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Generic bare plurals in Russian and beyond

Author(s): Daria Seres / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This paper focuses on indirect reference to kinds achieved by means of bare plural nominal expressions in Russian, which is a language without articles. These NPs refer to sums of individuals, whose denotation is built on Number. Their default interpretation is indefinite, while generic and definite readings are a result of a pragmatic strengthening, i.e. these readings appear only in certain environments (argument position of k-level predicates, subject position of characterising statements) and depend on the world knowledge of interlocutors. Generically and definitely interpreted expressions are similar to each other, being characterised by maximality, identifiability and presupposition of existence. However, the former ones cannot be spatiotemporally localised or anaphorically anchored. Going beyond Russian, it is suggested that in some languages genericity (along with definiteness) may be encoded semantically by means of a definite article, while in others it is pragmatically inferred on bare NPs; this difference can account for the inter- and intralinguistic variation in the expression of genericity.

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An unexplained difference between reflexive and copular clausal passives in Romanian

Author(s): Alexandra Cornilescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Romanian possesses a reflexive passive structure, the se-passive, where se is a reflexive clitic, and a copular passive, formed with the auxiliary fi ‘be’. For both passives, the passivized object is either nominal or clausal. While for nominal objects there is a balanced distribution of the two passives, with clauses, there is a sharp difference of acceptability between clausal se-passives and clausal fi-passives. Clausal se-passives occur with any transitive verb and sound perfect. Clausal fi-passives are infrequent and sometimes even unattested. The aim of this paper is to present an account of this difference, while also predicting which syntactic means improve the acceptability of fi-passives. We argue that the contrast between clausal fi- and se– passives springs from the different manner in which the features of Tense, in particular the uD feature, are checked, and show that it is only in se-passives that all the features of T are valued.

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Imola-Ágnes Farkas & Adriana Todea (eds.). 2020. The Science of Linguistics – Papers in Honour of Ştefan Oltean

Author(s): Irina Stoica / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Review: Imola-Ágnes Farkas & Adriana Todea (eds.). 2020. The Science of Linguistics – Papers in Honour of Ştefan Oltean. Cluj Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană. x + 279pp. Reviewed by Irina Stoica

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Cyfrowe metamorfozy, czyli słów kilka o Owidiuszu w serwisie YouTube. Rekonesans

Author(s): Konrad Dominas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article is an attempt at a preliminary analysis of Ovid’s presence (his life and work) on YouTube from two perspectives: syntactic, taking into account the specific nature of the website and social media, and comparing the current knowledge about the author of Metamorphoses with examples of his reception.

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Zapożyczenia czy przełączanie kodów? Analiza integracji morfo-syntaktycznej litewskich i rosyjskich rzeczowników w powieści Bartosza Połońskiego „Robczik”

Author(s): Irena Masojć / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

One of the most debated issues in the research on linguistic interactions includes the problem of differentiating between borrowings and effects of code-switching, which is solved in a particularly complex way by studying the interaction of closely related languages. The aim of the article is to reveal various ways of integrating Lithuanian and Russian nouns used in informal communication in the Polish language in Lithuania and to make attempts to answer the question of whether the degree of morphosyntactic adaptation can be used to determine the boundary between the borrowings and effects of code-switching. The study is based on the linguistic material of the novel Robczik by Bartosz Połoński, in which the author fairly accurately reconstructed the slang of young people at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. The analysis shows that in the case of typologically and genetically similar languages, foreign lexical items are incorporated into the syntactic structure of the language in several ways. However, the morphosyntactic integration of Lithuanian and Russian words is not a sufficient criterion to distinguish the phenomenon of borrowing from that of code-switching. Other criteria, such as phonological ones, which can only be applied to spoken linguistic material, may be of utmost importance.

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Подчинени обстоятелствени изречения за време в избрани разкази на Ангел Каралийчев

Author(s): Hristiana Stoeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The study aims to investigate and present what subordinate circumstantial sentences of time are found in the short stories of Angel Karaliychev, to be compared with each other, how often they are used in comparison with other types of subordinate circumstantial sentences and what features they have in their use and relationship with the main clause to which they refer. Subject of research in the document are subordinate circumstantial sentences about time, and the analyzed material covers selected short stories by Angel Karaliychev.

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Rhetorical structure and linguistic features of research article abstracts in the humanities: the case of Lithuanian, English, and Russian

Author(s): Erika Gobekci / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2023

Over the past few decades, research article abstracts have been receiving increased attention of scholars. While abstracts in English have been extensively researched, there are few studies on abstracts in Russian and no studies on abstracts in Lithuanian. This study investigates the rhetorical structure and linguistic features of research article abstracts across different humanities disciplines in Lithuanian, English and Russian. My aim is to detect similarities and differences in abstract structure and corresponding linguistic features within the three different academic writing traditions. I seek to answer the question which writing tradition, the Anglo-Saxon or the Continental, is closer to Lithuanian academic writing. This study employs contrastive qualitative and quantitative analysis and corpus-based methodology. The results highlight aspects of abstract writing that may be relevant for researchers while preparing abstracts of their research articles in these three languages.

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Количествено отношение на сложните смесени изречения в текстовете на Йордан Йовков и Елин Пелин

Author(s): Kamelia Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article presents the results of analyzing the syntactic features in use of complex mixed sentences. The purpose of the research is to compare the quantity of subordinate clauses in texts by two Bulgarian writers – Yordan Yovkov and Elin Pelin. The corpus of analyzed texts includes 30 complex mixed sentences from 3 short stories by Yovkov – “Albena“, “Shibil“, “Bojura“ and 30 complex mixed sentences from 3 short stories by Elin Pelin – “Andreshko“, “The Windmill“, “A soup from the sins of Father Nicodemus“.

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Подложни изречения в медийните заглавия

Author(s): Kalina Barenska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The present research represents the characteristics of the main clauses that take a subject complement clause as their syntactic arguments. The study bases on data from Bulgarian online media headlines, related to culture as their main topic. The study aims to describe various predicates in the main clause from a grammatical perspective, as well as from a semantic one. The relation between complementizers and different predicates is also taken into account. Based on the results, it can be concluded that adverbial predicate is most likely to have a subject complement clause as their argument in the data studied. People tend to use this type of subordinate clause in media news about culture, mainly to express abstract ideas – no matter if these ideas are their own reflections or popular thoughts.

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Тернарные структуры в минейном Житии Иосифа Волоцкого

Author(s): Igor E. Ivanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2023

The article is devoted to the reflection of the Trinitarian dogma in The Life of Joseph Volotsky, in which triple repetitions are found at the lexical, syntactic and plot levels of the text. The significance of the Trinitarian dogma in the biography of Joseph Volotsky is related to the controversy that erupted at the turn of the 15th-16th centuries between the Orthodox Church and the Judaizer heresy, whose adherents questioned the dogma of the Trinitarian nature of God. Joseph Volotsky became the most active participant in antiheretical activities. The Life compiled by Bishop Savva Cherny of Krutitsky in the 1740s aligns itself with the Life of Sergius of Radonezh, in which numerous triple repetitions are present. The connection between The Life of Joseph of Volotsky and the Life of Sergius of Radonezh is evidenced by the textual connection of the introductory parts of the texts; indirect proof of the importance of the figure of Sergius of Radonezh for Joseph Volotsky is also apparent in the genetic connection between the saints, based on belonging to the same line of monastic tradition: Joseph took the tonsure from Paphnutius Borovsky, whose mentor Nikita Borovsky was a novice of Sergius. Analysis of the Life for triple repetitions at the structural and event levels of the text not only indicates that the Life of Sergius of Radonezh became a literary source for the biography of the Volotsk hegumen and that the author of The Life reflected in the monument a polemic that was relevant at the time of the saint’s life, but also complements the ideas of philological medieval studies about the biography of Joseph Volotsky. Today we have to state with regret that the Life of Joseph Volotsky, with rare exceptions, has not become an object of interest for philologists; this article intends to shed light on one of the aspects of the poetics of the monument.

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Граматикализация и синтаксис. Един когнитивен прочит

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Граматикализация и синтаксис. Един когнитивен прочит

Author(s): Mariana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article offers a cognitive reading of the pronouns in view of their categorical nature. Their cognitive reading offers an interesting slice of grammaticalization as a dialectical relationship between morphology and syntax. A relevant criterion for the syntactic behavior of this ambivalence is cognitive potency.

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A Stylistic Approach to Thomas Campion’s There Is a Garden in Her Face

Author(s): Halit Alkan / Language(s): English Issue: 115/2023

Literary works come into existence through authors’ use of language units in particular ways. Style is considered as the choice of linguistic characteristics from all the probabilities in language. Stylistics attempts to create an interaction of readers with the language of a literary text to clarify how a reader understands the text. This study examines how Thomas Campion manipulated basic linguistic features to form stylistic effects in order to produce meaning in There Is a Garden in Her Face. The analysis involves lexical, semantic, grammatical (syntactic), graphological, and phonological (sound pattern) levels. It helps to clarify the context of the poem. The stylistic analysis shows that the poem is very carefully constructed. All three stanzas in the poem are grammatically parallel to each other and deal with the lady’s beauty whose face is compared to a garden of heavenly paradise where every kind of delicious fruit grows there. The unity of the poem is secured by the refrain describing a beautiful lady’s lips. The graphological deviation shows a system of capitalization to foreground important words such as “Roses” and “white Lilies” in the poem to represent love/passion, and innocence/purity. The phonetic parallelism reinforces the system of parallel meaning in terms of alliteration and assonance. The poem is based mostly on similes and metaphors to make the imagery of the flowers and fruit growing in a garden much more vivid. With this, the lady’s physical features are portrayed. The noun cherry is used with the adjective sacred which portrays that the lady’s lips have not been touched or kissed by anyone. The same line which is repeated at the end of each stanza foregrounds that this beautiful lady is unattainable unless if she says her lips are fully ripe to become most valuable. Here, female beauty signals the ideals of Elizabethan beauty: white skin, blushing cheeks, and red lips. This study shows how Campion has been able to manipulate language which is an integral part of a literary work. Campion has created changes through a systemic use of language to get his message across to readers. This study may help researchers understand how Campion used stylistic tools in his poem.

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Towards a new future in (West and East) Slavonic?

Author(s): Alexander Andrason / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This article demonstrates that the rule according to which perfective verbs are incompatible with the future auxiliary ‘be’ in West and East Slavonic languages is less strict than has been claimed in scholarship. In colloquial Polish and in less standard varieties of Upper and Lower Sorbian, as well as in Australian Russian, the ‘be’ auxiliary may be combined with perfective verbs. Such future perfective constructions with the ‘be’ auxiliary arise because of analogical pressures, language internal and/or external. The Polish perfective future with ‘be’ instantiates furthermore an analogy-driven SVC – an additional fourth source of SVCs across languages.

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Branimir Belaj, Kognitivna lingvistika i hrvatski jezik.

Author(s): Domagoj Kostanjevac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2023

Review of: Branimir Belaj, Kognitivna lingvistika i hrvatski jezik. Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Osijek, 2023.

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Спацијалне предлошко-падежне конструкције у атрибутској функцији у Роману о Лондону Милоша Црњанског

Author(s): Aleksandra D. Rakić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 54/2023

The subject of the paper is the syntactic-semantic and stylistic analysis of incongruent attributes with spatial meaning in Miloš Crnjanskiʼs Novel about London. The phrases with a noun head and a dependent prepositional case construction with spatial meaning are included. The paper analyzes and classifies the semantic types of spatial prepositional-case constructions. The semantic-syntactic analysis showed that the most frequent and syntactically diverse are incongruent attributes with the meaning of indirectness. The results of the stylistic analysis showed that there is a separation of subordinate constructions with a comma, which is characteristic of the style of Miloš Crnjanski. Separation of syntagm elements is most common in examples with the common noun head.

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Относителните местоимения и изречения в говора на Маломирово, Елховско, като отражение на общи релативни процеси

Author(s): Ivan G. Iliev,Martin Henzelmann / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article deals with the development of relative pronouns and compound sentences in the Malomirovo dialect on the basis of a comprehensive study of the theory of relativity by one of the co-authors.The article deals with the development of relative pronouns and compound sentences in the Malomirovo dialect on the basis of a comprehensive study of the theory of relativity by one of the co-authors.

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Jedan dokument s tri jezičke verzije – sudba bosanskohercegovačka

Author(s): Emira Mešanović-Meša / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 34/2023

This article analyzes a document called the Rulebook on tea, herbal tea, fruit tea and instant tea, which has three language versions with the same title. Namely, as there are three official languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina, legislative and other acts are prepared and published in official gazettes in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian. This model of official use of three languages has been going on for two decades and certainly creates difficulties for the administrative-legal system and threatens the smooth development of communication in this field. Answers to the questions of how a single document is prepared in three language versions whose content must remain exactly the same, what are the nature of language differences, whether these differences are always necessary, and whether they have their purpose and normative justification, will be offered by this analysis.

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POGLED U JEZIK MARTIĆEVA EPA OBRANA BIOGRADA GODINE 1456., SLAVJE SVETOGA IVANA KAPISTRANSKOGA

Author(s): Marijana Galić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 29/2023

The paper studies the language in Martić’s epic poem Obrana Biograda godine 1456, slavje svetoga Ivana Kapistranskoga (The Defense of Biograd in 1456, the celebration of Saint John of Capistrano). This literally work is divided into four parts: Poslanstvo, Vieće, Sprema i Pobjeda (Mission, Council, Readiness and Victory). At the beginning of the epic, there is an annual felicitation to Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer, and at the end of the epic, Bojna molitva (The Battle Prayer). The epic was printed in Đakovo in 1887 in the diocesan printing house. In the epic, which is based on a historical-religious theme, it can be seen that Martić followed the Franciscan writing tradition, oral literature, and language principles of the Zagreb philological school, while adhering to the Central Bosnian idiom. This is observed through spelling, orthography, phonology, morphology, syntax and lexis.

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Aspekte der Sprache. Besonderheiten des deutschen Nomens

Author(s): Anca Dejica-Carțiș / Language(s): German Issue: 22/2023

Die Morphologie befasst sich mit verschiedenen Besonderheiten der Wortklassen und mit dem Gebrauch der Wörter nach bestimmten Regeln der Linguistik. Nomina (Substantive) gehören zu der Wortklasse der Hauptwörter in deutschen Sprache. Laut den verschiedenen Theorien der Linguistik, sind Nomina Wörter und Informationsträger für Personen, für Benennungen oder für Bezeichnungen. In der Grammatik sind Nomina von der grammatischen Kategorie (Genus, Kasus und Numerus) abhängig. Für Sprachenlerner kann das Nomen Probleme aufheben, da das Nomen sich nach dem grammatischen Genus orientieren. Viele Nomina werden nach der Form und nach der Bedeutung erkannt. Als Wortklasse unterscheiden die Nomina morphologische, syntaktische und semantische Merkmale. Im Rahmen des Faches: Die Struktur der Sprache C1- Morphologie werden wesentliche Aspekte des Nomens näher betrachtet und analysiert. Das Fach bevorzugt den korrekten Gebrauch des Nomens in einer klaren Sprache. Dementsprechend werden Aspekte des Nomens identifiziert und in demonstrativen Beispielen bewertet. Ziel des Unterrichtinhalts ist die Sprache korrekt in verschiedenen Kontexten zu verwenden. Im Empfang kommen verschiedene Lehr- und Lernmaterialen, Theorien, Forschungen zu Modalitäten der Anwendung der Sprache für die allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft oder im Sprachunterricht helfen verschiedene grammatische Regeln den Studierenden den Unterrichtsinhalt zu verstehen und die Sprache zu üben. Vorliegender Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den wesentlichen Aspekten des deutschen Nomens, welche wesentliche Schwerpunkte der deutschen Grammatik mit einbeziehen.

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Препозиционализацията като словообразувателен способ в старобългарски език

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): English,Belarusian Issue: XXXII/2019

The article studies, from the diachronic aspect of the development of the Bulgarian language, the process of prepositionalization as a case of transposition. The formation of the secondary prepositions is tracked on the basis of the transition of the full words to the function words. The process of prepositionalization is analyzed in each particular case. The place of the newly formed prepositional units in the language systems determined in terms of their relations with other classes of words.

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