development hurts economic growth; nevertheless, given that the impact is insignificant, this draws more into a neutrality hypothesis of no effect. Second, the findings are likely indications of the underdeveloped state of sub-Saharan Africa's financial system, implying that the present state of the financial systems is not robust enough to be a contributory drive towards enhancing economic growth in the region. However, all models have positive control variables (Inflation and gross fixed capital formation). All coefficients of interactions between credit and institutional quality are statistically insignificant (negative in four of six models).

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Assessment of the Experiences of Higher Education Institution on Online Learning: The Case of Some Selected Institutions

Author(s): Aderajew Mihret Tessema,Laura Nicola-Gavrilă / Language(s): English Issue: 1(3)/2023

Thanks to COVID-19, e-learning has become one of the platforms for the teaching-learning activity in Ethiopia. Many high schools and higher institutions tried to manage to not disrupt the academic calendar by providing learning materials, mainly focusing on contents and exercises, via an electronic platform, Telegram. E-learning, also referred to as online learning, is an educational technological tool embracing self-motivation, communication, efficiency, and technology and it is becoming the default of 5th generation of Distance Education. In online learning, active engagements of the learner and the instructor are expected while the teaching-learning process is going on. The engagement can be either using off video text exchanging or video conferencing on platforms like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, MOODLE, etc. This study was designed to assess the experiences of selected HEIs (American College of Technology, Yardstick International College, ET Online College, and Unity University) in their establishing phase of the online learning program. Structured interview questions were forwarded to the principals of the institutions to get answers to the research questions which were framed from the rubrics of HERQA. The study found out that ‘digital contents’ seemed to be lacking the attributes which are ascribed by the experts of the field.

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The Potential of ICT Tools for Achieving Better Achievement in Learning English for Specific Purposes in the Context of Hybrid Learning

Author(s): Doloris BEŠIĆ-VUKAŠINOVIĆ,Snežana Bešić / Language(s): English Issue: 1(3)/2023

Educational technology as an interdisciplinary field whose subject of study is the effective use of modern technology in education is very significant when we talk about changes within the educational system. Bearing in mind that educational technology includes both means and procedures used in the teaching and learning process, the goal of its application is to increase the efficiency of the teaching process itself, as well as student achievement in learning. The paper is based on the assumption that the application of ICT tools in the teaching ESP has the potential to contribute to the success of students in mastering the desired material. The research subject of this paper is the examination of the impact of the application of information and communication technologies in teaching on the learning ESP vocabulary at the academic level in the context of hybrid learning. With the aim of examining the mentioned impact, a survey was conducted on a convenient sample of 50 first-year students of the Faculty of Business Studies and Law and the Faculty of Information Technology and Engineering, UNION University "Nikola Tesla" in Belgrade. The obtained results are contrary to our expectations that teaching organized with the help of ICT will lead to a significant progress of the experimental group compared to the control group on the knowledge retest and indicate that although teaching generally leads to progress in the achievement of students of both groups, the use of ICT in teaching, in the way it was performed in this research makes no difference in terms of that progress.

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Prawa rzeczowe przysługujące obywatelom Ukrainy na tle obowiązujących w Polsce norm kolizyjnych

Author(s): Jacek Górecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2023

Mass inflow of Ukrainian citizens into Poland gives rise to many legal issues, including conflict-of-law questions about rights in rem held by such persons both in respect of property left in Ukraine and property brought to Poland. In the context of the prolonged stay of such persons in Poland, one crucial task may be, for example, to establish the law applicable to the disposal of their property brought to Poland under legal acts made in Poland. The Agreement between the Republic of Poland and Ukraine on legal aid and legal relationships in civil and criminal matters, done at Kiev on 24 May 1993, applicable in Polish-Ukrainian relations, devotes several provisions to those questions. However, the Agreement ignores the question of the law applicable to property law relationships having movable items as their objects. In particular, it does not designate the law applicable to contracts transferring the ownership of movable assets and contracts encumbering such assets with limited rights in rem. The relevant norms in this regard are conflict-of-law rules of the Polish Act of 04 February 2011 — Private International Law, and of the Ukrainian conflict-of-law Act of 23 June 2005, designating the law applicable to property. Accordingly, as long as movable items are located in Poland, Polish law will apply with regard to the respective property law relationships. This is provided for in Article 41 (1) of the Private International Law Act. However, Polish law will not apply to obligational and property rights having as their object immovable properties located in Ukraine, which is covered by Article 32 of the Agreement of 24 May 1993. In this regard, Ukrainian law is exclusively applicable. Under Article 41 (2) of the Private International Law Act, in the assessment of legal relationships relating to a movable property brought to Poland from Ukraine, one should also consider legal events taking place when the asset in question was still in Ukraine. However, the assessment of legal events having an impact on property law relationships taking place in Poland and relating to movable items brought back to Ukraine will be based on the Ukrainian law.

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Еволюция на доверието в парите през вековете

Author(s): Vania Hadjieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Historically, money has emerged as a universal intermediary to value the value of goods exchanged. Throughout its thousand-year history, money can be perceived as a conduit of trust / distrust of market participants to issuers of money in different eras and in different economic and social situations. The millennial history of money allows us to trace the changes that occur in the process of money development.

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