On a Series of Marginally Productive Patterns. English <en> Verbs

Author(s): Georgi Georgiev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This paper reflects on the <en> verbs of English with respect to their word-formation, their morphological and syntactic properties, their motivation, and their status. The verbs are divided into several groups on the basis of a set of criteria, the central criterion being their word-formation pattern. The influence of the interplay of several categories – phrasality, transitivity, perfectivity, inchoativness, the ergative element and causality – on the verbs is discussed. In analyzing the categories, significant attention is paid to the role that grammatical context plays in motivating the appearance of these lexical items. Thus, symmetry is introduced where such has hitherto been lacking.

Philologie – Wissenschaft der Sprachkontakte

Author(s): István Nyomárkay / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2011

Texts are the most reliable bases for investigating language contacts. The field of research for philology is the analysis and semantic processing of texts. The present study deals with the effects of Hungarian terminology on Croatian judiciary terminology in the 15th century based on the original Latin book of law and its contemporary Hungarian and Croatian translations. The corpus in this research contains words borrowed from Hungarian as well as calques and semantic loans created on the basis of Hungarian patterns. In addition, the study analyzes various attitudes behind certain phrases.

Europos Sąjungos kibernetinio saugumo terminai su dėmeniu kibernetinis, (-ė): reikšmės, kilmė, sinonimija ir variantai

Author(s): Robertas Stunžinas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 24/2017

This article discusses the meanings, origin, synonymy and variations of EU cyber security terms with compound kibernetinis, (-ė) (cyber). The analysis shows that cyber security terms in most cases denote harmful actions and harmful activities or defence actions or defence measures: kibernetinė vagystė (cybertheft), kibernetinis terorizmas(cyberterrorism), kibernetinė gynyba (cyber defence), kibernetinių incidentų pratybos(cyber incident exercises), kibernetinis išteklius (cyber assets). Relatively rarely terms are used to denote persons and their characteristics: kibernetikos ekspertas (cyber expert), kibernetinis šnipas (cyberspy), kibernetinio saugumo įgūdžiai (cybersecurity skills).From the point of view of its origin, cybersecurity terminology is heterogenous. It can be concluded that the majority of cyber security terms are borrowed from warfare and forensics: kibernetinis karas (cyber war), kibernetinė kriminalistika (cyber forensics).Fewer terms are taken from ecology, health, physics, politics, economics, technology,computer science, geography, pedagogy and law: kibernetinė ekosistema (cyber ecosystem),kibernetinė higiena (cyber hygiene), kibernetinio saugumo atsparumas (cyber securityresilience), kibernetinė diplomatija (cyber diplomacy), kibernetinis išteklius (cyber assets),kibernetinio saugumo subjektas (cybersecurity entity), kibernetiniai gebėjimai (cyber skills).The majority of Lithuanian cyber security terms can be considered as calques – qualitative characteristics of more than a half of the Lithuanian terms analyzed completely match with the characteristics of English terms: kibernetinė politika – cyber policy,kibernetinė rizika – cyber risk, kibernetinio saugumo sistema – cyber security systems. Not matching terms have differences in number and meaning of components: dialogaskibernetikos klausimais – cyber dialogue, atkūrimas po kibernetinio incidento – cyber recovery,kibernetinis išteklius – cyber assets.In Lithuanian cybersecurity terminology clarity is the principal consideration therefore longer and non-metaphorical equivalents compared to English terms are used: atkūrimaspo kibernetinio incidento – cyber recovery, kibernetinio saugumo priemonės irtechnologijos – cybersecurity capabilities, grėsmių kibernetiniam saugumui kitimas – cybersecuritythreat landscape. Half of the analyzed terms have synonyms: elektroninė diplomatija– kibernetinė diplomatija – skaitmeninė diplomatija (cyber diplomacy, e-diplomacy,digital diplomacy), kibernetinis nusikaltėlis – kibernetinis užpuolikas (cyber attacker).Synonymy of cyber security terminology is characterized by variety and synonyms could have been caused different time of usage or by aim for the intention to createan appropriate form of expression. Cyber security terminology is a new terminology and is characterized by variety ofexpression. Quite a lot other cyber security terms are used in on-line publications. Inon-line publications instead of borrowed or mixed terms Lithuanian terms are used:kibernetinis puolimas, kibernetinis žvalgas, kibernetinis įvykis. Some cyber security terms have non-typical structure and are used with component kiber(-): kiberginklas,kiberveiksmas, kiber ataka.

IREALNE KONDICIONALNE KLAUZE UVEDENE VEZNIKOM SI I NJIHOVI PREVODNI EKVIVALENTI U CRNOGORSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Sonja Špadijer / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 25/2018

L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser la structure des propositions conditionnelles françaises introduites par la conjonction si avec l’hypothèse irréelle dans la protase, et de déterminer leurs équivalents de traduction en langues monténégrine-serbe, bosniaque, croate. Par la méthode d'analyse contrastive, nous étudierons la distribution des formes verbales et des modes verbaux dans les structures en question, en français et en monténégrin afin de décrire les modèles syntaxiques respectifs. Outre cela, lorsque ces propositions conditionnelles se trouvent dans le contexte du discours indirect avec la concordance des temps, nous avons observé que le type de la proposition conditionnelle ne se décode pas littéralement et directement de la structure formelle du modèle syntaxique.

Карактеристике српског гејмерског дискурса

Author(s): Milan Todorović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2016

In this paper we studied the influence of the English language on the discourse of people in the area of video games. In the first part of the paper we introduced the lexicological and sociolinguistic terminology, which is necessary to understand and fully appreciate the characteristics of the gamer discourse. Additionally, we scrutinised the status of the English language as a lingua franca. We gathered the corpus by observing a group of gamers who communicate with each other over Facebook. Furthermore, we gave a survey to the aforementioned group. Results indicate an overwhelmingly positive attitude towards the use of the English language in combination with Serbian when the subject of video games is raised.

MAGIC AND WITCHCRAFT IN THE GREEK BIBLE: LEXICAL ASPECTS

Author(s): Dimitar Iliev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The article deals with the history of the usage of several Greek terms from the lexical field of μάγος and μαγεία. It follows their occurrences from the earliest attestations in classical Greek literature up to the New Testament as well as in the translational texts of the Septuagint. The terms are examined in contrast with some other semantically related notions such as γόης. In the case of LXX, the relation of the translational Greek to some of the original Aramaic and Hebrew terms is briefly discussed. Conclusions are made as to the degree of pejorative load in μάγος and its derivatives and their relation to notions in the semantic field of ‚religion‘, to the extent that the latter can be clearly delineated in Greek culture. It is also observed how the system of concepts in the field of magic and witchcraft changed with the expansion of Greek culture in Hellenistic times as well as with the advent of Christianity.

Ismétlés. Kép. Képi differencia

Author(s): Erika Fám / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2018

The repetition is a philosophical category, since Kierkegaard the term is present in the image theory. Gilles Deleuze in his work Différence et répétition (Difference and repetition) constructed the fundamentals of repetition theory. The difference at Deleuze (this is not the same term as the différance at Derrida) is defined in the context of the repetition. Gottfried Boehm in the seventies introduced the term of iconic difference (ikonische Differenz), parallel was Deleuze and Guattari who in their common work Mille plateaux talk about the term machine abstraite (abstrakte Maschine), in the context of definition of the face, as an image. In my study I analyse the relationship between the repeated images and the iconic difference and I talk about the nonverbal structure of the iconic difference.

Структурнo-семантичні особливості українських і польських слів з префіксами не-, без- i nie-, bez-

Author(s): Mirosława Czetyrba-Piszczako / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: V/2000

Uporządkowanie słownictwa jako przedmiot zainteresowań semantyki rosyjskiej i polskiej

Author(s): Magdalena Kuratczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: I/1996

Структурнo-семантические типы эмотивных высказываний на русском и польском языках : (на материале повести А. Толстого "Гадюка")

Author(s): Serafima Jerszowa / Language(s): Russian Issue: I/1996

Symbolic Transformation of the Widow`s Image in Biblical Cultural Tradition: Semantics, Analogies, Universal Features

Author(s): Oleh Mikhaylovich Shepetyak,Svitlana Anatoliyivna Khrypko / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The purpose of the work is to analyze the specific features of a widow‘s image and status on the Bible pages, to consider semantic contexts of an image, to follow the parallels between the images of an orphan and a widow, to conceive a loneliness phenomenon and orphans‘ and widows‘ protection in Biblical tradition. Axiological variety and poly vector spiritual and semantic representation of Biblical women‘ images are the main focuses of the issue. Methodologically the issue is based on the original source of the Bible. The work is based on methodical description of the women‘ images, who are selected from the Old and New Testament in order to highlight valued features of each image. Moreover, the methods of semantic analysis and hermeneutics are applied to consider semantic differences. The principles of comparative analysis are applied in order to reveal the traits of a widow‘s image in the blocks of historical texts and compare Ukrainian context of widows‘ existence with biblical one. Scientific novelty is in the poly semantic analysis of the women‘ Biblical context and widows‘ images separation with further analysis of their fates, valued statuses, which allowed them to embody the problems of motherhood and marriage, future children birth and solitude, the problem of divine protection in different ways. The issue is devoted to the consideration of symbolic and axiological poly vector transformations of the mentioned problems. Conclusions. The social polarity and spiritual separation of a widow‘s place and role in ancient tradition, and poly vector semantics of a widow‘s Biblical context are conceived. The attention is drawn to the varied contexts of solitude, selectiveness, devoted life, vocation, divine protection of a widow. A widow‘s image is compared with orphans‘ statuses, levits, foreigners, etc. A widow‘s figure is shown as a symbolic one. The ideas of selectiveness, God blessing, obedience, and humility, a miracle of sacred and virgin life are embodied in a person, whose name is translated as ―tears of sea‖. Virgin Mary is a crown of a widow‘s image understanding in Biblical tradition.

Блискозначне именице 'основа' и 'темељ' и методе њихове семантичке диференцијације

Author(s): Jelena Perišić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 50/2019

The ability of individual lexemes to appear in different contexts, providing variable semantic realization, is often a result of their insufficiently specified semantics, and for this reason they are called semantic underspecified lexemes. Given the fact that the meaning of underspecified lexemes is determined based on the immediate environment in which they appear, collocations are a worthy minimal context to explore their meaning. In this paper we will examine the examples of collocations with lexemes ‘osnova’ and ‘temelj’, in order to determine their meaning, the degree of matching of their semantics and a conceptualization of terms denoted by these nouns. Before proceeding to the study, we will present the results of earlier research on this topic – research of Milka Ivić on semantic underspecification of lexeme thing and the research of Rajna Dragićević of lexeme ‘osnova’. Unlike the Rajna Dragićević who examined semantic underspecification of lexeme ‘osnova’ using a conceptual analysis, in this research we will primarily use collocation method, which is developed in Serbian linguistics by Boris Hlebec. A basic hypothesis is that the results of the use of these methods will coincide to a large extent, and that is an assumption which R. Dragićević states in her study. Corpus research represent collocation with lexemes ‘osnova’ and ‘temelj’, registered in the Corpus of Contemporary Serbian language made at the Faculty of Mathematics in Belgrade.

Metafore istine u srpskom jeziku

Author(s): Jovana Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 50/2019

This paper discusses the conceptualization of the abstract notion lexicalized as truth in order to establish the conceptual metaphors as mechanisms of comprehension. The research rests on the postulates of the conceptual method, one of the crucial tools for examining meanings in cognitive linguistics. The research is being conducted on the Corpus of contemporary Serbian (SrpKor), from which three hundred different examples of a contextualized lexeme will be extracted, and the functional affiliation of the selected examples will be observed. A statistical analysis will be conducted, which involves insight into the frequency of the conceptual metaphorsʼ source domains. Finally, the elements in the conceptualization of this abstract notion which reveal cultural peculiarities of native speakers will be analyzed.

Промотивне (акцијске) понуде у рекламном дискурсу исказане независносложеном реченицом са кондиционалним међуклаузалним семантичким односом

Author(s): Marina J. Šafer / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 50/2019

This paper showcases coordinate clauses with conditionality semantics. The examples are excerpted from advertising discourse, where the first clause recommends/offers to buy a specific product or service, (in most cases using verbs ”купити“ and ”изабрати/одабрати“), while the second clause explains the consequences which always bear a positive outcome for the interlocutor, (reader or buyer), and which will set in if the recommended action of the first clause is fulfilled (in most cases using verbs ”добити (на поклон)“, ”освојити“, ”остварити (попуст)“). Those positive outcomes are the responsibility of the discourse initiator, in most cases a specific brand, and they materialize through various gifts, rewards, discounts, etc. Apart from lexical semantics of the verbs which comprise the first and second clause predicates, the paper points to the syntactic structure of these sentences: the first sentence predicate always uses imperative verb forms, while the predicate of the second is Serbian future tense type-I, or other future verb forms: present (especially for imperfective verbs) and imperative mood. Future type-I occurs in the fewest examples.

Усвајање перифрастичних конструкција у српском језику као страном

Author(s): Jasmina Dražić,Jelena Ajdžanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 50/2019

Periphrastic predicative expressions present a special type of sentential units which usually do not coincide on a cross-language level either by their contents or their form (e.g. Serbian постићи договор: Polish dojść do porozumienia: English to reach an agreement), which makes their acquisition difficult for students of Serbian as a foreign language. Therefore, one of the main tasks of the theorists and practitioners in the domain of foreign language teaching is the identification of such structures, as well as the explanation of their meaning according to the semantics of the noun as the semantic focus of the phrase. The aim of this paper is to explore, by using two verbs – acquire and reach the following phenomena: (a) the selection of verbal lexemes and their complements, (b) the proposal for a presentation of such pairs in teaching Serbian as a foreign language and (c) an outline of their lexicographical treatment.

O modalnim prilozima u engleskom i njima odgovarajućim oblicima u srpskom jeziku

Author(s): Tijana Mihić Pijetlović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 12/2015

This paper deals with a contrastive analysis of modal adverbs in the English language and their corresponding forms in the Serbian language. The analysis is based on an eclectic model, which represents a combination of the theory of metaphorical extension and the theory of modality as epistemic deixis. The paper focuses on combinations of modal adverbs and modal verbs in which the adverb modifies, complements or transforms the meaning of the verb. A modal adverb and a modal verb may be combined provided that they both express the same or similar modal meanings. A modal adverb and a modal verb from the opposite extremes of the epistemic scale cannot be combined because of collocational restrictions. The degree of modality expressed by modal adverbs may also be additionally intensified by other adverbs, which are called intensifiers. The analysis includes syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of modal adverbs. The contrastive analysis shows that English and Serbian are typologically similar languages.

Турски суфикси у Зони Замфировој Стевана Сремца

Author(s): Aleksandra D. Rakić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 20/2019

The aim of this paper is to examine the usage of Turkish suffixes in Stevan Stemac’s Zamfirʼs Zona and to show which suffixes are most frequent. Particular emphasis is laid on semantic categorisation of lexemes with Turkish suffixes -cija / -dzija (-ci / -dzi), -lija (-li), -luk, -ana, -basa, -suz and -dzik. On the basis of the analysis conducted, most frequent Turkish suffixes in this novel are -cija / -dzija, -lija and -luk. Suffixes -ana and -suz are detected twice, while suffixes -basa and -dzik are detected once.

Антонимија придева просторних односа

Author(s): Marija S. Milosavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 20/2019

This paper analyses the antonymy of spatial adjectives. The aim is to verify the extent to which the frequency of occurrence of certain associations is related with the meaning of adjectives and the degree of opposition among members of adjectival antonymic pairs. Adjective antonyms were analysed on the basis of the Associative Dictionary and verbal associations, which were obtained through a survey with associative tests. Based on the material from the dictionary, it was concluded that in adjectives that have regular antonyms, in most cases the antonym appears as the first association. However, the survey has shown that with adjectives that have an antonym, the antonym does not necessarily appear as the most frequent association.

Адвербијални фразеологизми са структуром фонетске ријечи у дјелима А. П. Чехова

Author(s): Marija Paunović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 10/2014

This paper analyses adverbial phraseologisms of the phonetic word structure featuring two closely related Slavic languages. With regard to the basic corpus used, there are excerpts from original works in Russian by A. P. Chekhov and their respective translations into Serbian, with extensions in the form of several lexicographic sources. In this respect, the paper aims at comparing adverbial phraseologisms in both languages from the structural-semantic aspect, whereby special attention is paid to the issue of the status of adverbial structures in them, with reference to the case.

Morfološka analiza anglicizama u ekonomskom registru srpskog jezika

Author(s): Milica Bogdanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2014

The subject of this paper is morphological adaptation of anglicisms, which have flooded Serbian economic terminology for the last two decades. Some loanwords have adapted in compliance with the rules of the Serbian language. However, some have brought in certain innovations. The aim of this paper is to analyse the way certain parts of speech are formed in the Serbian language, as well as to point to new practices, which do not comply with the prescribed norm. The analysis is based on Filipovic’s theory of languages in contact, and the corpus presents textbooks in marketing and finance, scientific and professional publications and dictionaries.