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ON BINOMIALS IN GERMAN: FORMULAE OF INTENSIFICATION AND ATTENTION CONTROL

Author(s): Bogdana Crivăț / Language(s): German Issue: 32/2023

The aim of this paper is to linguistically analyse lexicalized pair formulae in contemporary German. The study brings together distinctive structural, prosodic and semantic features of binomial expressions and emphasizes their formulaic character in several respects. Their specific stylistic and pragmatic functions will also be discussed. As memorable linguistic means, such fixed form idioms may be assigned to the cognitive domain of intensification and attention-getting.

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Semiotaktyka znaczników hieratycznych: wybrane zagadnienia struktury znaku i procesów semiologicznych

Author(s): Małgorzata Haładewicz-Grzelak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

Małgorzata Haładewicz-Grzelak’s aim in this article is to present the epistemological potential of the semiotactic model in analysis of the cultural opposition of sacred/profane. The research area is the socially constructed cultural space, defined as the sacrosphere. The semiotactic model is based on the insights of contemporary phonology (see e.g. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, 2009) and examines the possibilities of combining signs and their postulated primes. In the paradigm defined in this way, I focus on defining some of the semiotic processes to which selected hieratic markers of the sacrosphere are subject (elements of St. Nicholas’ iconography, roadside shrines and the Moses Tablets). In particular I focus on the simplification of the internal structure of the sign I also discuss heuristically isolated components of a hieratic sign, such as directionality with variants, elevatio and locativus.

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DEFINING PEDAGOGICAL CONCEPTS

Author(s): Daniela Maria Șerban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

The concern of specialists and linguists regarding the study of terminologies has developed in the last decades of the 20th century. Theoretical and practical researches indicate the existence of concerns regarding this field, both internationally and nationally. The establishment of unitary terminological system in order to value the particularities of scientific language, in a broad sense, the interest regarding the relationship between linguistic and terminology represents only a few areas of this domain. The role of pedagogy in cultural development as well as the importance given to this field justifies our interest in this theme, moreover is also the reason of sustaining the relevance as well as the actuality of the recommended approaches of the research. I took into consideration the inner perspective of the approach regarding terminology based on the theory of Maria Teresa Cabré, Angela Bidu-Vrănceanu, firmly convinced of the fact that in an extensive research the dimension of the specialized lexis cannot be ignored. Regarding the scientific approach of my dissertation I highlighted the identification of specific features of the general lexis in the domain of pedagogy, the elements that define the lexical semantic area, extended analysis of the lexical and functional features of the pedagogical terminology. In this context we research the relationship between the common and specialized lexis with the aim of identifying the features of terminology in the field of pedagogy. One of our concerns was to point out the interdisciplinary character of the lexis regarding pedagogy, integrating lexical elements from different scientific domains as well as comparative identification of the relevant features of specialized meanings in pedagogy.

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MIXED COUPLES, BILINGUAL CHILDREN – BILINGUALISM IN THE FAMILY, IDENTITY AND CULTURAL ISSUES

Author(s): Simona GRIGORAȘ / Language(s): French Issue: 32/2023

Bilingualism is still at the heart of the debates; we define several types (early, simultaneous, consecutive, late, compound, additive, neutral, subtractive) and we begin to agree that a perfect mastery of both languages is not possible. The bilingual child or adult benefits from these advantages, but he must also overcome the disadvantages of his status. The family has an important role in the transmission of a language; it is necessary the will of the parents, especially the mothers, and rules inside the house for the use of the codes are needed. The parents use real language strategies. Bilingualism has consequences on the identity and cultural level, because words are linked to our intimate existence and our personal history. At the social level, the principle “one language, one people” has not always imposed itself; today there are still differences between the different linguistic communities that coexist, because language is not only a tool of communication, but also a vision of the world, an image of oneself, an object to be defended. Despite the language policies of the European Commission, national education systems are less prepared for linguistic diversity. In a still standardizing society, bicultural identity seems to have become a reality that should be accepted as enriching, without attaching negative representations to it.

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THE PRINCIPLE OF LINGUISTIC POLITENESS IN THE TELEVISED POLITICAL DISCOURSE DURING THE PANDEMIC

Author(s): Robert Claudiu Bălăiasa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

This paper refers to the classification of the types of politeness in one of the most watched categories of speeches, the political one. The reference area of this type of speech focuses on the televised political one, of the president of Romania, Klaus Iohannis, during the coronavirus pandemic. The speech analysis, of the first man in the Romanian political society, is seen from the perspective of the system developed by P. Brown and C. Levinson, the emphasis being on the difference between the concepts of positive politeness and negative politeness. The main topics of politeness analysis dividing in the Persuasive Force of the Imperative, Thanking Presentation, Avoiding disagreement, Using the optative-conditional mode or Indirect speech act formulation.

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A POETICS OF THE STAGE DIRECTIONS. INDICES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION AND FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN CAMIL PETRESCU’S DRAMATIC WORK

Author(s): Ruxandra Coman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

Camil Petrescu validates the suggestive power of the non-verbal communication indices in the parenthetical text not only with the intention of lyricizing the dramatic discourse, but also to enhances, through expressive means, the deep symbolism of the conflict. All the auxiliary elements to verbal communication provide information about the social status and the relationships between the characters, about their moral traits or state of mind, all the more so as they are rendered through expressive means, emphasizing the verbal conflict by marking, step by step, the dynamics of dramatic communication. When it comes to analysis the paralinguistic modalities of communication given in brackets by the author, some must take into account all the aspects that are somehow involved with the inner message conveyed by the author.

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FROM HUMOR TO SUBTLETY: USING IDIOMS IN THE PRESS TO CAPTIVATE READERS

Author(s): Mădălina TOADER / Language(s): French Issue: 33/2023

This scientific article examines the use of idiomatic expressions in the press as a means to captivate readers. Idiomatic expressions are phrases or linguistic constructions specific to a given language, whose meaning cannot be understood literally. They add a humorous, subtle, and lively dimension to press articles, thereby attracting and retaining readers' attention. In this article, we explore how journalists use these expressions to create catchy headlines and impactful formulations, and we analyze the different nuances of humor and subtlety they convey. We also study the impact of these idiomatic expressions on how readers perceive and interpret the information presented in the articles. By using concrete examples from the press, we highlight the importance of appropriately using idiomatic expressions to arouse readers' interest and engagement.

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PERSONAL DEICTICS IN CURRENT ROMANIAN ADVERTISING DISCOURSE

Author(s): Mădălina Chirilă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

Personal deictics are primarily used in current Romanian advertising discourse to refer to the receiver of the advertising message, with the aim of creating a stronger and more personal connection with the target audience, making them feel directly involved in the advertising message. The direct and individual address induces a sense of closeness and personal engagement by establishing a more intimate and authentic relationship between the brand and the consumer. This can positively influence the audience's perception of the promoted product or service and encourage a favorable response. It's important to note that the use of personal deictics may vary depending on the brand's communication strategy and target audience. Some advertising campaigns may deliberately employ personal deictics to directly and individually address consumers, while others may adopt a more general and impersonal style.

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TYPES OF PRAGMATIC MARKERS IN WHICH PRONOUNS FUNCTION IN CURRENT ROMANIAN ADVERTISING DISCOURSE

Author(s): Mădălina Chirilă / Language(s): French Issue: 33/2023

This article examines the types of pragmatic markers in which pronouns function in current Romanian advertising discourse. After clarifying the theoretical concepts, the author analyzes the function of the pronoun in the pragmatic markers of the turn to speak, where it is a component part of a certain number of verbal and non-verbal signals for assuming or transfer of the role of speaker.

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FASHION-FROM CONCEPT TO FORM OF COMMUNICATION

Author(s): Violeta Marinela Preduţ (Dumitru) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

The term "fashion" came into circulation at the end of the 15th century, in French-mode- and in English- fashion. The semantic history of the concept of "fashion" indicates a register of meanings: from ethical ones -"measure", "decency" and aesthetic ones - "elegance", "manner", "beauty", "good taste", to the general ones of modernity, contemporaneity, actuality. In the common language, the word "fashion" inherited a meaning from all these, while the scientific discourse combined it with the phenomena of communication, imitation, conformity, social change, innovation. There is a tendency to overlap the meaning of the concept of fashion with that of clothing, both in common and scientific language, but fashion is mainly reflected in clothing, but it does not stop there. Clothing communicates information to viewers through the visual language elements of which it is composed, points, lines, colors, color spots, shapes, but at the same time it communicates the social status of the wearer, it communicates the state of mind, some moral values, belonging to various styles and groups. Clothing is an abbreviation of who we are, what we think. In order to truly understand the role that clothing occupies in human society, we must return to its origins, understand the motivations that lead us to use it, establish the place it occupies in modern society and how we can make the consumption of clothing products to reduce global pollution.

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Interactive metadiscourse in dentistry research articles: Iranian vs non-Iranian academic writers

Author(s): Mohsen Khedri,Elham Basirat / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Linguistically, interactive metadiscourse devices are responsible for creating an unfolding and persuasive piece of writing. They help writers come up with a cohesive and reader- friendly text and highlight how they control the interactive meaning. This corpus-driven study is an attempt to explore the use of interactive metadiscourse markers in English dentistry research articles published in International ISI-indexed and Iranian local research-based journals. The aim was to see if interactive resources, as realized by rhetorical options, such as transitions, code glosses, endophoric markers, evidentials, and frame markers, are predisposed to discipline-specific rhetorical conventions. To this end, fourty dentistry research articles were analyzed using Hyland’s (2005) Interpersonal Model of Metadiscourse. The results disclosed similarities and differences in both the frequency and use of interactive resources between the two sets of research articles. The present results are expected to extend our understanding of authorial preferences for the use of metadiscourse markers in tandem with discourse functions in research articles in the selected discipline. The results of such studies may also improve different features of language pedagogy, such as teaching and learning academic writing, namely research articles.

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The function of scare quotes in hard news: metadiscoursal and generic perspectives

Author(s): Zuzana Nádraská / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper is concerned with the issue of scare quoting in British hard news reports. It examines two types of scare quotes distinguished by voice origin – scare quotes originating with the internal voice and scare quotes attributed to an external voice (Dillon 1988, Schneider 2002, Predelli 2003, Bednarek 2006, Meibauer 2015, Nacey 2012). Scare quotes originating with the internal voice are comparable to code glosses (Hyland 2005, 2007) and they reflect the writer’s assumptions about the reader’s expectations regarding various aspects of the enclosed words, including meaning, register and style. Such scare quotes tend to co-occur with explicit verbal metadiscourse, partial quotes and contextualising authorial discourse with which they create functionally homogenous sections. Scare quotes attributed to an external voice overlap with partial direct quotes but the former are overlayed with an authorial attitude towards the enclosed words or the reported speaker; attitude is induced by the interaction between scare quotes and context, especially generic/discourse patterns such as contrast and repetition. The authorial comment signalled by code glossing and attitudinal quotation marks is implicit and thus in line with hard news generic conventions. The functions of scare quotes bear relevance to the novelty and negativity of reported events and are also reflected in the distribution across the generic structure (Urbanová 2013).

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Request strategies and modification devices as performed by Czech EFL learners: a focus on borrowing objects

Author(s): Věra Sládková,Marie Lahodová Vališová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This study presents an analysis of informal written requests from the national school-leaving exam and simulated spoken requests collected via Written Discourse Completion Task (WDCT) to describe pragmalinguistic features used by Czech EFL learners in requests for borrowing objects. In both types of data, the findings reveal strong preference for conventionally indirect strategies and external modification, but considerable underuse of softeners within head acts. The written requests show significant reiteration with a great deal of modification devices outside head acts and a higher proportion of face-threatening features, such as expectations and direct strategies realized by want statements and imperatives. The WDCT requests tend to employ more face-saving strategies but show less variability in request realization. Consequently, awareness raising activities, helping Czech EFL learners fully understand the face-threatening nature of requests, as well as explicit metapragmatic treatment, focusing on strategic use of requests constituents, are recommended.

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Engagement in initiation, response and feedback in l2 classroom interactions

Author(s): Masoomeh Estaji,Meisam Mirzaei Shojakhanlou / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Engagement in the L2 classroom is consequential for enhancing the quality of L2 learning experiences; however, the exploration of engagement in the Initiation, Response, and Feedback (IRF) cycles has received scant attention in L2 pedagogy. This study reports on research, examining engagement in Initiation, Response, and Feedback moves in the IRF cycles. Video recordings and questionnaires were used to collect data from ten EFL classes, being directed by eight teachers, with 73 learners. Using a post-interaction questionnaire and conversation analysis of classroom interactions, the analysis of the data revealed 784 triadic cycles out of which 493 moves embodied engagement. The data showed that not only do the Response and Feedback stages afford L2 learners the opportunity to deliberate on Form-focused language-related episodes (F-LREs), Lexis-focused LREs (L-LREs), and Mechanical LREs (M-LREs), but they also promote social and affective engagement. The comments on the questionnaire also revealed a deeper understanding of the participants’ affective engagement. The findings revealed that certain features of the IRF cycles and peers’ contributions encourage engagement during the IRF cycles. The results also demonstrated that scaffolding, mutuality, reciprocity, back-channeling, and commenting on preceding contributions made L2 learners socially engaged. The analysis suggests that the IRF cycles can create ad-hoc chances for engagement in L2 classroom interactions.

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What is in the paragraphs of various sections of research articles?

Author(s): Renata Pípalová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper strives to uncover the leading paragraph build-up patterns in academic writing. It employs the framework pioneered by Mathesius (1942/1982) and Daneš (1994, 1995), and elaborated on by Pípalová (2005, 2008a, 2008b, 2014). The corpus assembled for the study involves three distinct sections of Research Articles, viz. Abstracts, Introductions and Conclusions. The research confirms the general prevalence of Broad P-theme paragraphs, especially the Content Frame categories. It also demonstrates that non-canonical (i.e. transitional and peripheral) forms of paragraph build-up tend to prevail and identifies a number of factors at play. The paper also shows that the distribution of paragraph patterns is not homogeneous and appears to change across the space of the Research Articles.

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“Where got i that truth?” an analysis of external sources in English and Persian news reports on Syria

Author(s): Abbas A. Rezaee,Mohammad Mozaffari / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

While there has been a plethora of inquiries into reported speech, a cross-linguistic analysis of the source segments in political news reports is still a rarity. This study aims at a three-fold investigation: first, tracking the frequency, transparency, and types of the sources; second, identifying the strategies employed to introduce these sources in text, and third, interrogating the contextual elements. To this end, a bottom-up analysis of 120 news reports from four quality newspapers (Kayhan and Jomhouri-e Eslami from Iran and The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal from the U.S.), mainly informed by van Leeuwen’s (1996) model of social actors, was carried out. The findings suggest a heavy reliance of both sets of newspapers on external sources to fulfill their vested interests, although they varied significantly with respect to frequency, transparency, and type.

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ALL ABOARD FOR NAVY ENGLISH! THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND PRACTICAL BENCHMARKS IN DEVISING A NAVAL TERMINOLOGY COURSE

Author(s): Laura Diana Cizer / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

In accordance with the idea that terminology acts as a bridge between the profession and the practice of languages, this paper gives the outline of a specialized course on naval (maritime) terminology in English. Firstly, it will define the concept of terminology and its importance in language teaching/learning; secondly, several guidelines in devising such a course will be set out. These will cover the most important elements ranging from the course name to budget expenses, referring to the target group, course justification, unit topics, training syllabus, course agenda, objectives, venue, etc. Thirdly, the paper will give a description of the course background, will put forward a model course and will point out its methodological principles. The paper will provide final conclusions related to the course delivery that argue for its importance as one of the tools that ensures understanding and using appropriately the range of naval vocabulary from an early stage.

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DISCURSIVE DEICTIC ELEMENTS IN RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE

Author(s): Alice-Iuliana Roșu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

This corpus-based approach aims at identifying and analyzing the typology, structure and role of discursive person deictic (indexical) elements in conveying an oral message in different communicative religious contexts. The latter ones are characterized by specific data of enunciation and they correspond to some distinct discursive genres of the orthodox religious discourse from the functional point of view: religious lectures and lessons, occasional sermons, homilies, exhortations, paraeneses, etc. Having in view that deixis is one of the most important aspects of discourse pragmatic structure, the present study emphasizes that the enunciation elements find their reference by relating themselves to the real data of the situation of communication.

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THE STYLISTIC ROLE OF THE EPITHET IN 19TH CENTURY TRAVEL TEXTS

Author(s): Gabriela Comănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

In the travel texts of the 19th century, the epithet is the figure of speech best represented, having an important role due to its linguistic features. Adjective, substantive or adverbial determination, the epithet brings extra expressiveness to the travel texts through the prism of its role as an element-component of nominal phrases, a mark of the specific description of these writings. It is a powerful literary tool that allows travel writers to create detailed and vivid images that are unforgettable for their readers. In this paper, we propose to present the expressive role of different types of epithets, classified under grammatical, stylistic and semantic aspects, extracted from 18 travel writings from the 19th century, also highlighting their ability to add depth and complexity to the evoked images.

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DEICTIC MARKS IN EDITORIALS IN ROMANIAN PRESS

Author(s): Eliza Pop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

Starting with Benveniste's theory of subjectivity, in this article we aimed to identify the deictic marks of person, space and time, in our corpus consisting of editorial texts that have the war in Ukraine as a pretext or central subject, in order to demonstrate that journalistic discourse is characterized by subjectivity.

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