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До многих неспоразума и потешкоћа долази у Југославији услед непознаванја ствари и прилика. Овамо спада, како ми се чини и питање словеначког језика. Пристајем уз израз словеначки, премда сами Словенци говоре словенски јер држим да је најзгодније да проводимо што више можемо и свуда правилне облике: југословенски, Јужни Словени, и Словени уопће, место Славени.
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L’auteur a essayé dans cette contribution de montrer, sur un certain nombre de toponymes, la méthodologie de la recherche des nouvellesles solutions se rapportant à ces problèmes (il y s'agit đ’un côté des nouveaux exemples qui ne sont pas jusqu’à présent examinés, et de l’autre côté de la révision de quelques interprétations antérieures). L ’auteur a essayé de prouver l’importance de l’analyse détaillée de ces termes toponymiques. Il est possible de la faire à l’aide de la reconstruction phonétique de la langue des indigènes balkaniques avec lesquels se sont rencontrés nos ancêtres slaves. On peut identifier quelquefois précisément l’origine des indigènes, et quelque part on ne peut que pressentir quelle était la racine de leur ancêtres dans leur passé lointain. L ’auteur y a identifié, par l’analyse des termes toponymiques, les indigènes de l’appartenance iliyrienne, qui ont laissé leurs traces dans la toponomastique (par ex..:Mataruge, Macavure et ensuite Botun, Bobotov kuk etc). Traitant les exemples de l’origine slave autochtone, l’auteur a voulu souligner le fait que les indigènes ont transformé quelques de nos prononciations suivant leur structure phonétique, et nos ancêtres ont accepté ensuite ces formes de prononciation (par ex. l’analyse des formes sijan, šljunak provenant de notre forme slave élën). Nos ancêtres ont accepté les prononciations des indigènes, comme par ex. Durmitor et Zcièno. On peut montrer sur plusieurs exemples comment la prononciation actuelle peut tromper: trouver facilement la solution mais irréelle (par ex. Bezuje). L ’auteur soutient l’opinion que le chercheur doit s'efforcer de contempler le terrain sur lequel se trouve le toponyme en question (un exemple illustratif est le toponyme monténégrin Pješivci et l’autre bosniaque- dalmate Pješivica, ensuite Tjentište et les autres).
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The review of: Kauko, Mikko, Miika Norro, Kirsi-Maria Nummila, Tanja Toropainen & Tuomo Fonsén, eds. 2019. Languages in the Lutheran Reformation. Textual Networks and the Spread of Ideas. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 303 p. ISBN 978 94 6298 155 3.
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The article examines the history of the four words found in the Muscovite diplomatic correspondence: mevati ‘to have’, menovati ‘to call, to name’, metsja ‘to feel yourself; to live’, meškaniec ‘inhabitant’. The author aims at proving that these words are lexical borrowings from Polish language. The study is based on a careful comparison of data of various types of dictionaries of the Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Polish languages, which made it possible to prove the insincerity of these tokens in the Russian language and to establish the source of borrowing, as well as to identify the intermediary role written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Polish-Russian language contacts. The materials in this publication can be used to supplement and clarify the information of the etymological and historical dictionaries of the Slavic languages.
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Осенью 2019 г. в Вильнюсе состоялась II международная научная конференция цикла “Литургические языки христианской Европы”, организованная Центром междисциплинарных исследований славянской книжности Института славяноведения РАН, Кафедрой славянских языков и культур факультета иностранных языков и регионоведения МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова, Кафедрой русской филологии Института языков и культур Балтии филологического факультета Вильнюсского университета при поддержке Православной Церкви в Литве. Конференция была посвящена важной для славистики дате — 400-летию выхода в свет “Грамматiки славенския правилное Сvнтагма” Мелетия Смотрицкого в Евье (совр. Вевис) в 1619 г., знаменовавшего новый важный этап в развитии славянской лингвистической мысли.
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The first Croatian phraseological dictionary, compiled in German under the title Verschiedene sprichwörtliche Redensarten was published as a part of the conversational manual accompanying the last published grammar of the Kajkavian literary language, Grammatik der kroatischen Mundart. Its author, Ignac Kristijanović, had accomplished this pioneering undertaking against the contemporary practice, listing the idioms as separate phraseological units in form of a small phraseological dictionary, and not within the dictionary entries of the general dictionary. The paper deals with the macro and microstructure of Kristijanović’s dictionary within the theoretical framework of the so-called Zagreb School of Phraseology (Menac, Fink-Arsovski). On the macrostructural level, the analysis focuses on the selection principles of the included units and their order in the dictionary. Special attention is paid to the question which material is included, ie. whether the dictionary contains only idioms defined in accordance with today’s phraseological theory and whether the author makes a distinction between idioms and other fixed multi-word expressions (collocations, proverbs). On the microstructural level, it is being examined which form of a idiom is taken as a lemma and how the Kajkavian idioms are translated on the German side of the dictionary (an equivalent German idiom; a German idiom and the explanation of its meaning; the description of the situation in which the idiom is being used). In addition, the question of dealing with synonymous idioms is discussed. In spite of a sporadically non-systematic treatment of structurally similar idioms as dictionary units, and taking into consideration that the Verschiedene sprichwörtliche Redensarten was compiled in the first half of the 19th century, Kristijanović’s dictionary can be viewed as an interesting and valuable contribution to Croatian and Slavic phraseology and phraseography.
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After the reforms that took place in 1566 the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Union of Lublin began its new phase of life in 1569. During this phase The Chancellery of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania played an essential role. At the time the institution was comprised of Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor and its most important employees – clerks – people of average nobility that had a chance to show their knowledge working at a chancellery. Leon Sapiega was one of such people. While examining the works of other historians we can notice that L. Sapiega has a variety of biographies, but not including the clerical aspect, they can be considered to be a collection of chronological presentation of facts and not a comprehensive biography of a high-ranking official. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to answer the question of how L. Sapiega as a person influenced the development of the Chancery of the GDL. Institutions are usually represented by leaders and each leader leaves a footprint in the institution’s history. L. Sapiega was not an exeption as his office had undergone several stages of development.
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The article presents Russian and Polish grammarians’ points of view (Vasily Adodurov, Mikhail Lomonosov, Anton Barsov, Walenty Szylarski, Onufry Kopczyński) on considering language theory issues and how they described them in their works written in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The grammars under consideration were aimed not only at a detailed description of the Russian and Polish languages or teaching the correct language usage; in addition, they contained some theoretical information given in a manner that is comparable with modern linguistic knowledge. That information lay in the field of linguistic typology. It was also assumed that a language could acquire communicative, cognitive, nominative, and poetic functions (the appropriate terms were not used at that time). Besides, the issues concerning the forms of language existence – written and oral, as well as the dichotomy of language and speech, the nature of a language sign, including the ideas about its arbitrariness, its semantics and pragmatics were raised. Additionally, interesting discussions about sign relations at the phonetic-phonological language level, as well as some ideas of functional syntax were initiated. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that the grammars of the 18th century were a reflection of the historical situation in which this grammatical research was done.
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Dijalekatski kontakt u Senju podrazumijeva zajednički život dvaju, u konkretnom slučaju dominantnih idioma — senjske čakavštine i bunjevačke novoštokavštine u istoj arei — u gradu Senju. Pitanje je kako oba idioma funkcioniraju u dvojezičnom društvu, kako se pripadnici takva društva odnose prema oba idioma i kakvi su njihovi međusobni utjecaji.
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The article discusses the contribution that the journalist, lexicographer and publicist Josip Šentija gave to the affirmation of the Croatian literary language by supporting the Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language and by defending it against unitary linguistic and political attacks. It further discusses the suppression of the attempted Serbian language colonization of Radio Zagreb; the harvesting of the first postdeclaration fruits manifested in the amended language articles in the 1974 constitutions of Yugoslav republics; the implementation of Art. 138 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Croatia about language in the third edition of the General Encyclopaedia of the Lexicographic Institute, and the cooperation with Miroslav Krleža and the central editorial board in building an encyclopaedic style and nurturing the Croatian language. Finally, the article analyses Šentija’s modern social democratic political orientation and his clear views of national components in the context of the disintegration of Yugoslavia and of the creation of an independent Croatian state, with an emphasis on Croatian-Serbian relations and on Greater Serbian expansionist programme that was partially founded on Karadžić’s motto “Serbs everywhere”, built around the non-scientific premise about the exclusive Serbianness of the Štokavian dialect.
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Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurde die vielfältige Problematik vom Logos dargelegt, die zunächst mit der Übersetzung des griechischen Schlüsselbegriffs aus dem Johannesevangelium ins Altkirchenslawische ansetzt. Zunächst dem ursprünglich griechischen Begriffe sprachkundig nachgehend und ihn in seinen griechischen Wurzeln erhellend, lässt sich der Autor anschließend auf die ganze Komplexität vom Logos ein, um schließlich zum eigentlichen Grund seiner Unübersetzbarkeit zu gelangen. Logos lasse sich, laut Verfasser, freilich nicht übersetzen, ohne die Vielfalt seiner möglichen Bedeutungen umfassend zu berücksichtigen. Selbst dem ursprünglichen griechischen Sprecher war das ganze Bedeutungsspektrum dessen, was der Begriff Logos eigentlich in sich trägt, gar nicht bewusst, d. h. ihm wurde der volle Ausmaß dessen, was der Begriff Logos im Laufe der Jahrhunderte – dem unterschiedlichsten Einflüssen unterzogen – mitgetragen und während der andauernden „Sprachentwicklung“ ausgetragen, bzw. immer wieder neu ausgedrückt hat, gar nicht präsent. Das Bedeutungsspektrum vom Logos mit den adäquat vorahnenden Termini hauptsächlich im Hinblick auf den Bedeutungswert – zunächst in der kroatischen, zusätzlich aber auch in der lateinischen und deutschen Sprache – vergleichend, weist der Autor sowohl auf die semantische Verschiebungen als auch auf die Bedeutungserweiterungen hin, deren Grundlage eine tiefere Bedeutungsdimension vom Logos bildet. Abschließend hebt der Verfasser den semantischen Grundunterschied zwischen dem ‘Wort’ Logos und allen anderen ‘Worten’ hervor, weil Logos in sich selbst den Sinn trägt/hat, ohne irgendeine Referenz außer sich selbst zu haben. Als Grund und Ursprung von allem habe Logos keinen äußeren Bezugspunkt (keine äußere Referenz), auf den/die er sich referieren könnte. Als solcher ist der Logos (in einem einzigen Wort zusammengefasst) reine Performativität, d. h. pure Handlung (pures Handeln).
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The author presents a major part of the transcript of the discussion "On the problem of language" held on December 16th 1967 in the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Croatia. This was the most important meeting held between Croatian linguists and politicians after the Declaration on the name and position of Croatian Literary Language. This transcript shows part of the difficulties that the Croatian language had to go through until its full affirmation.
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The author presents a major part of the transcript of the discussion "On the problem of language" held on December 16th 1967 in the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Croatia. This was the most important meeting held between Croatian linguists and politicians after the Declaration on the name and position of Croatian Literary Language. This transcript shows part of the difficulties that the Croatian language had to go through until its full affirmation.
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The author presents a major part of the transcript of the discussion "On the problem of language" held on December 16th 1967 in the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Croatia. This was the most important meeting held between Croatian linguists and politicians after the Declaration on the name and position of Croatian Literary Language. This transcript shows part of the difficulties that the Croatian language had to go through until its full affirmation.
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The author presents a major part of the transcript of the discussion "On the problem of language" held on December 16th 1967 in the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Croatia. This was the most important meeting held between Croatian linguists and politicians after the Declaration on the name and position of Croatian Literary Language. This transcript shows part of the difficulties that the Croatian language had to go through until its full affirmation.
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The author presents a major part of the transcript of the discussion "On the problem of language" held on December 16th 1967 in the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Croatia. This was the most important meeting held between Croatian linguists and politicians after the Declaration on the name and position of Croatian Literary Language. This transcript shows part of the difficulties that the Croatian language had to go through until its full affirmation.
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In this article we link the category of myth prefiguration – as proposed by Erazm Kuźma – with Hayden White’s historiographical approach, as visible in Green Children from Bizarre Stories by Olga Tokarczuk. The goal of conceptualizing the story in the category of fictionalization (with comic, ironic and tragic patterns) is to compare traces of William of Newburgh’s historiographic relations to Olga Tokarczuk’s prefigurative storytelling model. The article is enriched with meta-reflections by the author herself, considering myth and history.
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The subject of this study are the first works in ancient India related to language and speech. From the earliest times in this territory there has been a cult of the word which is why the country is considered the cradle of philology. It is also essential that India remains true to its cultural identity to this day; and that works written in one of the classical languages of antiquity; Sanskrit; have passed on intact for millennia and have always been studied and interpreted by the linguists.
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This study aims to present the beginnings of Hungarian lexicography, with a special focus on certain works that are closely connected with Transylvania. The early glossaries, starting with the 13th century, are either marginal or interlinear. The only early source in which glossaries are intertextual, distinguished from the Latin text by underlining, is Sermones Dominicales, a compilation of sermons written in the first half of the 15th century. The vocabularies and nomenclatures under analysis were elaborated between the 14th century and the end of the 16th century, most of them being based on lists of Latin words grouped according to semantic fields. The only work that was elaborated based on the Hungarian lexis is the Nomenclature from Schlägl, a copy dating from around 1405 of a document written a few decades before. Among these vocabularies there are some that could be regarded as the first attempts to elaborate specialized dictionaries. Starting with the 16th century, several dictionaries in which the title-words are arranged alphabetically were identified. However, the early dictionaries are either unfinished or only partially preserved. The most representative dictionaries, mainly multilingual, were elaborated starting with the late 16th century. Our presentation ends with József Benkő’s botanical dictionaries, edited in 1783, which mark the beginnings of modern Hungarian lexicography.
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This study aims to present the beginnings of Hungarian lexicography, with a special focus on certain works that are closely connected with Transylvania. The early glossaries, starting with the 13th century, are either marginal or interlinear. The only early source in which glossaries are intertextual, distinguished from the Latin text by underlining, is Sermones Dominicales, a compilation of sermons written in the first half of the 15th century. The vocabularies and nomenclatures under analysis were elaborated between the 14th century and the end of the 16th century, most of them being based on lists of Latin words grouped according to semantic fields. The only work that was elaborated based on the Hungarian lexis is the Nomenclature from Schlägl, a copy dating from around 1405 of a document written a few decades before. Among these vocabularies there are some that could be regarded as the first attempts to elaborate specialized dictionaries. Starting with the 16th century, several dictionaries in which the title-words are arranged alphabetically were identified. However, the early dictionaries are either unfinished or only partially preserved. The most representative dictionaries, mainly multilingual, were elaborated starting with the late 16th century. Our presentation ends with József Benkő’s botanical dictionaries, edited in 1783, which mark the beginnings of modern Hungarian lexicography.
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