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Bir Kimlik İşaretleyicisi Olarak Dil ve Trabzon Ağızlarında Arkaik Hususiyetler

Author(s): A. Mevhibe Coşar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2015

Some phonetic and formal characteristics and certain vocabulary elements of Trabzon dialects today may seem unusual in comparison with the standard language. Characteristics of this kind include the use of “k” instead of “g”, “t” instead of “d”, “p” instead of “b” in the beginning of the word; violation of flat-round vowel harmony rule; the case of the sound /ng/; the preservation of the consonant b- in the first sound; the use of copulas with inversion; binary verb forms. Thus Trabzon dialects present a highly interesting point as they preserve phonetic characteristics which can be traced back to the Ancient Turkish and they partially reflect changes and developments in Turkish language through different historical time periods. This matter connects Trabzon dialects to Turkish language of archaic times based on the vocabulary and phonetic characteristics of these dialects. Despite the undisputed impact of mass media and the wide education opportunities, it is possible to state that Trabzon dialects are the subject of study representing different kinds of changes and developments of Turkish language throughout history.

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Accepţia ideologiei ca discurs

Author(s): Nicoleta Neşu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2-II/2010

The present paper fouses on the relationship between ideology and the political discourse, as well as on the relationship between ideology and propaganda. Our aim is to undeline the discoursive prospective of the ideology, seen into the global frame of the general communication process. A special attention is given to van Dijk´s three-dimension model of the ideologic discourse, based on a interdisciplinary theory of ideology which takes into consideration the level of the ideology´s nature, the level of its cognitive representation and the level of its modalities of expression.

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KÖNYVSZEMLE

Author(s): Zsolt Simon,Adrienne Kaczmarczyk,István Borzsák,Iván Tóth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2006

Review of: 1. SPRACHEN DES ALTEN ORIENTS. Hrsg. v. Michael P. Streck. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2005. 184 l. by: Simon Zsolt 2. RAPHAËL GÉRARD: PHONÉTIQUE ET MORPHOLOGIE DE LA LANGUE LYDIENNE. Bibliothèque des cahiers de l’Institut Linguistique de Louvain 114. Peeters, Louvain-la-Neuve 2005. 130 l. by: Simon Zsolt 3. KATHERINA GLAU: REZITATION GRIECHISCHER CHORLYRIK. DIE PARODOI AUS AISCHYLOS’ AGAMEMNON UND EURIPIDES’ BAKCHEN ALS TONBEISPIEL AUF CD MIT TEXTUND BEGLEITHEFT. In: BIBLIOTHEK DER KLASSISCHEN ALTERTUMSWISSENSCHAFTEN. Hrsg. v. Hubert Petersmann. Neue Folge, 2. Reihe, Bd. 101. Universitätsverlag C. Winter, Heidelberg 1998. 40 l. by: Kaczmarczyk Adrienne 4. STEPHAN SCHMAL: TACITUS. Hildesheim—Zürich—New York 2005. 240 l. (Olms Studienbücher, Antike 14.) by: Borzsák István 5. T. HORVÁTH ÁGNES: AZ ÓKORI HELLAS. Belvedere Jegyzetek 3., Szeged 2005. 206 l. by: Tóth Iván

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COLOR NAMES AND THEIR SUFFIXES A STUDY ON THE HISTORY OF MONGOLIAN WORD FORMATION

Author(s): Bayarma Khabtagaeva-Kempf / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2001

Mongolian word formation and Mongolian color names are considered a neglected field of study in Mongolistic literature. The aim of this paper is to find out if there is an affinity between certain lexical groups and specific word-forming suffixes. In order to answer this question, the author collected material on Mongolian word formation connected with color names. Of the 108 suffixes examined, 49 are used with color names and other lexical groups, and 59 are restricted to color names, that is, they show special affinity to a specific lexical group, namely, to color names.

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SOME MIDDLE BULGARIAN LOAN WORDS IN THE VOLGA KIPCHAK LANGUAGES

Author(s): Klára Agyagási / Language(s): English Issue: 1-3/2002

The author has shortly surveyed the history of the widening of the term “Bulgar Turkic phonological criteria”. The last summary of the results of research on the Bulgar-Turkic criteria and their chronological validity was made by Lajos Ligeti in his monograph on Turkic-Hungarian linguistic interrelations (1986). In the paper the author has presented several recent Middle Bulgar-Turkic loans of the Volga Kipchak dialects, following Ligeti’s criteria: (1) the prothetic y-; (2) the initial ! < si/sï; (3) Ancient Turkic -n ~ Chuvash -m.

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THE MIDDLE MONGOLIAN VOCALIC HIATUS

Author(s): Roy Andrew Miller / Language(s): English Issue: 1-3/2002

The consensus of western Mongolists to the effect that the written records of Middle Mongolian in the hPhags-pa script, along with those in Chinese-character transcriptions, show an “intervocalic hiatus”, to be understood as a phonetic zero, in certain forms for which the Uighur-Mongol script employs a velar graph, is reinvestigated on both the pragmatic (orthographic) and the structural (phonological) level, with particular reference to the probable values of the hPhags-pa graphs for the laryngeals, studied in the light of the attested values of their Written Tibetan originals. Considerations of the complementary distribution of certain velar initials in Middle Chinese and Old Mandarin are also invoked, to clarify the use of both the Chinese characters and the hPhags-pa script in transcribing Middle Mongolian. The investigation points in the direction of understanding these “hiatus” writings not as incorporating or representing a phonetic (or phonological) zero but instead as overt graphic representations of a voiced laryngeal or uvular spirant.

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Akcenat glagola u sarajevskom govoru u odnosu na mostarski govor i bosanski standardni jezik

Author(s): Jasmin Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 78-79/2017

Savremeni bosanski jezik, za razliku od crnogorskog, hrvatskog i srpskog jezika, još uvijek najbolje čuva klasični standardni akcenatski sistem. On je dat prema progresivnim novoštokavskim govorima koji su poslužili kao osnovica nekadašnjeg srpskohrvatskog standarda i koji se tradicionalno već naziva Vuk-Daničićev akcenatski sistem. Prema tom sistemu bosanski standard, kao i bosanski govori pojedinačno, prave i određene minimalne otklone, a koji opet nisu takve naravi da bi sistem doveli u pitanje. U vezi s navedenim nije nimalo nebitno da su bosanskohercegovački govori u izrazito preovladavajućoj mjeri novoštokavski.

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Tarmės įtaka Mariaus Katiliškio raštų kalbai

Author(s): Janina Švambarytė-Valužienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 76/2017

The article describes linguistic views of writer Marius Katiliškis (real name is Albinas Vaitkus, born on 15 September 1914 in Gruzdžiai, Šiauliai district; died on 17 December 1980 in Lemont, a suburb of Chicago), who comes from Northern Lithuania, Žagarė district, discusses the lexis of Šiauliai sub-dialect of the Western Aukštaitian used in Katiliškis’ works and dialect speech patterns that the writer is known for. The article is compiled with reference to the material of the manuscript of the Glossary of Marius Katiliškis Works (abbreviated as KtŽ), compiled by the author of the article. KtŽ lexis is compiled from the novels Miškais ateina ruduo (1969), Užuovėja (1990), Išėjusiems negrįžti (1990) and a collection of short stories Seno kareivio sugrįžimas (2003). Katiliškis had a good command of Žagarė speech: he had heard quite a few stories told in it, collected and noted individual words, their forms and language expressions. Dialect lexis abundant in Katiliškis’ writings indicates that the writer acted as a dialect user, i.e., created words, formed collocations not included into any dictionaries, used various nuances of word meaning. Words used or created by Katiliškis are affective, noticed by the reader as new, emotional, finally interesting in the way of phonic and semantic meaning. In Katiliškis’ writings the story is relayed by using simple and extended sentences or thoughts that are divided into short sentence components. It seems that the writer wishes to halt the reader for a moment and to emphasise every collocation or phrase. Usually, this kind of fragmented sentence also conceals an emotion expression. Katiliškis’ writings, as indicated in the article, are written in local dialect, i.e., dialect language used in 20th century. Up till this day, the development of standard language requires a more in-debt study by linguists focused on various areas of research, and Katiliškis’ writings are texts on which such an investigation should be grounded.

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Mjesni govor Blaževaca u svjetlu pripadnosti zapadnome poddijalektu kajkavskoga goranskoga dijalekta

Author(s): Marina Marinković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2018

The local speech of Blaževci is geographically located at the boundary of two subdialects of the Kajkavian Gorski kotar dialect. Although Croatian dialectologists previously classified it as belonging to the western subdialect, this local speech has not been a subject of targeted research. Using the principles of structural dialectology, field research on the local speech of Blaževci has recently been conducted on the phonological and, to a lesser extent, morphological level. Based on the collected data, the work analyzes vocalism, consonantism and prosody (inventory, distribution, and origin of units) and noun declension. The aim of this paper is to determine the affiliation of the local speech of Blaževci to a higher hierarchical level, while respecting the principles and criteria of dialectological classification. Therefore, in the analysis of the material the emphasis is put on vocalism and prosody. The most prominent prosodic feature linking this speech to western speeches of Gorski kotar is the progressive shift of the Slavic old circumflex, the isogloss that is largely absent in the eastern subdialect. Other phonological and morphological features shared with western Kajkavian speeches of Gorski kotar were recorded: subsequent lengthening of initially short vowels, multiple vowel alternations (o → a, u → i), noun declension reflecting the initial palatal variants of the major changes in nouns of masculine, feminine, or neuter genders. However, some of the features that associate this speech with eastern Kajkavian speeches of Gorski kotar were confirmed, such as monophthong vocalism, the absence of - m > -n change in the final position, the fluctuation in the reflex of old acute beyond the last syllable etc. All the above points refer to the marginal position of the local speech of Blaževci and to the conclusion that this local speech comprises characteristics of both eastern and western subdialects of Kajkavian dialect of Gorski kotar. However, given that the accentual features, as the most important classification criterion, are closer to western speeches, based on the analysis that was carried out, this local speech is placed in the western subdialect of Kajkavian Gorski kotar dialect.

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Danguolė Mikulėnienė, Asta Leskauskaitė, Vilija Ragaišienė, Laura Geržotaitė, Nijolė Birgelienė. Lietuvių tarmių kaita XXI a. Pradžioje: lenkijos lietuvių šnektos - kolektyvinė monografija

Author(s): Dalia Pakalniškienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 76/2017

Review of: Danguolė Mikulėnienė, Asta Leskauskaitė, Vilija Ragaišienė, Laura Geržotaitė, Nijolė Birgelienė "LIETUVIŲ TARMIŲ KAITA XXI A. PRADŽIOJE: LENKIJOS LIETUVIŲ ŠNEKTOS KOLEKTYVINĖ MONOGRAFIJA"; Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2016, 503 pages ISBN 978-609-411-186-0 by: Dalia Pakalniškienė

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REFLEKSI DUGOG JATA U JUGOISTOČNOJ BOSNI U ANKETI PITANJA O GOVORU PROSTOGA NARODA (1897) I POPUNJENIM UPITNICIMA ZA ISPITIVANJE BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAČKIH GOVORA (1975–1986)

Author(s): Haris Ćatović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2017

In the dialectological literature it is commonly known that the question of the reflexion of the old voice jat is the most interesting phenomenon in our dialects, especially in the words of the southern type, and today’s circumstances doubtless activate the question of the reflexion of the old voice jat since this question became one of the key differential characteristics among the standard languages middle-Slavic area. Uneven replacement of jat in the same voice positions is due to various factors, so it is clear why to this issue are devoted many of works that are quite broadly set up and viewed in both monographs and normative manuals. The Southeastern Bosnian speaking type belongs to the East Herzegovina dialect, and by replacing the jat they became part of a ijekavian. The source for the linguistic and philological analysis of this work consists of the surveys Questions about speech of the populace from 1897 and of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian dialectal complex (1975– 1986). The paper analyzes the situation regarding long-legged reflexes of jat in questionnaires relevant for Southeast speaking type surveys conducted in Čajnice, Foča, Goražde, Kalinovik, Rogatica, Višegrad, within the framework of the project Questions about speech of the populace (1897) conducted by the National Museum and completed questionnaires for the examination of Bosnian-Herzegovinian speeches conducted in the areas of Čajnice, Goražde, Kalinovik, Rogatica, Rudo and Višegrad within the framework of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian dialectal complex (1975–1986) take by the Institute of Language and Literature, the Language Department.

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Online Adaptation of Word-initial Ukrainian CC Consonant Clusters by Native Speakers of English

Author(s): Kateryna Laidler / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The phenomenon of loanword adaptation occupies a prominent position in modern phonological literature. The present paper introduces the major theories which deal with this phenomenon as well as presenting the author’s experimental study of online adaptation of Ukrainian word-initial CC consonant clusters illegal in English. In this paper the findings of two experiments are compared and discussed. In the first one 25 native speakers of English imitated Ukrainian words containing word-initial CC consonant clusters absent in English. In the second task a different group of 25 native English speakers were asked to write down the same words in orthographic form. The analysis has shown certain similarities as well as differences between the two sets of data. The repetition task demonstrates that the sonority profile of a cluster has a significant influence on the reproduction of a sequence. Thus, the combinations of sounds which comply with the Sonority Sequencing Generalization pose less difficulty for English native speakers than clusters which violate this principle. The study has also revealed the number of patterns which clearly show that the structure of the CC consonant cluster influences the repair strategy chosen by the participants. Thus, vowel epenthesis is frequently employed with two voiced obstruents, and consonant deletion seems to be the prevalent repair strategy in the case of fricatives.

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“A Proverb a Day Keeps Boredom Away.” Anti-Proverbs, Twisted Proverbs, Perverbs and Other Animals

Author(s): Justyna Mandziuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

What hides behind such mysterious terms as perverbs, anti-, quasi-, and twisted proverbs? What is their status in modern paremiology? Do bona fide proverbs influence their modified versions or vice versa? Do modified proverbs belong to the proverbial family or are they completely distinct linguistic formations? These are some of the many que,stions concerning perverbs, anti-, quasi- and twisted proverbs, ubiquitous nowadays in newspapers, advertisements, cartoons, or health campaigns. As an illustration, the present paper deals with such sayings as No body is perfect; An onion a day keeps everyone away; Man proposes, mother-in-law opposes; He who laughs last, thinks slowest; Where there is a will, there is a war and others. By providing a glimpse into the goldmine of stylistic and conceptual devices used in their creation, this paper attempts to unveil the mechanisms that contribute to the emergence of the novel meanings found in modified proverbs.

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HISTOIRE DE QUELQUES VOCABLES ROUMAINS ISSUS DU VIEUX BULGARE

Author(s): Vasilka Aleksova / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2018

The article represents the semantic development and phonetic changes of the words: mândru, poftă and a pofti, vorbă. Attention is paid to the derivatives of these words, as well as to their semantic relations. Hypotheses are given related to the way of penetrating of the borrowings in the Romanian language – through direct contacts or through cultural and literary contacts.

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Sosyal Bilimlerin Veri Kaynağı Olarak Ağızlar

Author(s): Ali Akar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 19/2016

Generally dialect researches have been analyzed by linguists and folklore researchers up to now. Therefore, data that acquired from researches are limited by studies in these fields. However, there are many other data in texts of dialect which will contribute to different social sciences especially history, sociology, anthropology, cuisine culture and educational sciences. In history researches for which the documents are not enough about recent historical events, these texts are the important reference guides. The topics such as birth, marriage and death ceremonies and social relations in texts of dialect, make a significant contribution to sociology researches. The local meals that described by source people, have applied information about cuisine culture. In addition, attitudes and behaviors of individuals in complied texts include valuable information for social anthropology. There are important information about place and role of family and society in education of individual. In this article, these topics are discussed with reference from data of Turkey Turkish dialects.

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Русский речевой этикет в формате национально ориентированного учебника РКИ

Author(s): Olga Klimkina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 38/2018

The article is devoted to the presentation of a new textbook on Russian speech etiquette for Turkish language students. The book was designed subject to the theory and practice of the national - oriented textbook aimed at teaching the Russian language in Turkish institutes of higher education. A general concept is stated, the textbook’s principles and objectives are formulated, and the lesson’s structure is described. The textbook presents nation-specific stereotypical expressions - etiquette formulas of Russian speech. The training material reflects the main points of everyday communication: greeting / farewell, acquaintance, making a request, gratitude, apology, compliment or advice, invitation, congratulation, approval, regret, warning, doubt or consent in the words of the interlocutor. The logic of topic presentation is subject to situational expediency and relevance from the point of view of the novice communicant. In many cases, the etiquette formulas are accompanied by situational and / or linguistic commentary including country study. All speech patterns are given in pairs of equivalent expressions in Turkish. Transcription based on the Turkish alphabet helps to learn the lexical material in phonetically correct form. Training tasks, in addition to solving the main problem - formation of communicative competence - give the first idea of the preposition-case system of the Russian language, general features of Russian word formation and pronunciation, as well as expand the vocabulary of students. The explanation of grammatical and phonetic phenomena is based on the parallels and comparisons, taking into account the peculiarities of the native language of students. The represented book is considered as an important part of teaching the Russian language during the start - up stage.

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ANLAM DEĞİŞMELERİ VE KULLANIM ALANLARI YÖNÜNDEN TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDE TUZ

Author(s): Osman Esin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2017

Salt is a vital substance in terms of human health and has quite a wide usage area. The word “salt” is used in the form of “salt” in general, although sometimes it can occur in different forms phonetically and morphologically in the historical and contemporary Turkish dialects. Salt, which is a flavoring substance and believed to play an active role in creation, has been considered a precious and holy substance and a rich sense of meaning has formed around it. Initially describing a single concept, the word has gradually gained new meanings and reflected multiple concepts due to the changes and people’s spiritual moods in the social life. Apart from its actual meaning, “salt” has also metaphorical meanings such as “beautiful, beauty, dear and charming”. Furthermore, the word has been included in manners of speaking such as idioms and proverbs and used to facilitate reflecting the lifestyles, worldviews, traditions, customs and beliefs in the Turkish society. There is no doubt that a language can survive and continue its existence only by finding counterparts for new concepts. New words are derived as a result of the need for them. The unique nature of each society’s lifestyle is a decisive factor in meeting this requirement. Expansion in the sense of the word “salt” also brought forward the necessity for new words. In this respect, many words derived from the stem “salt” were added to Turkish and the new concepts or objects that fall into the meaning of “salt” were represented by its derivatives. This article focuses on the changes in the meaning and usage of “salt” and aims to express the richness added by it to the lexicon of Turkish.

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Bi-alphabetism: A window on phonological processing

Author(s): Dušica Filipović-Đurđević,Petar Milin,Laurie Beth Feldman / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2013

In Serbian, lexical decision latencies to words composed of letters that exist in both the Roman and Cyrillic alphabets (some of which have different phonemic interpretations in each) are slower than for the unique alphabet transcription of those same words. In this study, we use the effect of phonological ambiguity to explore the time course of semantic facilitation. Targets are either the phonologically ambiguous forms (e.g., PETAK meaning “Friday” when pronounced as a Roman string /petak/ but without meaning when pronounced in Cyrillic as /retak/) or the unique alphabet transcription of the same word (ПETAK). We manipulate alphabet match and semantic relatedness of prime to target. In addition to replicating slowing due to phonological ambiguity, we show 1) greater alphabet switch cost for bivalent then for unambiguous targets as well as for unrelated then for related prime-target pairs and 2) greater semantic facilitation as the number of shared common letters between prime and target increases. Results reveal the interaction of phonological and semantic processes in Serbian. The findings are discussed in terms of a triangle model of language processing, which hypothesizes a division of labor between an orthography-to-semantics, and an orthographyto-phonology-to-semantics route and their simultaneous contribution to activation of meaning.

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On advantage of seeing TEXT and hearing SPEECH

Author(s): Jelena Živanović,Dušica Filipović-Đurđević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of congruence between the sensory modality through which a concept can be experienced and the modality through which the word denoting that concept is perceived during word recognition. Words denoting concepts that can be experienced visually (e.g. “color”) and words denoting concepts that can be experienced auditorily (e.g. “noise”) were presented both visually and auditorily. We observed shorter processing latencies when there was a match between the modality through which a concept could be experienced and the modality through which a word denoting that concept was presented. In visual lexical decision task, “color” was recognized faster than “noise”, whereas in auditory lexical decision task, “noise” was recognized faster than “color”. The obtained pattern of results cannot be accounted for by exclusive amodal theories, whereas it can be easily integrated in theories based on perceptual representations.

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Fonološka složenost i mesto slogovnog akcenta kao indikatori fonološkog razvoja u usvajanju srpskog jezika

Author(s): Maja Savić,Darinka Anđelković,Nevena Buđevac,Heather Van der Lely / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2010

In this research we investigate the relevance of phonological parameters in acquisition of Serbian language. Implementation of British Test of Phonological Screeing (TOPhS, van der Lely and Harris, 1999) has revealed that phonological complexity (syllabic and metrical structure) influences accuracy in non-word repetition task and could be used in assessment of phonological development of typically developing children, as well as of children with Grammatical Specific Language Impairment (G-SLI) (van der Lely and Harris, 1999; Gallon, Harris & van der Lely, 2007). Having in mind phonological properties of Serbian language (Zec, 2000, 2007), we hypothesized that several parameters can be used in assessment of phonological development in Serbian: a. onset (consonants cluster at the beginning of syllable; b. rime (consonant at the end of syllable). c. word of three syllables, and d. placement of stressed syllable in a word. Combination of these parameters gave us a list of 96 pseudo words of different levels of complexity. Participants were 14 adults and 30 children from kindergarten divided into three age groups (3, 4 and 5 years). Task for the participants was to loudly repeat every pseudo-word, and their reproduction was recorded. Transcription of their answers and coding of errors allowed us to analyze impact of different parameters on accuracy of phonological reproduction in children of different ages. The results indicate that the ability for reproduction of Serbian phonological properties develops in early preschool period. The most difficult is cluster of consonants at the beginning of syllable, and consonant at the end of syllable. These two parameters are even more difficult for reproduction in three-syllable words or in words that have more than one parameter marked. Placement of stress in a word is acquired even before 3 years. In other words, the results have shown that investigated features could be good indicators in assessment of early phonological development of typically developing children. Delay in their acquisition could reveal possible developmental difficulties.

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