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The paper studies the Lexis in the Paroemias in the Composition of the Service of the Prophet Elijah in the southern Slavic Menaions according to the manuscripts from 13th to the 15th centuries. The study suggests that the readings in the Service reflect the version of the Book of Paremias. Some archaic and also new words (or “preslavisms”) are indicated.
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The author deals with the first alphabet books in the Mari language (the Meadow Mari dialect), which were published by the Brotherhood of prelate Gury in Kazan (1870 and 1873). The main concerns of the article are the specific features of denoting the Mari consonants in these written monuments and the dialectal and historical features of the Meadow Mari consonant system.
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This review analyzes the ways in which the Concise Cheremis-Russian Dictionary differs from the literary Mari language in order to answer the following question: was the dictionary compiled in the Pizhan subdialect of the Yaransk dialect of Northwestern Mari, which was spoken at that time in the Kukarskaya Sloboda, where the dictionary was created, or, as O. A. Sergeev claims, “words belonging to all the main dialects of the modern Mari language can be found in the Concise Cheremis-Russian Dictionary” [Сергеев 2020: 17]? To answer this question, a comprehensive graphic-phonetic analysis of the dictionary has been carried out. Three innovative features inherent in the Yaransk dialect have been identified (PMari *ć > ц, PMari *-j > 0, PMari *ńč́, *ńʒ́, *nǯ > нз) together with five more features that are characteristic of other first books: the preservation of the PMari *i, the reflection of PMari *ӧ as o and PMari *w as b, and the retention of vowel harmony. The only feature that occurs neither in the nineteenth-century books, nor in the modern dialects is the PMari *ӧ > е/э, which may indicate a later origin of Mari ӧ < Finno-Ugric *е than previously thought. Thus, the review shows that the dictionary could have been written in the Pizhan subdialect of the Yaransk dialect, which differed significantly from its modern state in the 18th century as it retained many archaic features characteristic of other first books. The analysis of the dictionary allows one to refine the history of the Yaransk dialect and the dating of certain sound changes.
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Some peculiarities of the translation of Holy Scripture fragments in the texts of baroque sermons are discussed in the paper. The author analyzes the features of the national language testified in the translations, and concludes that the preachers studied gospel stories creatively, made them more stylistically expressive, which can be explained by the specificity of homiletic work.
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The origin of Permian adverbs with a la-element in their structure is considered. The adverbs are divided into three groups that may be associated with different periods of the formation of l-cases in the Permian and Mari languages.
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Studying speech acts is an interesting method in the study of language. This article adopts J. L. Austin’s understanding of speech acts and it aims to present his ideas for performatives and to introduce new notion “meta-constatives”. To accomplish this goal first we will briefly introduce analytic philosophy’s context, with which we can explicate philosophy of ordinary language, speech acts and in particular performatives. In the second part of the article meta-constatives will be presented. The later are utterances, with which we can show how things in the world must be. In the second part of the article we will also turn our attention towards imperative sentences, through which we build meta-constatives. Also, a relation between performatives and meta-constatives will be created. Finally, the article points out differences between meta-constatives and imperatives.
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This paper deals with the use of reflex of Proto-Slavic compounds *ъ̯ r̥, *ь̯ r̥, *ъ̯ l̥, *ь̯ l̥ in the first edition of the old Russian poem The Tale of Igor’s Campaign. Graphically, the reflexes were groups that consisted of combinations of letters for denoting semivowels (ъ, ь) or/and vowels o and e with liquid sonants (r and l). The primary attempt was to reconstruct, as much as possible, how these groups were written in the protograph of the poem, to which the overview of the manner of their writing on old Russian monuments contributed. However, the paper is based on the systematisation, classification and statistic processing of all words containing the aforementioned groups in the literary work researched. They were written in accordance with the principles of etymology, phonetics, or the borrowed, South-Slavic principle. Additionally, morphological and etymological analysis clarified the cases of non-etymological usage of these graphical groups, as well as the cases when the graphical form of the word did not point to the etymological presence of the reflexes processed.
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The present paper is dedicated to the most subjective of autobiographical genres, to the genre of diary. The author deals with the definition of the term ‘diary’ and also with the main types within the genre in the literary-theoretical tradition of Slavonic and non-Slavonic countries. Among the types of diary, the author focuses on a special subgenre, the so-called writer’s diary, and defines its dominant and variable features. The writer’s diary is analyzed from different points of view (e.g. orientation, intended publication, topics), which leads to distinguishing its varieties (e.g. journalistic, business, poetic, journey diary). Although the author deals primarily with Russian literature, the paper presents the genre in a wider Slavonic context.
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As it is well-known, literacy emerges as a state instrument and represents one of the most significant marks that a certain nation has moved from the prehistoric age into the new historic age. This mutual dependence of the civilization and literacy is complete and is very important for understanding the essence of the Mayan civilization. The most significant issue here is whether the destruction of the original Mesoamerican cultures led to the destruction of the original civilizations.
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This work focuses on the research of textual and linguistic properties of a letter written by the Moldovan duke Alexander to the city of Dubrovnik in 1566. Apart from the orthographic, phonetic, phonological and morphological analysis, this work features original edition of the letter, its transcription and modern edition. Research results suggest an older type of orthography which shares certain characteristics with orthography of Rashka, Hum and Bosnia. The most prominent phonetic properties witnessed in the work in question are: 1) ekavian and ekavian or ijekavian yat reflexes; 2) consistent vocalization of old semivowel; 3) syllable final /л/˃/о/. The most prominent morphological properties witnessed in the work in question are: 1) dative and locative singular of old *-ā- and *-jā declination ending in -и; 2) genitive plural of nouns ending in -а; 3) genitive singular of pronouns and adjectives ending in -ега/-ога; 4) genitive and dative plural of masculine definite ad beside expected dative ending 5) first person singular present tense ending in -м; 6) third person present tense without ending -т; 7) infinitive ending in -и. Dominant presence of national language in the text is an indication of Herzegovina-Krajina dialect zone. Photographs of the original document can be found in the supplement.
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In the article authors compile and analyse in detail the written sources in the Bashkir language of the late XIXth — early XXth century. The sources compiled use traditional Arabic graphic, its modifications for a more precise reflection of the Bashkir language phonetics, as well as Latin and Cyrillic graphic systems. These sources contribute to a more full understanding of the living informal Bashkir language. They reflect clearly the state of the Bashkir language in their time of writing, which makes them useful for language history studies. They also are of importance as monuments which played a large part in the history of develompent of Bashkir national writing and literary language.
More...![Питање рашчитавања једног места у Житију Светог Симеона од Светог Саве (IX H 8 [Š 10])](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2015_35112.jpg)
Saint Sava wrote in 1206/7 the Life of Saint Simeon (Žitije Svetog Simeona) preserved as the copy no. IX H 8 [Š 10]. Saint Sava did not complete this work, but it was, to a large extent, taken from a sermon of Theodore the Studite (written before 826 AD). So far there have not been any ambiguities regarding this text, starting from the issue of Pavol J. Šafárik from 1851 onwards. However, due to the lack of a full stop between two sentences in the final part of the Life of Saint Simeo, there is a possibility of different interpretations of that part (sheet 116a, line 4). When comparing the aforementioned part of the text (sheet 116a, line 4) with the oldest Serbian Church Slavonic (Hilandar 387; Dečani 87; HAZU IV d 4) and ancient Greek (Ambrosianus gr. C 02 sup.; Parisinus gr. 1018; Ottobonianus gr. 251; Ambrosianus gr. E 101 sup.) manuscripts containing Studite’s sentences, which Sava followed as models, previous interpretations can be questioned.
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The article considers the advantages of knowing the specific particles of the native dialect, which differentiate it from the literary norm, for teaching Bulgarian language in school. They are particularly heartening for the basic types of mistakes at students writing and verbal manifestation which can be expected and can be main criterion for the teacher in determination of that, which part of the school subject needs to be accented on.
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Paper deals with analyses of the survey related to the knowledge of Turkish language among members of Serbian armed forces at the end of 19th century. It reveals that among the officers and NCO`s there were only several tens of relative connoisseurs of this language, however, genuine experts who knew Turkish (and Albanian) were just few. It is pointed out that among those there were no inhabitans of Serbia in borders before 1878. As main reason for this situation is noted the absence of indigineous Turkish population, especially well educated, as well the fact that number of native Turks in Serbia during whole 19th century was generally very small.
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The article shows the isomorphism of the subsystems of the Old Russian language in relation to the organization of a rhetorical text. The structure of the text is determined to be dependent on the genre. The basic means of cohesion in the Old Russian didactic prose are described using the example of an individual text. Based on the variation of derivational units, the principle of creation of cohesion is formulated.
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5–9 ноября 2012 года в Вильнюсе и в Супрасле прошел международный научно-образовательный семинар Политическая/национальная/конфессиональная/языковая карта Восточной Европы: история и современность. Проведение семинара стало возможным в результате совместной работы славистов Института славяноведения РАН, Вильнюсского университета, Супрасльской aкадемии, фонда “Российско-польский центр диалога и согласия” и научно-издательского центра “Индрик”; поддержку семинару оказало Посольство Российской Федерации в Литовской республике.
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The article describes the current issue now – the interaction of two languages in the field of homonymy. On the basis of the analysis the author states the existing homonymy in the Polish and Russian languages. The author focuses on the identification and comparison of slang homonymous units. In the center of analysis there is the etymology of some units, the description of the features of the formal semantics of similar units of the two languages.
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This paper analyses three previous publications of mediаeval epitaph from Mramorje necropolis in the Vakuf village on Majevica. The ways of editing and reading are being considered. The author gives an overall transliteration and transcription, and a new interpretation of disputable places.
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The word mazija ‘steel; forging ingot; a kind of ordeal which required plucking red-hot iron from a cauldron of boiling water’ is common in the western part of the Shtokavian dialect continuum. Its area includes the Zeta-Raška, the Eastern Herzegovinian and the Younger Ikavian dialect, the fi rst of the Old Shtokavian and the other two of the Neo-Shtokavian type. There are no attestations of this word earlier than the fi rst half of the 18th century. So far, it has been mainly believed to share a common origin with the homonymous mazija ‘oak gall’ from Turkish mazı id. This stance is hardly acceptable in view of the fact that not only the meanings of the two words but also their geographical distributions strongly diverge, mazija in the oak gall sense being limited to the Kosovo-Resava and Timok-Prizren dialect areas of southern Serbia. The comparison with French mazée ‘refi ned iron’, is even more doubtful, because this term has been attested only since 1824 and with no known etymology, The true origin of màzija < mazȉja (gvožđa) should be sought in the late Greek (5th century AD) μαζί(ο)ν τοῦ σιδήρου ‘iron mass shaped by a blacksmith’; the plural form μαζία σιδήρου occurs in a Greek charter issued in 1347 by the Serbian tsar Dušan to the Great Lavra on Mt Athos. Curiously enough, in two Serbian founding charters of the same epoch there is a parallel passage where among other yearly incomes granted to the monastery iron ingots are mentioned, designated here by the gen. pl. nadь(ь), with complements gvozd(i)ja ‘of iron’ and měr’nyhь ‘of a standard weight’. The term is Slavic nada or nado, derivative from *naděti ‘add onto’, properly ‘iron or steel overlay used as a cover plate in re-tempering a blade’, hence ‘steel’. It has been preserved by a number of Serbian vernaculars, in some of them coexisting with the Graecism mazija. How and when the latter made its way to the western part of the Old Serbian territory, leaving no traces in its eastern parts, remains an open question.
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