SAḤŪRI WALA TBŪRI ELATIVE STRUCTURES IN COLLOQUIAL PALESTINIAN ARABIC PROVERBS

Author(s): Ward Aqil / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2016

Elative structures are very frequent in old Arabic proverbs and in colloquial Arabic proverbs as well. The structure “X wala Y” is one of the most frequent and special elative structures in Arabic proverbs in general. The primary goal of this article is to introduce this structure and its specificity, considering the other elative structures which were found in Palestinian Arabic (PA) proverbs, and in Standard Arabic (SA) proverbs.

Poetyckie gry językowe jako narzędzie wojennej propagandy (na materiale „Okien TASS”)

Author(s): Agata Jankowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The objective of the study is to identify the role of pun language games in propaganda texts. The analysis was based on the works of Soviet poets which consist a part of propagandistic posters “TASS Windows” of the II World War period. The empirical material include the “TASS Windows” posters from the collections of the Perm State Art Gallery, the Vladimir Dahl State Museum of the History of Russian Literature in Moscow and the Russian State Lenin Library in Moscow. The analysis covers examples of language games based on homonymy, paronymy, polysemy, transformation of stable word combinations, as well as etymological figure. The study shows how the poems contained in the TASS posters served to depress the image of the enemy and create a unified picture of reality, based on the opposition “us – them” and corresponding to the wartime propaganda of success.

FEATURES OF THE HISTORICAL VOCABULARY IN THE FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF CATEGORIES AND MOTIVATION

Author(s): H. Kocherha / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article characterizes a word formation, in particular a verbal one, which in the history of its development appeals to the Proto-Slavic heritage and produces the fundamental features of derivation. Transformations of verb-suffix word formation, which is an indicator of segmental changes in categorical, motivational, and semantic-cognitive aspects, have been clarified. It is noteworthy that the word on the basis of which the derivative is formed, since its connections with several creative ones are equally possible, because the specificity of word formation is in its multifacetedness, in the versatility of its connections, and therefore any one-sided consideration of word formation processes ceases to reflect the actual state of affairs and significantly limits its own problematic of word creation. In order to analyze the actual material, the methodological apparatus of Ukrainian derivation (word formation) was applied, other linguistic methods – descriptive with the methods of classification (systematization of the language material), comparative-historical with the methods of etymology, general scientific (induction, deduction, classification, systematization, modeling), cognitive-onomasiological, which makes it possible to characterize the grammatical system of the Old Ukrainian literary language of the 14th – 17th centuries, in particular its word-forming subsystem at the functional and motivational levels. The purpose of the article is to find out the categorical-motivational and structural-word-forming features of the word-forming processes of the denominative verb derivatives in the Old Ukrainian language of the 14th – 17th centuries. The description of the morphological system and structure of the Ukrainian language, based on the main fundamental principles of motivation and categorization of grammar, will contribute to the creation of a conceptually whole, consistent description of the grammatical systems of the modern Slavic languages, the development of typological studies in the grammatical Slavic studies [Gramatiki, 2013, p. 14]. The motivational processes of the Old Ukrainian denominative verbs of the 15th - 17th centuries can be traced both in propositional-dictum and associative-terminal motivations, where the usual connections of the motivating word and their reproduction in the semantics of the derivative are an important feature of the semantic structure of derivatives. Cognitive and onomasiological analysis of the denominative verbs in the segment of functionality and categorization will serve as a perspective for further scientific studies. The history of the derivational processes of the language of the Ukrainian nation, recorded in the written records of the Old Ukrainian period of the 14th – 18th centuries, presents the stages of formation of the verbal word-formation system and demonstrates the implementation of those changes that format the grammatical structure of the language at a certain historical stage.

Jazyk, styl, sémantické kontexty. Přínos Karla Hausenblase k výzkumu uměleckých textů

Author(s): Petr Mareš / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2023

This paper focuses on publications by Karel Hausenblas on questions surrounding literature and literary texts. Hausenblas is one of the classics of Czech linguistic bohemistics, but he also published numerous articles of significance to the study of literature. This overview describes the main areas of Hausenblas’s literary explorations: His conception of style as a principle that integrates all levels of texts into a dynamic unit proved to be adequate to the complex structure of literary works. He analyzed the use of language in the works of various Czech writers and explored the semantic, thematic and communication structures in literature. He also dealt with the features of poetry and with the problems of literary translation. Karel Hausenblas’s legacy, combining theoretical elements with thorough analyses, still deserves interest and inspires us to follow.

Karel Hausenblas a teorie literatury

Author(s): Ondřej Sládek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2023

This study discusses the approach of Karel Hausenblas (1923–2003), an important Czech linguist and Bohemist, towards literary theory. The main objectives of the study are: 1) to outline the basic theoretical and methodological principles of Karel Hausenblas’s scholarly research; 2) to present Hausenblas’s conception and treatment of selected terms from literary theory (especially “theme”, “literary character” and “space”). The author of the study demonstrates that the theoretical assumptions and methodological principles on which Hausenblas based his stylistic research draw significantly from Czech structuralism, formulating six of his most important theoretical and methodological principles. The outline of his treatment of such literary-theory concepts as “theme”, “literary character” and “space” make it clear that Hausenblas was not looking for a fundamentally new conception, but was much more concerned about their precise definition and correlation.

Erori de producere a cuvintelor în context afazic

Author(s): Eliza DARIE (MORARU) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

This article is part of the paper „Patterns and errors of word production in aphasic contexts”. To begin with, generalities about aphasia and a cognitive neuropsychology model of spoken word production are presented, which addresses four stages involved in word retrieval: semantic system, phonological output lexicon, phonological set, and articulatory programming, and finally speech. Also, as a theoretical aspect, the three types of word utterance errors are presented: the imaginability, frequency, and length effects. The theoretical aspects are then exemplified in a case study. The aim of the research was to identify from a neurocognitive point of view in which domain the disorder is located, and which pattern of word production errors can be identified, in order to intervene specifically in language recovery, proposing an intervention plan. Among the conclusions, it can be mentioned that although aphasic symptomatology is well known, the approach from the proposed perspective created specific opportunities for recovery.

Scytyjskie zoonimy w leksykonie Hesychiosa

Author(s): Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article discusses seven Scythian glosses preserved in the lexicon of Hesychius of Alexandria (5th–6th AD), which refer to the domesticated animals or the East European wild fauna. Four among the analysed zoonyms have a confirmed Scythian origin (explicitly indicated by the Greek lexicographer), whereas two (ἀρανίς · ἔλαφος “aranis – deer”; γοῖτα· οἶς “goita – sheep”) are attributed to the Scythian vocabulary based on a reasonable conjecture. The seventh gloss concerns a typical Scythian drink obtained from a mare’s milk. A meticulous analysis of lexical data makes it possible to determine clearly the etymology of three Scythian names for domesticated animals, namely sheep, dog and mare, cf. Scyth. γοῖτα ‘sheep’ (< Iran. *gaiθā- ‘flock of sheep’); Scyth. παγαίη ‘dog’ (< *spakai ̯ā- ← Iran. *śaka- m. ‘dog’); Gk. ἱππάκη f. ‘mare’s milk drink’ (← Scyth. *appākā ← Scyth. *appā- f. ‘mare’ < *aspā- < Iran. *aśā- f. ‘id.’). Additionally, Hesychius of Alexandria noted four Scythian terms for wild animals, namely reindeer (or moose), deer, swan and locust, cf. Scyth. τάρανδος ‘reindeer or moose’ (← Finno-Ugric *ćar/ań/ta ‘reindeer / moose’); Scyth. ἀρανίς ‘deer, stag’ (< Iran. *araniš, cf. Lith. elenìs, élnis ‘deer’); Scyth. ἄγλυ ‘swan’ (< Iran. *madgu- ‘a species of water bird’); Scyth. ἀδιγόρ ‘locust’ (< Iran. *atahī-gar/a/-, originally ‘devouring the grass’).

Приложение на теорията на Грайс в лингвистични изследвания

Author(s): Elena Tsvetkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

Two tasks are assigned to this article, related to Grice's theory of conversational implicatures. One of them is concerned with the distinction that Mark Jary proposes between behavioral and material conversational implicatures and the idea that, if this distinction is accepted, then Grice’s notion of non-natural meaning is reduced to cases of behavioral implicatures. An attempt is made to disprove this position and simultaneously maintain the distinction between the two types of implicature. The second task is related to the application of Grice’s theory in linguistic studies to further develop explanations for the processing of utterances containing metaphor or irony.

Rus Dilbilim Ekolünde Söylem ve Metin

Author(s): Sonnur Aktay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 116/2023

In recent years, scientific studies on the structure and functioning of the terms discourse and text have gained momentum, and different approaches have been proposed. The multifaceted nature of the terms discourse and text sometimes leads to confusion, to the extent that in academic studies, these concepts are occasionally used interchangeably. It is important to elimination of uncertainty in scientific studies, in which respect the concepts of discourse and text, defined by different disciplines such as linguistics, textlinguistics, communicative linguistics, semantics, ethnology, pragmatics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, form similarity or difference. Although discourse research is rooted in the West, Russian studies are increasing day by day. Studies conducted through the Moscow School (V. I. Tyupa), which defines discourse as a communicative phenomenon, and the Volgograd School (N. D. Arutyunova), which sees discourse as a coherent text with extra-linguistic, pragmatic, sociocultural, psychological, etc. factors, give direction to discourse research. In this context, the theoretical definitions of the concepts of discourse and text made by Russian linguists in the light of Russian linguistic research, the points where the two terms are used interchangeably, their scope and limitations are discussed comparatively. The aim of the study is to bring the schools, linguists and the theories developed by Russian linguists on the discourse field to the Turkish literature and to reveal the communicative aspect of the concepts of discourse and text with Russian text examples. In the study, using the qualitative research method, resources on discourse in Russia were provided and a comparative analysis of academic studies was carried out.

The Transmission of the Old Church Slavonic Version of the Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Problem of Its Glagolitic Substratum

Author(s): Alessandro Maria Bruni / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The present paper deals with the problem of the alleged Glagolitic substratum of the Old Church Slavonic version of the Homilies (λόγοι) of Gregory of Nazianzus (ca. 329–390), undertaken in Bulgaria between the late 9th and the early 10th century. This article aims to offer a contribution to this issue in a multidisciplinary perspective. From a methodological point of view, an attempt is made to tackle it not only by studying the material and graphic aspects of the manuscripts witnesses, but also by considering the results of their text-critical and linguistic analysis. Accordingly, a number of previously unstudied paleographical, codicological, orthographical, phonetical, textual and lexical features are subjected to examination. On the one hand, the author investigates the Glagolitic letters found in the oldest Cyrillic witness of this translation, some of which were only recently discovered; on the other, he explores several scribal mistakes, lexical archaisms and hapax legomena. Moreover, a few very special readings, featuring the reflex / šč / for Protoslavic *tj are investigated for the first time. All the collected evidence points to how two Homilies of this corpus in all likelihood originally circulated in Glagolitic and how their Cyrillic transliteration was in all probability carried out soon afterwards in the Balkan area.

Croatian Glagolitic Psalters in the Tradition of the Slavonic Psalter

Author(s): Ivona Karachorova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This publication centres around analysing the relationship between the Lobković Psalter from 1359, the Parisian Psalter from approximately 1380, and the Vienna (Fraščić) commented Psalter from 1463 in regards to other texts in the various redactions of the Slavonic Psalter. In the study of the history of the Slavonic Psalters, hey are commonly classified as belonging to the archaic redaction (the original Slavonic translation), as represented by the oldest known Slavonic Psalter, the Glagolitic Psalterium Sinaiticum from the 11th century. In this article, we aim to find a solution to this issue by comparing these three copies of the Psalter with 19 others from different redactions. On the basis of 178 accepted diagnostic different readings between the two major redactions of the Psalter, the 14th-century Archaic redaction and the 14th-century Athonite redaction, their relationship to the respective redactions is analysed. In general, all three follow the archaic redaction (most consistently the Vienna Psalter), with only a few exceptions. The position of the Vienna Psalter among the known copies of the Psalter with the Commentary of Hesychius of Jerusalem is determined. Furthermore, it is suggested that South Slavonic Psalter copies have influenced the Croatian Psalter.

Meaning and Interpretation of the Sacred Tetragrammaton

Author(s): Borislav Popov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The research explores the problems stemming from the mystery of the sacred tetragrammaton, its etymology and some interpretation of its meaning in the Judaism. Its major variants in the transmission of the tetragrammaton in the Old Bulgarian and Old Slavic traditions, as well as in the Church Slavonic and Modern Bulgarian translations of the Old Testament, have been placed under consideration and analyzed. Despite certain grammatical and semantic inconsistencies with the original Hebrew text, the semantics of the tetragrammaton has been largely reflected and preserved in the translations et the essence of God's name encoded originally in the Ancient Hebrew text, and later in the Septuagint. The discrepancies in the translations are due to the specificity in the grammatical (verb) system of Hebrew, which is not found in the ancient Greek and in the Slavic languages, i.e. the reason is the interlinguistic asymmetry.

Banat Literature as a Part of the Literature of Bulgarian Catholics – Lexical Data of Succession

Author(s): Magdalena Abadzhieva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The Banat Bulgarians (Palkeni) are part of the Bulgarian Catholic community, and the study of the linguistic and cultural connections between these two groups is necessary to help affirm the identity of the Banat Bulgarians and recognize them as a full-fledged part of Bulgarian society – with its specifics, but also with its common features. Since the literature of the Banat Bulgarians developed in emigration after the Chiprovtsi uprising of 1688, it is necessary to trace to what extent on a linguistic level it approaches the literature created by the rest of the Bulgarian Catholic Bulgarian lands. The report aims to present preliminary observations of lexical continuity between the Banat Bulgarians and the Catholic Bulgarians around Plovdiv according to book monuments from the 19th century.

Наименования местных албанских сортов винограда

Author(s): Marina V. Domosiletskaya,Alexander A. Novik / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2023

The origin of the names of indigenous Albanian grape varieties is the aim of this work. In total, about 40 ampelonyms were collected and studied. Most of them are original – a. clearly motivated: Korrithi (July), Dimerak (winter), Manakuq (red mulberry) and many others; b. based on Albanian toponyms: Durrsaku, Kallmet, Muzhaku, Sinabel and others. About a third of the Albanian ampelonyms are borrowings and are due to the contacts with the neighbouring ethnic groups: Debina (Greek), Mavrud (Greek/Slavic), Dimjat, Mereshnik, Tajka, Vranak (Slavic), Qelibar, Jediveren (Turkish), Serinё (Turkish/Greek), Rozё (Italian). To emphasize the relatively late penetration of the grape variety, xenonomination (Stambolleshë) can be used.

Historical Development of the Croatian Language and Its Relation to the Languages of the Balkan Linguistic Area

Author(s): Sandra Požar / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In addition to a brief overview of the historical development of the Croatian language in the linguistic and sociolinguistic sense (as a literary and standard language), the paper attempts to examine its relationship to the languages of the Balkan linguistic area. Marginal presence of Balkan language features in Croatian is indicated, since Croatian territory is also geographically on the edge of the Balkans. But, since there has not been systematic research on this subject yet, the paper is merely an attempt to draw attention to some phenomena that might be interesting and to encourage further research and discussion.

Рецензия: Велин Петров (2023). Българският език като балкански език. Велико Търново: Университетско издателство „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“, 234 стр. ISBN: 978-619-208-353-3

Author(s): Stoyan Burov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2023

Упoтрeбa и прeфeрeнциja грaмaтичкe и сeмaнтичкe кoнгруeнциje кoд пaукaлних синтaгми

Author(s): Milica Mrkonjić,Nevenka Marković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 54/2023

In this research paper, we studied the preference for grammatical and semantic congruence in paucal phrases among Bijeljina respondents. Excluded were non-locals and nonSerbian speakers. Factors considered were: gender, age, education, and living environment. A questionnaire with two parts was used: completion of 12 sentences and rating 24 positively oriented statements (12 for each congruence). 60 online respondents participated. Results show a favorable view of grammatical congruence and less so for semantic congruence.

Етнолингвистичният речник на българската народна медицина – фрагмент от българската езикова картина на света

Author(s): Mariyana Vitanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Over the centuries, traditional Bulgarian folk culture has developed a system of healing practices and magical rites for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. The lexemes from the thematic groups of health and disease reveal the knowledge and experience of Bulgarians in the treatment and prevention of diseases, as well as the place of physical and mental health in their value system. The aim of the Ethnolinguistic Dictionary of Bulgarian Folk Medicine is to present the concepts of health and disease in the Bulgarian linguistic picture of the world in a synchronous and diachronic aspect, revealing their linguistic representatives in dialects from all over the Bulgarian language and medieval manuscripts.

MARK TWAIN`S HUCKLEBERRY FINN - A LESSON OF THE RIVER IN THE SPIRIT OF PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION AND AN INVENTION OF LANGUAGE IN AN EMERSONIAN SENSE

Author(s): Lucian Radu / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2023

This paper illustrates that Mark Twain`s Huckleberry Finn survives mostly because Huck`s search for a freedom of “consciousness”, which takes the form of a journey and transforms itself into a life lesson in terms of progressive education as it was conceived by John Dewey, in his educational theory, and because it is an invention of a language for American fiction as it was envisaged by Ralph Waldo Emerson.

POREDBENE FRAZEME U ANDRIĆEVOJ PROKLETOJ AVLIJI I NJIHOVI ITALIJANSKI EKVIVALENTI

Author(s): Nermina Čengić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2023

A simile is a semantic-stylistic figure, very common in literary texts and authors tend to use it to give their text a new, broader, figurative meaning. In the category of simile, there exist simile phrases, that is, a special type of phraseological unit intended to create a more powerful artistic impression. Given the high frequency of use of these lexical elements in Ivo Andrić's literary works, to conclude their structure and use in Bosnian, we will analyze several phraseological units that contain similes, all taken from Andrić's novel Devil’s Yard. We consider it interesting to observe these lexical units contrastively, so in the Italian translation of Devil’s Yard (La Corte del Diavolo) done by Lionello Costantini, we will identify the Italian equivalents of original simile phrases and analyze their characteristics. With this contrastive analysis, we aim to offer an overview of the basic features of special lexical constructions which contain similes, and to make generalizations about the similarities and differences in their structure, meaning and use in the two language systems. The results of this study will also allow us to comment on the intensity of the author's creativity and the skill of the translator to recognize the semantic and stylistic value of these phraseological units and transfer them into the Italian language.