Influx of English Lexis into the Bulgarian Online Media – the Bulgarian Language on the Web

Author(s): Denitsa Gencheva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article examines the phenomenon „invasion of English words and expressions in the spontaneous written speech of the social media”. Some of the social and psycholinguistic reasons for that phenomenon are taken into account, as the focus is directed to one of them, namely the use of code switching and other stylistic techniques to achieve greater expressiveness of the spontaneous written speech.

Обучение связной речи учащихся–билингвов

Author(s): Larisa Arabshahovna Zaynalova,Aleksey Valeryevich Shaulov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This article describes some types of the training system used for speech development in Russian classes. The author suggests some techniques and types of speech exercises thatwhich pay special attention to the independent work on the text, which promotes better understanding of the written language.

Тематическая группа „Любовь. Дружба“: болгарские соответствия восточнославянских паремиологических лингвокультурем

Author(s): Marina Kotova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This article examines the Bulgarian proverbial correspondences of current East Slavonic proverbs of the thematic group “Love. Friendship” from the project of the Electronic Dictionary of active East Slavonic Proverbs. The main method for identifying actual paremiological parallels in three languages to Russian proverbs is a paremiological sociolinguistic experiment. The conclusions relate to the specifics of the selection of Bulgarian correspondences to Russian proverbial linguoculturemes against the background of Belarusian and Ukrainian proverbial parallels.

Концептът разум / Vernunft в немския и българския език

Author(s): Hristina Vihrogonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present article is focused on the analysis of the results exhibited in Questionnaire Survey entitled „Metaphorical Thinking in Language“. The basic aim is to make comparison of the term REASON/VERNUNFT, and how it is perceived and presented in both German and Bulgarian. Data of the Survey are graphically presented. The Survey has comparative character and, as we may say, is done in the spirit of Cognitive Linguistics. As mutual base of comparison serves “Conceptual metaphor“, described in the book „Metaphors we Live by“, written by George Leikoff and Mark Johnson. In the process of linguistic description concerning the discussed Concept, many similarities are established, which is explained by its universality. The Concept itself as well, has similar metaphorical perception typical for the two languages, which is deeply rooted in their linguistic consciousness. The similarities are established with the help of Conceptual Metaphors, that play the role of universal instrument of human thinking as far as abstract linguistic essences are concerned.

Семантические модели обозначения времени в болгарских и восточнославянских говорах

Author(s): Mikhail Kondratenko / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the peculiarities of the designation of time periods in some Bulgarian and East Slavic dialects, mainly from the point of view of the specifics of dialect segmentation of this semantic sphere and the principles of nomination. The lexical material allows us to identify individual semantic models and shifts observed in time designations: the transfer of spatial parameters for the nomination of temporal characteristics; orientation in the names of months to phenological and economic cycles; the nomination of morning as the appearance of daylight. Taking into account the linguogeographic aspect, namely, a fairly wide distribution in the linguistic territory of Slavia, as well as beyond its borders, it is possible to assume the status of these models as semantic archetypes.

L'iconostase comme seuil : lexique, symbolique et significations

Author(s): Dumas Felicia / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This paper proposes a semantical, anthropological and semiological approach to the iconostasis of the Orthodox churches, defined as a threshold between the nave and the sanctuary, between the visible world of the worshippers and the invisible world of the heavenly powers and God. The paper considers a lexical-semantic study of two nouns used in French to refer to this dividing wall, as well as other words (and phrases) which designate other elements of the architectural ensemble which compose the iconostasis; this semantical study will be accompanied by a semiological analysis of the symbolism of the iconostasis (based on the works of liturgical hermeneutics) and of the the liturgical gestures which the iconostasis determines and guides from a semiological point of view, supported by a corpus of notes recorded in France and in Romania (during the liturgical practice) and by a few theological works.

Quelques considérations concernant l'intégration des anglicismes dans la langue française

Author(s): Larisa-Elena Alui-Gheorghe / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Our aim is to analyze a few key factors, which determine the process of borrowing words of English origin into French, and the barriers that these words surpassed in order to be integrated in the French vocabulary. As we noticed, in the everyday speech, there are many words of English origin that have been inserted by the speakers and which are used frequently. What are the reasons that determine the use of this type of words? How can we check if the use of this kind of words is necessary? What solutions can we propose in order to avoid the use of this type of neologisms without a well-defined reason? These are some important questions to which we will try to find appropriate explanations and examples taken from everyday speech.

Les dictionnaires bilingues comme seuils interculturels

Author(s): Maria-Alexandra DRUȚU / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

For religious and cultural reasons, from the 2nd Millennium onwards, lexicographic activity has experienced very significant development. If the first dictionaries in the West were the threshold for the understanding of religious texts, later, with the more and more frequent exchanges between East and West, bilingual dictionaries appeared, this time as a cultural threshold, with a modern language as the main language and emphasizing technical terminology rather than religious terminology. In our paper we will briefly present the evolution of dictionaries and then identify some specialty papers on religious terminology in Romanian and French. We will focus on the issue of translations from Romanian into French in the manner presented by Felicia Dumas in her papers, as well as the threshold represented by specialty dictionaries in religious translations, when talking about the representation of the Orthodox Christian religion in the French language. We will also present a comparative analysis between two French-Romanian bilingual dictionaries published in different centuries, to feature the threshold between the past and the present and the way in which the religious terms of an old dictionary are still taken up in another more recent one, despite developments and trends to remove them throughout history.

Категорията съставни лексикални единици в нормативната граматика

Author(s): Ruska Stancheva,Viara Maldžieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the systematic description of multiword expressions (MWEs) as objects of grammar. The definition of such units is proposed, their scope is determined, criteria for their identification are derived. A framework for description of the grammatical properties of MWEs is presented that takes into consideration two distinct types of MWEs – syntactic phrasemes and phrasemes. Main normative problems related to the use of syntactic phrasemes are noted.

За изграждането на терминологичната система на старобългарския книжовен език в областта на финансите и стоково-паричните отношения (върху материал от Синайския патерик)

Author(s): Elka Mircheva / Language(s): Bulgarian,Old Slavonic,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines insufficiently clarified issues regarding the construction of the Bulgarian terminology in the field of finance and commodity-monetary relations. 3 patericon stories from the Sinaitic Patericon are analyzed. The study involves a significant number of witnesses of the transmission of these texts over a vast chronological segment spanning the 10th – 19th centuries.

Трансформацията на имената от притчите в идеологеми и възприемането на алегориите в старобългарската екзегеза

Author(s): Pirnika Penkova-Lyager / Language(s): Bulgarian,Old Slavonic,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Drawing on the Old Bulgarian translations of Athanasius of Alexandria and Basil the Great, the author traces the use of allegorical theology in the 4th century and its reflection as Прїточное богословие during the 10th century. The linguistic comparison between the use of allegorical key-names by Athanasius of Alexandria and the process of conceptualization of ordinary names to divine predicates and theological terms by Basil the Great provides the necessary discourse for the observations on the language practice of the Preslav’s men of letters. When illustrating the process of deriving human knowledge from the literal to the figurative interpretation of a certain story from the Bible, John the Exarch and Constantine of Preslav relied on a common theological platform, also known from the original works of the two authors. The criteria for the correctness of the exegesis according to the two authors are specified.

Ходонимите на Бургас в миналото и днес

Author(s): Mariyana Parzulova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines the hodonyms (names of streets and boulevards) in the city of Burgas from the end of the 19th century till the present day. It presents the reasons for their naming and renaming in different periods of the history of the city and the country

Българският дискурсен маркер 'де' в балкански контекст

Author(s): Ekaterina Tarpomanova / Language(s): Albanian,Bulgarian,Romanian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the discourse marker де in the languages of the Balkan Sprachbund (Bulgarian, Albanian, Greek, and Romanian). Theories on the etymology of де in the Balkan languages are analyzed in view of the likelihood of a substratum, Turkic or Slavic origin. The focus is on the use and meaning of the discourse marker. In Bulgarian, Greek, and Albanian, three main meanings can be distinguished, along with some set phrases, while Romanian deviates from the Balkan pattern in the use of the marker.

STIHOVANI RJEČNICI U OSMANSKOJ KULTURI

Author(s): Kerima Filan / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Versed dictionaries in the Ottoman literary tradition are smaller dictionaries, typically containing several hundred words of one language interpreted with semantic matches in another language. The words are arranged according to the metrical feet of Arabic metrics and principles of rhyming in a specific poetic form. The most numerous are those featuring lexicons of two or all three languages of Ottoman culture: Arabic, Persian and Turkish. Words are listed in a sequence so that those that are mutually interpreted in terms of meaning stand next to each other and only one meaning is given. The lexical material is divided into several units, or longer stanzas, each in a different poetic meter, with varying poetic forms.. They are intended for learning by heart with the aim of acquiring the basic lexicon of a second language and for getting to know the metrics and characteristics of poetry. The originality of versed dictionaries lies in the author’s choice of vocabulary and the poetic skill of composing verses with words from different languages. They represented basic literature at a lower level of language learning. They were used in both public and private education throughout the Ottoman period. The paper provides an overview of the tradition of writing versed dictionaries in the Ottoman period. It refers to Uskufi’s 17th-century Turkish-Bosnian verse dictionary Makbûl-i ʿÂrif as part of that tradition. The structure of versed dictionaries is described as their common characteristic exemplified by verses from various dictionaries, including Uskufi’s Turkish-Bosnian dictionary.

Семантични студии. Синтактично и семантично описание на български глаголи. Предговор

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Extended ontology of noun semantic classes

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The primary aim of this study is to propose an effective approach for characterising the frame elements of conceptual frames within the Bulgarian FrameNet using noun classes. This approach will facilitate the prediction of comprehensive and semantically valid combinations between verbal lexical units that evoke conceptual frames and appropriate nouns. The study provides a concise overview of the semantic classifications of nouns in WordNet, Corpus Pattern Analysis, FrameNet, and VerbAtlas, emphasising their significance in predicting verb-noun compatibility. The structure of the Bulgarian FrameNet (BulFrame) is presented, containing components adapted from FrameNet for Bulgarian along with a substantial amount of lexical, morphological, syntactic, and semantic information specific to the Bulgarian language. One distinctive feature of the Bulgarian FrameNet is the specification of noun classes, indicating appropriate nouns for the lexical realisation of frame elements. By aligning synonym sets from WordNet with the semantic types of Corpus Pattern Analysis and FrameNet, as well as with the selective preferences of VerbAtlas, the foundational structure of the Extended Ontology of Noun Semantic Classes is established. The Ontology concepts are linked, not exclusively, to synonym sets from WordNet and thereby to sets of nouns suitable for combination with verbal lexical units that evoke the corresponding conceptual frames. The contribution of this development lies in detailing the steps for selecting semantic classes (concepts) and constructing the structure of the Extended Ontology of Noun Semantic Classes.

Част на тялото като семантична характеристика

Author(s): Valentina Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This study focuses on the analysis of the frame element Body part as a semantic feature to describe semantic frames according to the hierarchical structure in FrameNet. The aim is a semantical description and a methodological presentation for information extraction and analysis of a group of verbs according to the presence of a specific frame element. The research is part of the development of the Bulgarian FrameNet (BulFrame), a system for visualisation and editing of conceptual frames that are defined in the system (Koeva, Doychev 2022). The analysis is carried out by extracting verbs that are conceptually described by semantic frames with the core frame element Body Part. Semantic resources that are created for the purpose of semantic, syntactic and conceptual knowledge of verbs are used in the study. Mapping with verb synsets from the Bulgarian WordNet is made for the observation. The nouns that the verb conjuncts are considered with respect to distinct synsets and semantic types as a possible realisation of the verb. As a result, a grouping of nouns associated with semantic types from Corpus Pattern Analysis (CPA) is proposed.

Verbs of communication: validation of conceptual frames in corpus data

Author(s): Svetlozara Leseva,Ivelina Stoyanova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The chapter outlines the properties of the semantic class of verbs of communication in terms of the most representative FrameNet frames of higher frequency and the syntactic realisation of the frame elements in different valence patterns in English and Bulgarian. For the purposes of the study we employ two large lexical-semantic resources: (a) the Princeton WordNet (Fellbaum 1998b), and the Bulgarian WordNet (Koeva 2021), and (b) FrameNet (Baker et al. 1998). In particular, the analysis is centred on the information included in each of the resources and how it can be used towards their mutual enrichment and the extension of their coverage. We discuss the general organisation of the verb lexis representing the domain of communication: the prototypical frame Communication and frames inheriting from it, focusing on the frames Statement and Telling as two of the most representative frames of verbal communication. The objective is to validate the realisation of semantic frames in corpus data using the semantically annotated corpora SemCor (Miller et al. 1993b) and BulSemCor (Koeva et al. 2006). While we use resources for English and Bulgarian, we discuss the universal and language-specific aspects of this description and the transferability of knowledge across languages. The observations made on the valence patterns and the syntactic expression of the core frame elements are used to verify the validity of the assigned frame, while also highlighting the similarities and differences both between verbs from the same domain in one language (Bulgarian) and between equivalent/similar senses across languages (Bulgarian and English).

За семантичния клас глаголи за контакт чрез преместване

Author(s): Maria Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The study offers a description of a group of verbs from WordNet with the semantic class (primitive) “verbs for contact”, which belong to the set of commonly used vocabulary in Bulgarian. The description focuses on verbs of contact combined with displacement, which include verbs for attaching, detaching, placing, removing, filling, and emptying. A semantic-syntactic description is proposed, which covers the frame elements of the corresponding FrameNet semantic frame and their corresponding syntactic implementations. Situations represented by the semantic frames Attachment, Detachment, Filling, Emptying, Manipulation and Touching are considered. The analyzed information is based on manual verification, editing and addition of the semi-automatic correlation of two large semantic language resources — WordNet and FrameNet. Subclasses of motion contact verbs have been proposed according to the location of physical contact.

Основни фреймове за перцепция и комплексно представяне на семантико-синтактична информация

Author(s): Hristina Kukova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The research focuses on verbs of perception and their conceptual descriptions in Bulgarian. An analytical review of previous theoretical generalisations as well as scientifically applied research is presented. The variety of constructions and syntactic realisations that the representatives of this class of predicates project onto their sentential surroundings serves as a starting point for the present study. The analysis is based on semantic and partly morphological information about the lexical units from WordNet (Fellbaum 1998; Koeva 2021a), as well as on semantic-syntactic specificities by which the lexical units under study are represented in FrameNet (Baker et al. 1998; Ruppenhofer et al. 2016). Seven frames are considered, which demonstrate high frequency and a wide variety of verbal lexical units. The description includes grammatical features of the verbs, semantic and syntactic constraints that the verbal lexical units impose on their frame elements, mapping of the frame elements to a certain synonym set or semantic class of WordNet nouns that corresponds to the properties of the elements in the frame. The status of the frame elements is also adopted from FrameNet, which is essential for the realisation of the given lexical unit.