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Фалшивите новини и фолклористичният подход към тях

Author(s): Angelina Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article develops and grounds the necessity of a folkloristic perspective towards the phenomenon of fake news, which has already been suggested in some publications by American folklorists. It discusses the milieu of fake news’ distribution with a focus on the cultural characteristics of Web 2.0 and the cultural dynamics which take place in it. As a possible theoretical frame of analysis, the author proposes the conceptual intersection of two scholarly disciplines: media studies and folkloristics. She presents the various genre forms that are usually defines as “fake news”; the possible transformations and hybrids; and the main active subjects of their creation. Along with that, attention is paid to the sociocultural processes, the specificities of distribution and the patterns of reception and reaction. The discussion is supported by examples from the Bulgarian internet space.

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Сънищата и сънотълкуването в българската традиционна култура

Author(s): Anatol Anchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

In this article, I offer a summarized survey of the different folklore genres in Bulgarian traditional culture that refer to dreams, dream interpretation and the consequences of dreams. The study is based on a substantial number of narratives of dreams and dream interpretations that I have recorded through fieldwork, and on my research on this topic. I have also utilized published and archive materials, dating since the Bulgarian Revival period until modern times, and published research by folklorists and ethnographers from the distant past until the present day. I delineate the main principles of dream interpretation; the ways of dream interpretation, and the factors that influence it. It is underlined that dream interpretation is part of the cultural education in patriarchal Bulgarian society as an essential element of the skills and practices referring to predicting the future. All of this confirms the fact that dreams and dream interpretation are a significant part of the system of Bulgarian traditional culture. I emphasize the unity of opposites, which is basic for the classification and interpretation of dreams. It is an important characteristic of Bulgarian traditional culture as a whole and also of the Bulgarian culture and language from the Middle Ages until modern times. Simultaneously, I also dwell on the analytical-psychological essence the unity of opposites. Special attention is paid to the crucial role of the context for the correct interpretation of dreams, which corresponds to the method of amplification in Jungian psychology.

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Лингвистични механизми при тълкуване на сънищата според Зигмунд Фройд и Карл Густав Юнг

Author(s): Mariya Kitanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article focuses on certain “points of contact” between the theories of dream interpretation developed by Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung and modern cognitive linguistics. The author underlines the relevance of linguistic transformations such as metaphor, metonymy, symbolization, paronymy, homonymy, paronomasia, and associative networks for Freud’s theory. Attention is also paid to the mechanisms of dream interpretation used by C. G. Jung: associative, metaphorical, and metonymic. The interpretation of symbols is a focal point in the study.

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Сънят-приказка

Author(s): Nikolai Vukov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article deals with the semantic and functional interrelations between folktales and dreams and with the role of dreaming as a component which defines the structure of the folktale plots. The author discusses the symptomatic lack of the dream motif in one of the key studies in the humanities of the twentieth century, Vladimir Propp’s “Morphology of the Folktale” (1928). The study emphasizes the special place that the motif of dreaming has in folktales and analyses the versatile development of the narrative through the situations of “a folktale in the dream” and “a dream in the folktale.” The focus of attention is on the folktales from “One Thousand and One Nights,” through which a range of narrative techniques and plots enter European culture, along with a plethora of themes and motifs related to dreams and dreaming. Based on the analysis, the author elicits two main models of assimilation of dreams/ sleep in folktales: the model of Sleeping Beauty and the model of Scheherazade, which represent respectively sleeping as a fact provoking no plot, and the dream as a tale. The conclusion offers an explanation of the absence of the dreaming motif from Propp’s folktale morphology and draws a parallel between the theory of the functions in folktale plots and the idea of the psyche’s protective mechanisms in psychoanalytical tradition.

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Интерпретация на сънищата от антропологична перспектива (Сънуването в различните култури)

Author(s): Vihra Barova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article presents the development of the theoretical interest in dreaming as an object of anthropological analysis. The focus of attention is on dreams per se, along with dream interpretation, narration of dreams, and perceptions related to dreams in different cultures. Beyond their psychoanalytic interpretation, dreams are examined as a specific type of ethnographic material and a means of communication within the community and between the researcher and the researched. Dreaming is a universal human characteristic, but at the same time, the importance attached to dreams in different societies varies significantly. Based on the ethnographic examples presented in the article, the author have sought to answer the question what factors make dreams in some cultures to be considered an important source of information and even a field of action, while in others they are perceived as imaginary fragments with no relation to everyday life.

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Езикът на сънищата

Author(s): Kalina Micheva-Peycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The study analyses texts that refer to dreams, excerpted from biblical, Medieval Bulgarian, literary and folklore works, and from fieldwork material collected personally by the author. The text reveals the most important features of the narrative in the dream, such as models, language formulas, and strategies for representing time. The analysis of the dream-book’s language demonstrates that today the dream-book is designed as a dictionary with its own vocabulary list and specific rules for constructing the interpretive definition, which include semantic, lexical, morphological, and syntactic laws.

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Митът за Едип – нова интерпретация

Author(s): Grigor Har. Grigorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

In his book “The Myth of the Birth of the Hero” (1909), the psychoanalyst Otto Rank identified in various cultures numerous versions of the same narrative which was very close in content to the Oedipus myth. The structure of this repetitive plot is the following: a son of a king, sentenced to death by his father, survives miraculously and grows up far away from his family; when grown-up, he returns to his hometown, murders his father and inherits the throne. The paper argues that this plot has come into being as a narrative aimed at legitimizing the right of existence of a newly formed community by presenting its leader as the legitimate successor of the ruler of the group from which the new community has separated. After its dramaturgical rendition by the ancient Greek tragedians, the Oedipus plot has acquired a new meaning – it started functioning as a story of the great sinner.

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Сън по време на война. Чочарка

Author(s): Nevena Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The text is dedicated to two movies based on Alberto Moravia’s book “Ciociara”. The author examines some folklore motifs through which the role of the woman is presented. The analysis also includes the dream of a wedding, which transforms the understanding of time-space relationship. Outlining authentic folklore motifs in the film narrative is in the centre of the study, together with the original presentation of the person having the wedding dream, which forms the visual core of the film. Central point in the text is the relation between reality and the way it is experienced by the dreamer.

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Re-reading the Bulgarian Folklore Journal

Author(s): Valentina Ganeva-Raycheva / Language(s): English Issue: Special 2/2020

This article is dedicated to the fortieth anniversary of the founding of the Bulgarian Folklore Journal. The reflections on the Journal which are discussed here are made in the context of the political and sociocultural development of Bulgaria, as well as in the context of national and international traditions in the study of folklore. At the same time, these reflections address changes in scientific paradigms and theoretical approaches, the problems of the existing boundaries between disciplines, the re-definition of scientific scope and newly defined fields of research. The interdisciplinary nature of the Journal, the development of its scientific profile, and its transformation into a journal for scholarly research in the field of folklore studies, ethnology and anthropology in the 1990s are given special attention. Editorial politics and practices, as well as different aspects of its theoretical sensibility and applied aims are traced. The place of the Journal among Bulgarian humanities periodicals and its international visibility are also highlighted.

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Who Makes the Blonde Jokes?

Author(s): Stanoy Stanoev / Language(s): English Issue: Special 2/2020

The dumb blonde figure is very popular in the repertoire of international jokes and is characterized by two main qualities: stupidity and promiscuity. These features are also shared by jokes which have circulated in Bulgaria since the 1990s. Researchers view dumb blonde jokes as a consequence of the increasing presence of women in professional and public life in positions which were traditionally considered ‘male’ spheres. The jokes are a reaction to radical transformations in social values and also a specific response to problematized male identities. Over the course of time, the image of the blonde has undergone certain changes as the sexual innuendo has faded and stupidity has become the main object of ridicule. In this way, the blonde has become a version of the classical personage of the fool whose role has always been substantial in the processes of self-identification, whether they be national, social, ethnic, local, or regional in character. In this respect, the blonde represented in such jokes has the potential to become a universal archetype, since her image combines two major identity markers: gender, and more generally, cultural affiliation.

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Putting analysis and construction of concepts into its legitimate position

Author(s): Ewelina Grądzka / Language(s): English Issue: 71/2021

Analytic description, according to members of the Lvov-Warsaw School (LWS) like Czeżowski, Ajdukiewicz, Ossowska, Tarski is a powerful and an indispensable tool, not only in philosophy but also in any natural science – in psychology especially. It should be equally respected together with empirical analysis and even it is recommended that it should precede any further research. Therefore, the book Analiza i konstrukcja: o metodach badania pojęć w Szkole Lwowsko-Warszawskiej [Analysis and construction: on the methods of researching concepts in the Lvov-Warsaw School] can be recommended to philosophers as well as scientists.

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Юбилеите на руската емиграция в България (1919–1944) през нейните вестници: приоритет на снизхождащото приспособяване

Author(s): Yordan Lyutskanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

In my article, I analyse the newspaper imprints of some jubilee celebrations performed in the minds of Russian émigrés in Bulgaria, but also outdoors and indoors, between 1919 and 1944. Basing on M. Spariosu’s theory of exilic-utopian imagination and on the intuitive premise that an émigré community would inevitably pursue/problematize its accommodation within the host society, I locate the Russian émigré community and its celebrations within a tri-axial communicative situation whereby impulses for (self-aggrandising) introspection, mental war with the exiling power (sovietised Russia), and domestication of the host milieu are detectable. Considering newspapers as the most effective sites to host places of celebration for a (non-persecuted) ethno-cultural minority in the first half of the 20th c., and basing on prior historiography on the Russian émigrés of Bulgaria and on an overview of their periodicals, I identify as most conspicuous a constellation of jubilees that gravitated around the 50th anniversary from both the beginning and the completion of the 1877–1878 Russian-Ottoman war. Thus, I am able to discern the specificity of the communicative situation of that particular Russian émigré community against the benchmark of the ‘metropolitan’ one based in Paris. I approach these “imprints”, or “places of celebration”, as visual-verbal compositions (elaborating D. Georgiev’s ‘architecturology’ of newspaper); and as textualised experiences potentially reminiscent of the two cultural archetypes of “jubilee” for (post)Christian humankind, the Hebraic and the Roman ones.

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Пълни и кратки форми на прилагателните имена в руски и техните съответствия на български език

Author(s): Elena Yu. Ivanova,Maxim Stamenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

In Russian, unlike in Bulgarian, two forms of adjectives have been preserved – full and short, where the short form in the modern language can be used only in the predicative position. The proposed article on the basis of a parallel Russian-Bulgarian corpus examines the question by what means of expression in the Bulgarian language the opposition of the two forms of Russian adjectives is manifested, how the series of their semantic, stylistic and syntactic differences are translated, including their ability to express a temporary and / or permanent feature. It is shown that the Bulgarian language reacts differently in cases when the Russian full and short forms differ semantically, as well as when the difference between the Russian forms is stylistic or pragmatic. There are also discrepancies in the semantics of Russian and Bulgarian predicative adjectives with identical roots in view of their ability to indicate the stability of the feature (i.e. to mean a property, characteristic) or its actuality (temporary state).

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(Не)Приобщеният хумор: учебникът срещу анкетата

Author(s): Aglaya Mavrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

Provoked by the one-sided placement of humorous texts in the space of Russian language textbooks for secondary school, the report focuses on the fuller disclosure of the linguo-didactic potential of these texts. For this purpose, part of the results of a large-scale survey is presented, establishing the attitudes of language teachers regarding an idea for the integration of humorous texts in Russian language classes. The analyzed results were obtained from answers to questions highlighting the possibility of including humorous texts in a variety of exercises and activities. The conclusions drawn show that texts containing humor can be an effective linguodidactic resource in learning the Russian language in secondary school.

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Битката на змея с орлите. Формулите на бугарщиците и съвременните записи

Author(s): Boško Suvajdžić / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This paper analyses the attitude of Bulgarian researchers towards the phenomenon of bugarštica, with special reference to the book “Croatian Bugarštica Songs and Their Bulgarian Counterparts. Studies and Texts”, edited by Stefana Stoykova and published in 2015 by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum. Stefana Stoykova substantiates the thesis about the Bulgarian origin of the bugarštica, present in the research spanning from Ivan Shishmanov to Antonina Afanasieva-Koleva, by analysing Bulgarian recordings from the 20th century in which, according to Stoykova, traces of bugarštica singing still remain preserved. By analysing the formula “orao se vijaše” [an eagle hovered] and the conceptualization of the falcon figure (in metaphors, as a mythical mediator between the worlds, etc.) in oral lyrical poetry in South Slavic context, this paper uncovers the consonance between bugarštica singing and other genre patterns from the 15th until the 20th century primarily in shared formulas, in style and language, in archaic mythological symbolism. The commonness of these elements is attributed to cohabitation, frequent migrations and the broadest processes of creation and duration in oral epic and lyrical traditions in South Slavic cultures.

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Разказите за пророчески сънища: към изследването на фолклорната култура на сънуване

Author(s): Smiljana Đorđević Belić / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

After a theoretical review of the studies of dreams in anthropologically oriented research, the author especially considers folkloristic studies of the dreams symbolism, as well as the dream stories as a genre. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of field narratives – the stories of prophetic dreams. The focus is on the problems of the interpretation logic, the way of fitting into the autobiographical experience, and the relationship between the individual conceptions of dreams symbolism and the traditional matrices.

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Разомагьосване, повторно омагьосване и фолклорни жанрове

Author(s): Ana Vukmanović / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Book Review: Disenchantment, Re-enchantment and Folklore Genres. Ed. by Nemanja Radulović, Smiljana Đorđević Belić. Belgrade: Institute for Literature and Arts, 2021. 286 pp. ISBN 978-86-7095-286-7

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Лингводидактологически проблеми при изучаването на езиците висок валириан и клингонски

Author(s): Petar Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article focuses on two fictional languages – High Valyrian and Klingon. Learning them leads to various problems, mostly due to the fact that they are not officially spoken languages, and in practice are used only in the films for which they were created: Game of Thrones and House of the Dragon ( High Valyrian) and Star Trek (Klingon). For this reason, the learning resources are limited due to their specifics; neither are there specialists to teach them. In addition, unlike most spoken languages, neither a level of proficiency can be determined nor any formal certification can be issued for High Valyrian and Klingon. Although there are literary sources which deal with the two languages separately, mostly from the point of view of their lexical and grammatical characteristics, there are yet to be found publications in which the learning of these languages by real users is researched. The paper presents an analysis of the two languages from the point of view of linguodidactology and empruntology. A survey among users who learn the two languages on the Duolingo language learning platform and through other sources is provided. We reach the conclusion that using Duolingo to learn High Valyrian and Klingon leads to efficiency, but not to a 100% proficiency; therefore, additional sources and resources shall be consulted.

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„Нашите преместени гробища“: концепцията за гробище в наративите за принудително преселване

Author(s): Iryna Koval-Fuchylo / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

In the narratives of migrants from submerged areas, four main concepts can be distinguished: home, land, church and cemetery. The article is devoted to the concept of a cemetery in the memories of forced resettlement from areas submerged during the construction of hydroelectric power plants in Ukraine. Excerpts from memories about the moving of cemeteries are presented. Folk beliefs, nominative vocabulary for events, places, characters, plots, persistent themes, and basic folklore plots are explored. The following main ideas are identified: it is not possible to move a cemetery entirely; disturbing the peace of the cemetery leads to dangerous consequences and provokes the wrath of the dead; the re-installation of grave crosses restores the sacredness of the graves, consolidates the resettled community and updates the memory of its historical past.

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Политическият виц през втората половина на XX век и днес

Author(s): Jaroslav Otčenášek / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Book review

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